基于k3s部署Nginx、MySQL、SpringBoot和Redis的详细教程

1. 安装k3s集群

1.1 单节点快速部署

# 使用root或sudo权限执行
curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -# 验证安装
sudo kubectl get nodes  # 输出应为Ready状态
sudo systemctl status k3s

1.2 配置kubectl权限（可选）

mkdir -p ~/.kube
sudo cp /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml ~/.kube/config
sudo chown $USER ~/.kube/config
export KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config

---

2. 部署MySQL数据库

2.1 创建持久化存储卷

# mysql-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:name: mysql-pvc
spec:accessModes:- ReadWriteOnceresources:requests:storage: 5Gi  # 生产环境建议10Gi以上

kubectl apply -f mysql-pvc.yaml

2.2 创建数据库密码Secret

kubectl create secret generic mysql-secret \--from-literal=root_password=your_secure_password \--from-literal=database=springdb

2.3 部署MySQL

# mysql-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: mysql-deployment
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: mysqltemplate:metadata:labels:app: mysqlspec:containers:- name: mysqlimage: mysql:8.0env:- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORDvalueFrom:secretKeyRef:name: mysql-secretkey: root_password- name: MYSQL_DATABASEvalueFrom:secretKeyRef:name: mysql-secretkey: databaseports:- containerPort: 3306volumeMounts:- mountPath: /var/lib/mysqlname: mysql-datavolumes:- name: mysql-datapersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: mysql-pvc
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: mysql-service
spec:selector:app: mysqlports:- port: 3306targetPort: 3306type: ClusterIP

kubectl apply -f mysql-deployment.yaml

---

3. 部署Redis缓存

3.1 创建Redis持久化存储

# redis-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:name: redis-pvc
spec:accessModes:- ReadWriteOnceresources:requests:storage: 2Gi

kubectl apply -f redis-pvc.yaml

3.2 部署Redis

# redis-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: redis-deployment
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: redistemplate:metadata:labels:app: redisspec:containers:- name: redisimage: redis:7.0-alpinecommand: ["redis-server", "--appendonly yes"]  # 启用持久化ports:- containerPort: 6379volumeMounts:- mountPath: /dataname: redis-datavolumes:- name: redis-datapersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: redis-pvc
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: redis-service
spec:selector:app: redisports:- port: 6379targetPort: 6379type: ClusterIP

kubectl apply -f redis-deployment.yaml

---

4. 部署SpringBoot应用

4.1 准备SpringBoot Docker镜像

1. 示例application.properties：

   spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://mysql-service:3306/${MYSQL_DATABASE}
   spring.datasource.username=root
   spring.datasource.password=${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
   spring.redis.host=redis-service
   spring.redis.port=6379
   

2. Dockerfile：

   FROM maven:3.8.6-jdk-11 AS build
   WORKDIR /app
   COPY . .
   RUN mvn clean package -DskipTestsFROM openjdk:11-jre-slim
   COPY --from=build /app/target/*.jar /app.jar
   ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
   

3. 构建并推送镜像：

   docker build -t yourusername/springboot-app:v1 .
   docker push yourusername/springboot-app:v1
   

4.2 部署SpringBoot到k3s

# springboot-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: springboot-deployment
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app: springboottemplate:metadata:labels:app: springbootspec:containers:- name: springbootimage: yourusername/springboot-app:v1ports:- containerPort: 8080env:- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORDvalueFrom:secretKeyRef:name: mysql-secretkey: root_password- name: MYSQL_DATABASEvalueFrom:secretKeyRef:name: mysql-secretkey: databaselivenessProbe:httpGet:path: /actuator/healthport: 8080initialDelaySeconds: 30periodSeconds: 10readinessProbe:httpGet:path: /actuator/healthport: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: springboot-service
spec:selector:app: springbootports:- port: 8080targetPort: 8080type: ClusterIP

kubectl apply -f springboot-deployment.yaml

---

5. 部署Nginx反向代理

5.1 创建Nginx配置文件

# nginx-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:name: nginx-config
data:default.conf: |server {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {proxy_pass http://springboot-service:8080;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;}}

kubectl apply -f nginx-config.yaml

5.2 部署Nginx

# nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: nginx-deployment
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app: nginxtemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginxspec:containers:- name: nginximage: nginx:alpineports:- containerPort: 80volumeMounts:- mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.dname: nginx-configvolumes:- name: nginx-configconfigMap:name: nginx-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: nginx-service
spec:selector:app: nginxports:- port: 80targetPort: 80type: NodePort  # 或LoadBalancer

kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml

---

6. 验证部署

6.1 检查所有组件状态

kubectl get pods,svc,pvc
# 输出示例：
# NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
# pod/mysql-deployment-7c6d8f8b4d-abcde      1/1     Running   0          5m
# pod/redis-deployment-7d5f8d4b5f-fghij      1/1     Running   0          4m
# pod/springboot-deployment-6d5f8d4b5f-klmno 2/2     Running   0          3m
# pod/nginx-deployment-7c6d8f8b4d-pqrst      1/1     Running   0          2m

6.2 访问SpringBoot应用

# 获取NodePort
NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get svc nginx-service -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}')
curl http://<节点IP>:$NODE_PORT
# 预期输出：SpringBoot应用的响应（如"Hello World"）

---

7. 扩展与维护

7.1 横向扩展SpringBoot

kubectl scale deployment springboot-deployment --replicas=3

7.2 更新应用版本

1. 修改代码后重新构建镜像：

   docker build -t yourusername/springboot-app:v2 .
   docker push yourusername/springboot-app:v2
   

2. 滚动更新：

   kubectl set image deployment/springboot-deployment springboot=yourusername/springboot-app:v2
   

---

8. 关键配置说明

组件	核心配置项	作用说明
MySQL	persistentVolumeClaim	数据持久化存储
Redis	command: ["redis-server", "--appendonly yes"]	启用AOF持久化
SpringBoot	livenessProbe 和 readinessProbe	健康检查确保服务可用性
Nginx	proxy_pass http://springboot-service	反向代理到Java应用

---

附：常见问题排查

1. SpringBoot无法连接MySQL

   • 检查Secret中的密码是否匹配：

     kubectl get secret mysql-secret -o jsonpath='{.data.root_password}' | base64 -d
     

   • 查看SpringBoot日志：

     kubectl logs -f <springboot-pod>
     

2. Nginx返回502错误

   • 确认SpringBoot服务是否就绪：

     kubectl get endpoints springboot-service
     

3. 数据持久化失败

   • 检查PVC绑定状态：

     kubectl get pvc