大学英语四级选词填空阅读题和段落匹配解析

Leisure and well - being休闲和幸福

The vital role of leisure in enhancing well - being休闲在增进福祉方面的重要作用

A) The perception of leisure activities has a significant impact on the mental health advantages they offer. 对休闲活动的看法对其提供的心理健康益处有重大影响。Critical insights关键洞察:

• Participation in leisure activities is supposed to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as increase well - being.参加休闲活动被认为可以减轻焦虑、抑郁和压力，并增加幸福感。
• Recent studies suggest that perceiving leisure time as futile or unproductive might diminish its positive effects.最近的研究表明，认为休闲时间是徒劳的或没有成效的可能会削弱其积极作用。

B) Currently, individuals worldwide have faced unprecedented challenges, in response to the changes and limitations brought about by the global health crisis.目前，世界各地的个人都面临着前所未有的挑战，以应对全球卫生危机带来的变化和限制。 The pandemic curtailed many sources of joy, leading to the cancellation of concerts, closure of theaters, and indefinite postponement of vacations.疫情切断了许多欢乐的源泉，导致音乐会取消，剧院关闭，假期无限期推迟。 Opportunities for leisure—defined as free time spent in pursuit of enjoyment and not related to work—became scarce. 休闲的机会——定义为与工作无关的、用于追求享受的自由时间——变得越来越少。Leisure or recreational pursuits can be a respite from the demanding work, bringing joy to people.休闲或娱乐活动可以从繁重的工作中得到喘息，给人们带来快乐。

C) Some changes in leisure practice are not directly caused by the restrictions imposed by the epidemic, but rather by people's increasing anxiety about taking so - called unproductive activities.一些休闲活动的变化不是由疫情的限制直接引起的，而是由于人们越来越担心从事所谓的非生产性活动。 The value of hard work renders leisure as seemingly frivolous or selfish, triggering guilty feelings. 努力工作的价值使休闲显得轻浮或自私，从而引发负罪感。Even before the pandemic, some individuals experienced guilt over dedicating time to leisure activities.甚至在大流行之前，一些人就对把时间花在休闲活动上感到内疚。 The increased awareness of health risks in life further displays the necessity to engage in leisure activities.对生活中健康风险认识的提高进一步显示了从事休闲活动的必要性。 In the bustling world, who can afford the luxury of leisure just for instant pleasure? Nonetheless, a recent study indicates that undervaluing leisure time may have detrimental effects on our well - being.在这个熙熙攘攘的世界里，谁能负担得起仅仅为了一时的快乐而享受闲暇的奢侈呢？然而，最近的一项研究表明，低估休闲时间可能会对我们的健康产生不利影响。

The consequences of dismissing leisure as time wasted将休闲视为浪费时间的后果

D) A comprehensive analysis involving over 1,300 participants across four different countries revealed that individuals who regarded leisure pursuits as a waste of time reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those who valued leisure time.一项涉及四个不同国家1300多名参与者的综合分析显示，与那些重视休闲时间的人相比，那些认为休闲追求是浪费时间的人报告的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平更高。 Even those skeptical about the productivity of leisure but who occasionally indulged in it found it difficult to enjoy these moments fully, thereby missing out on the potential benefits. This skepticism toward leisure erodes the enjoyment and the intrinsic rewards from the activities.即使是那些对休闲的生产力持怀疑态度但偶尔沉迷于休闲的人也发现很难充分享受这些时刻，从而错过了潜在的好处。这种对休闲的怀疑侵蚀了活动的乐趣和内在回报。

The advantages of leisure休闲的好处

E) Contrary to the notion that leisure is unproductive, engaging in leisure and recreational activities has been proven to offer considerable benefits.与休闲无益的观念相反，从事休闲娱乐活动已被证明能带来相当大的好处。 Leisure activities such as enjoying a candlelit bath, taking a brisk walk in the park, or watching a TV show, can reduce stress, establish the equilibrium, and enhance self - esteem.休闲活动，如享受烛光浴，在公园里轻快地散步，或看电视节目，可以减轻压力，建立平衡，增强自尊。 They have a wide range of impacts on physical and mental health, including lower stress, anxiety, depression levels, improved mood, and positive emotions. Participation in recreational activities can also lower cortisol levels, blood pressure, and heart rate.它们对身心健康有广泛的影响，包括降低压力、焦虑、抑郁水平、改善情绪和积极情绪。参加娱乐活动也可以降低皮质醇水平、血压和心率。

F) The importance of leisure for well - being has been long recognized by psychologists.心理学家早就认识到休闲对幸福的重要性。 Bandura pointed out the necessity of leisure experiences for healthy development, while Maslow's hierarchy等级制度 of need included leisure as one of the components of self - actualization. 班杜拉指出休闲体验对于健康发展的必要性，而马斯洛的需求层次理论将休闲作为自我实现的组成部分之一。Engaging in self - centered activities, not traditionally productive ones, imparts self - autonomy and choice, but is often absent in daily life.从事以自我为中心的活动，而不是传统意义上的生产性活动，赋予了自我自主和选择，但在日常生活中往往缺席。 The pandemic has further reduced this feeling of autonomy, and aggravated the helplessness and depression. Leisure activities, considered as sheer enjoyment, can be a potent remedy. Even during the pandemic, individuals who regularly participate in recreational activities report higher overall life satisfaction.疫情进一步削弱了这种自主感，加重了无助感和抑郁感。休闲活动，被认为是纯粹的享受，可以是一种有效的治疗方法。即使在大流行期间，经常参加娱乐活动的个人总体生活满意度也较高。

G) The pandemic has intensified the focus on productivity, especially for online work, creating a culture that valorizes constant work without breaks. Yet, continuous work without leisure breaks can actually hamper productivity, while taking leisure time can rejuvenate energy and cognitive efficiency as well as improve mood when returning to work.大流行加强了对生产力的关注，特别是在线工作，创造了一种重视持续工作而不休息的文化。然而，没有休闲休息的连续工作实际上会影响工作效率，而休闲时间可以恢复精力和认知效率，并在重返工作岗位时改善情绪。

H) Leisure activities not only provide relaxation but also stimulate creativity and improve problem - solving skills. Engaging in activities like painting, playing musical instruments, or even cooking can activate different parts of the brain, fostering creative thinking and innovation. These activities allow individuals to approach problems from new angles and develop unique solutions, which can be beneficial in both personal and professional settings. By giving the mind a break from routine tasks, leisure can unlock new perspectives and ideas.休闲活动不仅能让人放松，还能激发创造力，提高解决问题的能力。从事绘画、演奏乐器、甚至烹饪等活动可以激活大脑的不同部位，培养创造性思维和创新能力。这些活动使个人能够从新的角度处理问题，并制定独特的解决方案，这对个人和专业环境都是有益的。通过让大脑从日常工作中休息一下，休闲可以开启新的视角和想法。

I) Participating in leisure activities often involves social interaction, which is crucial for building and maintaining strong relationships. Whether it's playing a team sport, attending a social club, or simply spending time with family and friends, leisure activities provide opportunities to connect with others. These social bonds offer emotional support, reduce feelings of loneliness, and contribute to a sense of community and belonging. Strong social connections are linked to better mental health and increased life satisfaction.参加休闲活动通常涉及社会互动，这对于建立和维持牢固的关系至关重要。无论是参加团队运动，参加社交俱乐部，还是只是与家人和朋友共度时光，休闲活动都提供了与他人联系的机会。这些社会纽带提供了情感支持，减少了孤独感，并有助于形成社区意识和归属感。强大的社会关系与更好的心理健康和更高的生活满意度有关。

J) Leisure activities can also be a source of lifelong learning and personal growth. Engaging in new hobbies or interests encourages continuous learning and skill development. For instance, taking up gardening, learning a new language, or exploring photography can provide a sense of achievement and fulfillment. This ongoing personal development contributes to a richer, more diverse life experience and helps individuals stay mentally sharp and engaged throughout their lives.休闲活动也可以成为终身学习和个人成长的源泉。从事新的爱好或兴趣鼓励持续学习和技能发展。例如，从事园艺，学习一门新语言，或探索摄影可以提供一种成就感和满足感。这种持续的个人发展有助于更丰富、更多样化的生活体验，并帮助个人在一生中保持敏锐的思维和参与。

Words and expressions

• perception n. 看法
• futile adj. 无效的
• unproductive adj. 效果不佳的；无益的
• diminish v. 减少
• unprecedented adj. 前所未有的
• curtail v. 限制；减缩
• postponement n. 推迟；延期
• recreational adj. 娱乐的；消遣的
• respite n. 喘息；暂缓
• impose v. 把… 强加于
• render v. 使成为；使变得
• trigger v. 触发；引起
• detrimental adj. 有害的；不利的
• comprehensive adj. 综合的
• skeptical adj. 怀疑的
• indulge v. 沉迷
• skepticism n. 怀疑态度
• erode v. 削弱
• intrinsic adj. 内在的
• candlelit adj. 烛光的
• brisk adj. 轻快的；生气勃勃的
• equilibrium n.（心情、情绪）平静，安宁
• cortisol n. 皮质醇
• self - actualization n. 自我实现
• impart v. 赋予；给予
• autonomy n. 自主
• aggravate v. 使恶化
• potent adj.（药品等）有强效的
• intensify v.（使）加强，增强
• hamper v. 阻碍
• rejuvenate v. 使恢复活力
• cognitive adj. 认知的

Understanding the text

1 Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. What can be inferred about cultural attitudes toward leisure during the pandemic?从大流行期间对休闲的文化态度可以推断出什么
   A) Leisure was more highly valued than work, contributing to feelings of joy.休闲比工作更有价值，有助于产生快乐的感觉
   B) Leisure was often viewed negatively, contributing to feelings of guilt.休闲常常被认为是消极的，导致内疚感。
   C) People universally accepted leisure as essential.人们普遍认为休闲是必不可少的。
   D) Leisure activities completely ceased during the pandemic.大流行期间，休闲活动完全停止。

2. What activities can aid in stress management and enhance self - esteem?
   A) Enjoying a candlelit bath, playing sports and reading books.
   B) Going to the gym, watching movies, and taking a brisk walk in the park.
   C) Enjoying a candlelit bath, taking a walk in the park, and watching a TV show.
   D) Enjoying cooking and gardening, and watching a beloved TV show.哪些活动有助于压力管理和增强自尊？
   A)享受烛光浴，运动和读书。
   B)去健身房，看电影，在公园里轻快地散步。
   C)享受烛光浴，在公园散步，看电视节目。
   D)享受烹饪和园艺，看心爱的电视节目。

3. What does the word “valorize” mean (Line 2, Para. G)?
   A) Decrease the value of sth.
   B) Disrespect the value of sth.
   C) Enhance the value of sth.
   D) Ignore the value of sth.A)降低某事物的价值；
   B)不尊重某事物的价值。
   C)提高某事物的价值；
   D)忽略某事物的价值。

4. Which of the following is a benefit of engaging in leisure activities according to the passage?
   A) Increasing physical endurance.
   B) Strengthening social bonds.
   C) Improving time management skills.
   D) Enhancing creative thinking.根据短文，下列哪项是从事休闲活动的好处？
   A)增强身体耐力。
   B)加强社会联系。
   C)提高时间管理技能。
   D)增强创造性思维。

5. What is the main idea of this passage?
   A) The economic advantages of leisure activities in people's lives.
   B) The role of leisure in enhancing mental and overall health.
   C) The critical role of leisure development in social life.
   D) Leisure activities provide a superficial form of leisure.这篇文章的主旨是什么？
   A)休闲活动在人们生活中的经济优势。
   B)休闲在增强心理和整体健康方面的作用。
   C)休闲发展在社会生活中的关键作用。
   D)休闲活动提供了一种肤浅的休闲形式。

2 Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.

1. Pandemic - induced productivity focus overlooks the rejuvenating effects of leisure on cognitive efficiency and mood.流行病引起的生产力焦点忽视了休闲对认知效率和情绪的恢复作用。
2. During the pandemic, leisure opportunities declined, affecting mental well - being.大流行期间，休闲机会减少，影响了精神健康。
3. Leisure offers autonomy and joy while regular participation enhances overall life satisfaction.休闲提供自主和快乐，而定期参与提高整体生活满意度
4. Viewing leisure as wasteful correlates with skepticism, which erodes the enjoyment of leisure activities.将休闲视为浪费与怀疑联系在一起，这会削弱休闲活动的乐趣
5. Leisure considered unproductive may diminish its positive effects on psychological well - being.被认为没有生产力的闲暇可能会削弱其对心理健康的积极影响
6. Participating in activities such as painting or cooking can stimulate various areas of the brain, encouraging creativity and innovative thinking.参加绘画或烹饪等活动可以刺激大脑的各个区域，鼓励创造力和创新思维。
7. Engaging in leisure activities improves stress management, self - esteem, and physical and psychological well - being.参与休闲活动可以改善压力管理、自尊和身心健康。
8. Cultural pressure devalues leisure and creates a feeling of guilt, as a recent study states that neglecting leisure may harm health.最近的一项研究表明，文化压力贬低了休闲，并产生了一种内疚感，忽视休闲可能会损害健康。
9. Engaging in leisure activities frequently includes social interaction, which is essential for creating and sustaining strong relationships.经常参加休闲活动包括社会交往，这对于建立和维持牢固的关系至关重要
10. Participating in new hobbies or interests promotes ongoing learning and the development of new skills.参与新的爱好或兴趣可以促进持续的学习和新技能的发展。

选择题答案及解析

1. 答案：B
   解析：根据文中 C 段 “The value of hard work renders leisure as seemingly frivolous or selfish, triggering guilty feelings.” 以及 “Some changes in leisure practice are not directly caused by the restrictions imposed by the epidemic, but rather by people's increasing anxiety about taking so - called unproductive activities” 可知，疫情期间人们认为休闲是无意义或自私的，会产生内疚感 ，即对休闲持消极态度，B 选项正确。A 选项文中未提及休闲比工作更受重视；C 选项 “universally accepted” 过于绝对；D 选项 “completely ceased” 与原文中休闲机会减少不符。
2. 答案：C
   解析：由 E 段 “Leisure activities such as enjoying a candlelit bath, taking a brisk walk in the park, or watching a TV show, can reduce stress, establish the equilibrium, and enhance self - esteem.” 可知，享受烛光浴、在公园散步、看电视节目有助于缓解压力和增强自尊，C 选项正确。A 选项中 “playing sports and reading books”、B 选项 “Going to the gym, watching movies” 、D 选项 “cooking and gardening” 未在原文此功能对应处提及。
3. 答案：C
   解析：G 段提到 “The pandemic has intensified the focus on productivity, especially for online work, creating a culture that valorizes constant work without breaks.”，从上下文可知疫情强化了对生产力的关注，创造了一种重视不间断工作的文化，所以 “valorize” 意思是增强某物的价值，C 选项正确。A 是减少价值；B 是不尊重价值；D 是忽视价值，均不符合语境。
4. 答案：D
   解析：H 段指出 “Leisure activities not only provide relaxation but also stimulate creativity and improve problem - solving skills.” ，说明休闲活动能激发创造力和提高解决问题能力，D 选项 “Enhancing creative thinking”（增强创造性思维）符合文意。A 选项 “增加身体耐力”、B 选项 “加强社会联系”（文中虽提及社交是休闲好处，但此处问的是创造力相关好处 ）、C 选项 “提高时间管理技能” 原文未提及。
5. 答案：B
   解析：文章主要围绕休闲展开，阐述了休闲对缓解压力、提升心理健康、增强创造力等方面的作用，强调休闲在提升心理和整体健康方面的作用，B 选项正确。A 选项 “经济优势” 文中未重点提及；C 选项 “休闲发展在社会生活中的关键作用” 表述片面；D 选项 “表面形式的休闲” 与原文主旨不符。

匹配题答案及解析

1. 答案：G
   解析：G 段提到 “The pandemic has intensified the focus on productivity...Yet, continuous work without leisure breaks can actually hamper productivity, while taking leisure time can rejuvenate energy and cognitive efficiency as well as improve mood when returning to work.” ，指出疫情下对生产力的关注忽视了休闲对认知效率和情绪的恢复作用，与题目表述一致。
2. 答案：B
   解析：B 段 “The pandemic curtailed many sources of joy...Opportunities for leisure...became scarce.” 表明疫情期间休闲机会减少，影响心理健康，和题目信息匹配。
3. 答案：F
   解析：F 段 “Engaging in self - centered activities, not traditionally productive ones, imparts self - autonomy and choice...Even during the pandemic, individuals who regularly participate in recreational activities report higher overall life satisfaction.” 说明休闲能带来自主和快乐，经常参与休闲活动能提高生活满意度，符合题目内容。
4. 答案：D
   解析：D 段 “A comprehensive analysis...revealed that individuals who regarded leisure pursuits as a waste of time...This skepticism toward leisure erodes the enjoyment and the intrinsic rewards from the activities.” ，提到将休闲视为浪费时间的怀疑态度会削弱对休闲活动的享受，与题目相符。
5. 答案：A
   解析：A 段 “Recent studies suggest that perceiving leisure time as futile or unproductive might diminish its positive effects.” ，说明认为休闲无意义会削弱其对心理健康的积极影响，和题目表述一致。
6. 答案：H
   解析：H 段 “Leisure activities not only provide relaxation but also stimulate creativity...Engaging in activities like painting, playing musical instruments, or even cooking can activate different parts of the brain, fostering creative thinking and innovation.” ，表明绘画、烹饪等活动能刺激大脑，鼓励创造性思维，与题目信息一致。
7. 答案：E
   解析：E 段 “Leisure activities such as enjoying a candlelit bath...can reduce stress, establish the equilibrium, and enhance self - esteem. They have a wide range of impacts on physical and mental health” ，说明休闲活动对压力管理、自尊以及身心健康有改善作用，符合题目要求。
8. 答案：C
   解析：C 段 “The value of hard work renders leisure as seemingly frivolous or selfish, triggering guilty feelings...a recent study indicates that undervaluing leisure time may have detrimental effects on our well - being.” ，提到文化压力使休闲被贬低，忽视休闲对健康有害，和题目表述相符。
9. 答案：I
   解析：I 段 “Participating in leisure activities often involves social interaction, which is crucial for building and maintaining strong relationships.” ，指出休闲活动中的社交互动对建立和维持关系很重要，与题目一致。
10. 答案：J
    解析：J 段 “Leisure activities can also be a source of lifelong learning and personal growth. Engaging in new hobbies or interests encourages continuous learning and skill development.” ，说明参与新爱好能促进持续学习和技能发展，和题目信息匹配。