用 Python 给 Excel 表格截图（20250207）

我搜索了网络上的方案，感觉把 Excel 表格转换为 HTML 再用 platwright 截图是比较顺畅的路径，因为有顺畅的工具链。如果使用的是 Windows 系统则不需要阅读此文，因为 win32com 库更方便。这篇文章中 Excel 转 HTML 的方案，主要弥补了网上其他方案中存在合并单元格的情况。代码为智谱清言帮助生成，有些变量控制还是需要自己改一下。

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Border, Side, Alignment
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
from datetime import datetime# 打开浏览器并截图
def capture_table_screenshot( url, output_file, table_selector):with sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)page = browser.new_page()# 注意这里需要加协议page.goto("file://" + url)# 等待表格元素加载完成page.wait_for_selector(table_selector)page.wait_for_timeout(1000)# 对表格元素进行截图table_element = page.locator(table_selector)table_element.screenshot(path=output_file)browser.close()# 默认合并单元格的文本内容是放在左上单元格的，如果不是，需要专门程序处理。
# 边框样式默认为1px solid
def read_excel(file_path):# data_only 将 Excel 表格里的公式计算成数值读取出来。wb = load_workbook( filename=file_path, data_only=True)ws = wb.active  # 读取活动工作表data = []merges = []  # 用于存储合并单元格的信息cell_styles = []# 读取合并单元格信息for merged_range in ws.merged_cells.ranges:start_row, start_col = merged_range.min_row, merged_range.min_colend_row, end_col = merged_range.max_row, merged_range.max_colmerges.append((start_row-1, start_col-1, end_row-1, end_col-1))for row in ws.iter_rows():row_data = []row_styles = []for cell in row:print(f"当前单元格的坐标：{cell.coordinate}")if cell.coordinate in ws.merged_cells.ranges:# 跳过合并单元格中的非起始单元格continue            if cell.value is not None:print(f"单元格的值：{cell.value}")row_data.append(str(cell.value))                else:row_data.append('')  # 空单元格填充空字符串# 读取单元格样式，提供默认值font = cell.font if cell.font else Font()border = cell.border if cell.border else Border()alignment = cell.alignment if cell.alignment else Alignment()print(f"单元格字体颜色：{font.color.index}")print(f"单元格边框样式：{border.top.style}")cell_style = {'font': {'name': font.name if font.name else 'Arial','size': font.size if font.size else 12,'bold': font.bold if font.bold else False,'italic': font.italic if font.italic else False,'color': font.color.rgb if font.color and font.color.rgb else '#000000'},'border': {'top': '1px solid' if border.top and border.top.style else None,'left': '1px solid' if border.left and border.left.style else None,'right': '1px solid' if border.right and border.right.style else None,'bottom': '1px solid' if border.bottom and border.bottom.style else None},'alignment': {'horizontal': alignment.horizontal if alignment.horizontal else None,'vertical': alignment.vertical if alignment.vertical else None}}row_styles.append(cell_style)print(f"转换后的单元格样式：{cell_style}")data.append(row_data)cell_styles.append(row_styles)      return data, merges, cell_styles# 该处默认只有同一行合并多列的情况。如果合并单元格占了两行，需要另外的处理。
def generate_html_table(data, merges, cell_styles):print(f"合并单元格的信息：{merges}")html = "<table style='border-collapse: collapse;'>\n"for row_idx, row in enumerate(data):print("-"*20)print(f"当前行的数据：{row}")html += "<tr>\n"# 设置一个跳过非首个合并单元格的标记skip_next_cell = 0for col_idx,cell in enumerate(row):if skip_next_cell > 0:skip_next_cell -= 1continue# 行号、列号从0开始print(f"当前单元格的值：{cell},行号：{row_idx},列号：{col_idx}")# 如果当前单元格为1行4列，则修改cell值if row_idx == 1 and col_idx == 4:# 获取今天的日期today = datetime.today()cell = formatted_date_no_leading_zeros = "截止 " + today.strftime("%-m 月 %-d 日")print(f"修改后的单元格值：{cell}")# 去除单元格样式style = cell_styles[row_idx][col_idx]if style:                font_style = f"font-family:{style['font']['name']}; font-size:{style['font']['size']}pt; " \f"font-weight:{'bold' if style['font']['bold'] else 'normal'}; " \f"font-style:{'italic' if style['font']['italic'] else 'normal'};"border_style = f"border-top:{style['border']['top']}; " \f"border-left:{style['border']['left']}; " \f"border-right:{style['border']['right']}; " \f"border-bottom:{style['border']['bottom']};"alignment_style = f"text-align:{style['alignment']['horizontal']}; " \f"vertical-align:{style['alignment']['vertical']};"if (row_idx, col_idx) in [(m[0], m[1]) for m in merges]:  # 检查当前单元格是否是合并单元格的起始单元格rowspan = [m[2] - m[0] + 1 for m in merges if m[0] == row_idx and m[1] == col_idx][0]colspan = [m[3] - m[1] + 1 for m in merges if m[0] == row_idx and m[1] == col_idx][0]if style:html += f"<td style='{font_style} {border_style} {alignment_style}' rowspan={rowspan} colspan={colspan}>{cell}</td>"else:html += f"<td rowspan={rowspan} colspan={colspan}>{cell}</td>"skip_next_cell = colspan - 1    # 跳过合并的列else:if style:html += f"<td style='{font_style} {border_style} {alignment_style}' >{cell}</td>"else:html += f"<td>{cell}</td>"html += "</tr>\n"html += "</table>"html = "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset='UTF-8'><title>Excel Table</title></head><body>" + html + "</body></html>"return htmldef main():current_dir = 'reer'excel_file_path = current_dir + 'log/2re0207.xlsx'  # 替换为你的Excel文件路径html_file_path = current_dir + 'log/output.html'screenshot_file_path = current_dir + 'log/table_screenshot.png'data, merges, cell_styles = read_excel(excel_file_path)html_table = generate_html_table(data, merges, cell_styles)with open(html_file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:file.write(html_table)# 调用函数，替换以下参数url = html_file_path  # 网页URLoutput_file = screenshot_file_path  # 输出文件路径table_selector = 'table'  # 表格的CSS选择器，根据实际情况调整capture_table_screenshot(url, output_file, table_selector)if __name__ == "__main__":main()