区块链交易

交易

项目来自https://github.com/Dapp-Learning-DAO/Dapp-Learning/blob/main/basic/02-web3js-transaction/README-cn.md

本项目包含对交易进行签名，发送，接收交易回执，验证交易执行结果。也提供了事件监听的逻辑代码。

准备

需要安装web3.js

其他和上一个项目环境一样，需要准备私钥和项目id。参考 上一篇。

合约和代码逻辑

合约

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;contract Incrementer {uint256 public number;event Increment(uint256 value);event Reset();constructor(uint256 _initialNumber) {number = _initialNumber;}function increment(uint256 _value) public {require(_value > 0, "increment value should be positive number");number = number + _value;emit Increment(_value);}function reset() public {number = 0;emit Reset();}function getNumber() public view returns (uint256) {return number;}
}

compile.js

const fs = require('fs');
const solc = require('solc');// 以 utf8 方式加载合约
const source = fs.readFileSync('Incrementer.sol', 'utf8');// 编译合约
const input = {language: 'Solidity',sources: {'Incrementer.sol': {content: source,},},settings: {outputSelection: {'*': {'*': ['*'],},},},
};const tempFile = JSON.parse(solc.compile(JSON.stringify(input)));
const contractOfIncrementer =tempFile.contracts['Incrementer.sol']['Incrementer'];// 导出合约数据，可以使用 console 打印 contractFile 中的具体内容信息
module.exports = contractOfIncrementer;

index.js

const Web3 = require('web3');
const fs = require('fs');
const contractOfIncrementer = require('./compile');require('dotenv').config();
const privatekey = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY;function sleep(ms) {return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}/*-- Define Provider --
*/
// Provider
const providerRPC = {development: 'https://sepolia.infura.io/v3/' + process.env.INFURA_ID,moonbase: 'https://rpc.testnet.moonbeam.network',
};
const web3 = new Web3(providerRPC.development); //Change to correct network// Create account with privatekey
const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount(privatekey);
const account_from = {privateKey: privatekey,accountAddress: account.address,
};// Get abi & bin
const bytecode = contractOfIncrementer.evm.bytecode.object;
const abi = contractOfIncrementer.abi;/*
*
*
*   -- Verify Deployment --
**/
const Trans = async () => {console.log('============================ 1. Deploy Contract');console.log(`Attempting to deploy from account ${account.address}`);// Create Contract Instanceconst deployContract = new web3.eth.Contract(abi);// Create Deployment Txconst deployTx = deployContract.deploy({data: bytecode,arguments: [5],});// Sign Txconst createTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction({data: deployTx.encodeABI(),gas: 8000000,},account_from.privateKey);// Get Transaction Receiptconst createReceipt = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(createTransaction.rawTransaction);console.log(`Contract deployed at address: ${createReceipt.contractAddress}`);const deployedBlockNumber = createReceipt.blockNumber;/***** -- Verify Interface of Increment --***/// Create the contract with contract addressconsole.log();console.log('============================ 2. Call Contract Interface getNumber');let incrementer = new web3.eth.Contract(abi, createReceipt.contractAddress);console.log(`Making a call to contract at address: ${createReceipt.contractAddress}`);let number = await incrementer.methods.getNumber().call();console.log(`The current number stored is: ${number}`);// Add 3 to Contract Public Variableconsole.log();console.log('============================ 3. Call Contract Interface increment');const _value = 3;let incrementTx = incrementer.methods.increment(_value);// Sign with Pklet incrementTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction({to: createReceipt.contractAddress,data: incrementTx.encodeABI(),gas: 8000000,},account_from.privateKey);// Send Transactoin and Get TransactionHashconst incrementReceipt = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(incrementTransaction.rawTransaction);console.log(`Tx successful with hash: ${incrementReceipt.transactionHash}`);number = await incrementer.methods.getNumber().call();console.log(`After increment, the current number stored is: ${number}`);/***** -- Verify Interface of Reset --***/console.log();console.log('============================ 4. Call Contract Interface reset');const resetTx = incrementer.methods.reset();const resetTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction({to: createReceipt.contractAddress,data: resetTx.encodeABI(),gas: 8000000,},account_from.privateKey);const resetcReceipt = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(resetTransaction.rawTransaction);console.log(`Tx successful with hash: ${resetcReceipt.transactionHash}`);number = await incrementer.methods.getNumber().call();console.log(`After reset, the current number stored is: ${number}`);/***** -- Listen to Event Increment --***/console.log();console.log('============================ 5. Listen to Events');console.log(' Listen to Increment Event only once && continuouslly');// sepolia don't support http protocol to event listen, need to use websocket// more details , please refer to  https://medium.com/blockcentric/listening-for-smart-contract-events-on-public-blockchains-fdb5a8ac8b9aconst web3Socket = new Web3('wss://sepolia.infura.io/ws/v3/' + process.env.INFURA_ID);// listen to  Increment event only onceincrementer.once('Increment', (error, event) => {console.log('I am a onetime event listner, I am going to die now');});// listen to Increment event continuouslyweb3Socket.eth.subscribe('logs',{address: createReceipt.contractAddress,topics: []},(error,result) => {if(error){console.error(error)}}).on("data", (event) => {console.log("New event: ", event);}).on("error", (error) => {console.error("Error: ", error);});for (let step = 0; step < 3; step++) {incrementTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction({to: createReceipt.contractAddress,data: incrementTx.encodeABI(),gas: 8000000,},account_from.privateKey);await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(incrementTransaction.rawTransaction);console.log("Waiting for events")await sleep(3000);if (step == 2) {// clear all the listenersweb3Socket.eth.clearSubscriptions();console.log('Clearing all the events listeners !!!!');}}/***** -- Get past events --***/console.log();console.log('============================ 6. Going to get past events');const pastEvents = await incrementer.getPastEvents('Increment', {fromBlock: deployedBlockNumber,toBlock: 'latest',});pastEvents.map((event) => {console.log(event);});/***** -- Check Transaction Error --***/console.log();console.log('============================ 7. Check the transaction error');incrementTx = incrementer.methods.increment(0);incrementTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction({to: createReceipt.contractAddress,data: incrementTx.encodeABI(),gas: 8000000,},account_from.privateKey);await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(incrementTransaction.rawTransaction).on('error', console.error);
};Trans().then(() => process.exit(0)).catch((error) => {console.error(error);process.exit(1);});

运行

============================ 1. Deploy Contract
Attempting to deploy from account 0x953bAac08Cad29A4E354F0833c404Ed528775B68
Contract deployed at address: 0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369============================ 2. Call Contract Interface getNumber
Making a call to contract at address: 0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369
The current number stored is: 5============================ 3. Call Contract Interface increment
Tx successful with hash: 0xf9121315472943c6c316c600072798813317563ee3994cfc2334ba20a453a4a1
After increment, the current number stored is: 8============================ 4. Call Contract Interface reset
Tx successful with hash: 0xda76d0a839a40acfb654a37b7afe133c44cd81873f91d51ddfcff2b6052c2e0b
After reset, the current number stored is: 0============================ 5. Listen to EventsListen to Increment Event only once && continuouslly
I am a onetime event listner, I am going to die now
New event:  {address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',blockHash: '0x9e8d04cff3f2236eed7bf662036657963cf7475b0e350f77a396e89a4935de2c',blockNumber: 7947790,data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',logIndex: 353,removed: false,topics: ['0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'],transactionHash: '0xdc7dfda876800b365e70374b8f8f9f39d8603bebe89f961109f65229b93524d6',transactionIndex: 189,id: 'log_7432a4a4'
}
Waiting for events
New event:  {address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',blockHash: '0x9ec619f890cdd8e0ab6a3e0bae4846351f81f6b81125fddd444c8e7a2598d970',blockNumber: 7947792,data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',logIndex: 343,removed: false,topics: ['0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'],transactionHash: '0x4956140582e6e0d62885e0646ad0642b6ae060fd4658d0374cd555799fa3a843',transactionIndex: 181,id: 'log_a193869e'
}
Waiting for events
New event:  {address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',blockHash: '0xd8967836b9d85763611be4489042896b149b45b82f3404d530ad60a2cb8ca378',blockNumber: 7947793,blockTimestamp: '0x67dd0eb8',data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',logIndex: 248,removed: false,topics: ['0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'],transactionHash: '0x35163a22db0cffeeab3e2c4f6ca6f6a3f5e622982514ea98a6f99b3abc0e5d74',transactionIndex: 169,id: 'log_97159c2a'
}
Waiting for events
Clearing all the events listeners !!!!============================ 6. Going to get past events
{removed: false,logIndex: 413,transactionIndex: 214,transactionHash: '0xf9121315472943c6c316c600072798813317563ee3994cfc2334ba20a453a4a1',blockHash: '0xdc82eb994a9884606ad817309a509f923aa4c9eb1444e1fdf0531f29919d67ca',blockNumber: 7947788,address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',id: 'log_95b8ba97',returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },event: 'Increment',signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',raw: {data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',topics: ['0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81']}
}
{removed: false,logIndex: 353,transactionIndex: 189,transactionHash: '0xdc7dfda876800b365e70374b8f8f9f39d8603bebe89f961109f65229b93524d6',blockHash: '0x9e8d04cff3f2236eed7bf662036657963cf7475b0e350f77a396e89a4935de2c',blockNumber: 7947790,address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',id: 'log_7432a4a4',returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },event: 'Increment',signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',raw: {data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',topics: ['0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81']}
}
{removed: false,logIndex: 343,transactionIndex: 181,transactionHash: '0x4956140582e6e0d62885e0646ad0642b6ae060fd4658d0374cd555799fa3a843',blockHash: '0x9ec619f890cdd8e0ab6a3e0bae4846351f81f6b81125fddd444c8e7a2598d970',blockNumber: 7947792,address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',id: 'log_a193869e',returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },event: 'Increment',signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',raw: {data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',topics: ['0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81']}
}
{removed: false,logIndex: 248,transactionIndex: 169,transactionHash: '0x35163a22db0cffeeab3e2c4f6ca6f6a3f5e622982514ea98a6f99b3abc0e5d74',blockHash: '0xd8967836b9d85763611be4489042896b149b45b82f3404d530ad60a2cb8ca378',blockNumber: 7947793,address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',id: 'log_97159c2a',returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },event: 'Increment',signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',raw: {data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',topics: ['0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81']}
}============================ 7. Check the transaction error
Error: Transaction has been reverted by the EVM:
{"blockHash": "0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f","blockNumber": 7947794,"contractAddress": null,"cumulativeGasUsed": 20244362,"effectiveGasPrice": 7643386,"from": "0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68","gasUsed": 21875,"logs": [],"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","status": false,"to": "0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369","transactionHash": "0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca","transactionIndex": 143,"type": "0x0"
}at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {receipt: {blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',blockNumber: 7947794,contractAddress: null,cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
============================ 7. Check the transaction error
Error: Transaction has been reverted by the EVM:
{"blockHash": "0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f","blockNumber": 7947794,"contractAddress": null,"cumulativeGasUsed": 20244362,"effectiveGasPrice": 7643386,"from": "0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68","gasUsed": 21875,"logs": [],"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","status": false,"to": "0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369","transactionHash": "0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca","transactionIndex": 143,"type": "0x0"
}at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {receipt: {blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',blockNumber: 7947794,contractAddress: null,cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,"from": "0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68","gasUsed": 21875,"logs": [],"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","status": false,"to": "0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369","transactionHash": "0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca","transactionIndex": 143,"type": "0x0"
}at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {receipt: {blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',blockNumber: 7947794,contractAddress: null,cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,"type": "0x0"
}at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {receipt: {blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',blockNumber: 7947794,contractAddress: null,cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {receipt: {blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',blockNumber: 7947794,contractAddress: null,cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,blockNumber: 7947794,contractAddress: null,cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,from: '0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68',gasUsed: 21875,logs: [],logs: [],logsBloom: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000    logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
00',status: false,status: false,to: '0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369',transactionHash: '0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca',transactionIndex: 143,type: '0x0'}
}