GO系列-IO 文件操作

os io

判断文件是否存在

func fileExist(filePath string) (bool, error) {_, err := os.Stat(filePath)if err == nil {return true, nil}if os.IsNotExist(err) {return false, nil}return false, &CheckFileExistError{filePath}
}

读取文件内容

func readFileContext(file *os.File) (string, error) {if file == nil {return "", nil}var buf [1024]bytevar content []bytefor {n, err := file.Read(buf[:])if err == io.EOF {//结尾break} else if err != nil {log.Println("Read file error", file.Name())return "", err}content = append(content, buf[:n]...)}return string(content), nil
}

创建文件&写入文件内容

// 如果不存在 则创建
if !exist {log.Println("create file:", filePath)newFile, err := os.Create(filePath)if err != nil {log.Panicln(err.Error())}// 写入文件newFile.WriteString("Hello word !!!\n")newFile.Write([]byte("happy every day\n"))newFile.Close()
}

打开文件

// 打开这个文件
file1, err := os.Open(filePath)
if err != nil {log.Panicln(err.Error())
}

关闭和删除文件

// 删除前关闭文件，否则报错
file1.Close()// 删除文件
stat1, _ := file1.Stat()
if stat1 != nil {log.Println("file is not closed")
}
err = os.Remove(filePath)
if err != nil {log.Println("remove file error", filePath, err.Error())
}
log.Println("remove file success", filePath)

copy文件

func copyFile(filePath1 string, filePath2 string) error {exist, err := fileExist(filePath1)if err != nil {return err}if !exist {log.Println("file1 must exist ")return nil}file1, err := os.Open(filePath1)if err != nil {log.Println("open file1 error")return err}defer file1.Close()// 如果存在则删除exist, err = fileExist(filePath2)if err != nil {return err}if exist {os.Remove(filePath2)}file2, err := os.Create(filePath2)if err != nil {log.Println("create file2 error")return err}defer file2.Close()var buffer [1024]bytefor {n, err := file1.Read(buffer[:])if err == io.EOF {log.Println("copy complete")break}if err != nil {log.Println("copy error")return err}file2.Write(buffer[:n])}return nil
}

综合示例

package mainimport ("io""log""os"
)type CheckFileExistError struct {FilePath string
}func (err CheckFileExistError) Error() string {return "Check File[" + err.FilePath + "] Exist Error"
}func fileExist(filePath string) (bool, error) {_, err := os.Stat(filePath)if err == nil {return true, nil}if os.IsNotExist(err) {return false, nil}return false, &CheckFileExistError{filePath}
}func readFileContext(file *os.File) (string, error) {if file == nil {return "", nil}var buf [1024]bytevar content []bytefor {n, err := file.Read(buf[:])if err == io.EOF {//结尾break} else if err != nil {log.Println("Read file error", file.Name())return "", err}content = append(content, buf[:n]...)}return string(content), nil
}func copyFile(filePath1 string, filePath2 string) error {exist, err := fileExist(filePath1)if err != nil {return err}if !exist {log.Println("file1 must exist ")return nil}file1, err := os.Open(filePath1)if err != nil {log.Println("open file1 error")return err}defer file1.Close()// 如果存在则删除exist, err = fileExist(filePath2)if err != nil {return err}if exist {os.Remove(filePath2)}file2, err := os.Create(filePath2)if err != nil {log.Println("create file2 error")return err}defer file2.Close()var buffer [1024]bytefor {n, err := file1.Read(buffer[:])if err == io.EOF {log.Println("copy complete")break}if err != nil {log.Println("copy error")return err}file2.Write(buffer[:n])}return nil
}func main() {log.Println("main ...")filePath := "./test.txt"filePath2 := "./test2.txt"exist, err := fileExist(filePath)log.Println("file ", filePath, "exist:", exist)if err != nil {log.Println(err.Error())}// 如果不存在 则创建if !exist {log.Println("create file:", filePath)newFile, err := os.Create(filePath)if err != nil {log.Panicln(err.Error())}// 写入文件newFile.WriteString("Hello word !!!\n")newFile.Write([]byte("happy every day\n"))newFile.Close()}// 打开这个文件file1, err := os.Open(filePath)if err != nil {log.Panicln(err.Error())}// 读取文件原始内容context, err := readFileContext(file1)if err != nil {log.Panicln(err.Error())}log.Println("context:", context)// 删除前关闭文件，否则报错file1.Close()// copy文件copyFile(filePath, filePath2)// 删除文件stat1, _ := file1.Stat()if stat1 != nil {log.Println("file is not closed")}err = os.Remove(filePath)if err != nil {log.Println("remove file error", filePath, err.Error())}log.Println("remove file success", filePath)log.Println("success ..")
}

bufio

bufio包实现了带缓冲区的读写，是对文件读写的封装

bufio缓冲写数据

模式       含义

os.O_WRONLY     只写

os.O_CREATE      创建文件

os.O_RDONLY      只读

os.O_RDWR   读写

os.O_TRUNC 清空

os.O_APPEND      追加

package mainimport ("bufio""io""log""os"
)// 写文件
func write(filePath string) {// 参数2：打开模式，所有模式d都在上面// 参数3是权限控制// w写 r读 x执行   w  2   r  4   x  1file, err := os.OpenFile(filePath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0666)if err != nil {return}defer file.Close()// 获取writer对象writer := bufio.NewWriter(file)for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {writer.WriteString("hello\n")}// 刷新缓冲区，强制写出writer.Flush()
}// 读取文件
func read(filePath string) string {file, err := os.Open(filePath)if err != nil {return ""}defer file.Close()var content []bytereader := bufio.NewReader(file)for {line, _, err := reader.ReadLine()if err == io.EOF {break}if err != nil {return ""}content = append(content, []byte(string(line)+"\n")...)}return string(content)
}func main() {log.Println("main ...")filePath := "./test1.txt"write(filePath)content := read(filePath)log.Println(content)log.Println("success ..")
}

ioutil

package mainimport ("io/ioutil""log"
)func main() {log.Println("main ...")filePath := "./test1.txt"// 写文件err := ioutil.WriteFile(filePath, []byte("hello word"), 0666)if err != nil {log.Println(err)return}// 读取文件content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filePath)if err != nil {log.Println(err)return}log.Println(string(content))log.Println("success ..")
}

控制台输入输出

终端其实是一个文件，相关实例如下：

os.Stdin：标准输入的文件实例，类型为*File

os.Stdout：标准输出的文件实例，类型为*File

os.Stderr：标准错误输出的文件实例，类型为*File

以文件的方式操作终端:

package mainimport ("log""os"
)func main() {log.Println("main ...")var buf [16]byte// 从控制台读取一行数据os.Stdin.Read(buf[:])log.Println("read context:", string(buf[:]))// 写入到控制台os.Stdout.WriteString("hello word\n")log.Println("success ..")
}