20. git diff

基本概述

git diff的作用是：比较代码差异

基本用法

1.工作区 VS 暂存区

git diff [file]

2.暂存区 VS 最新提交

git diff --staged [file]
# 或
git diff --cached [file]

3.工作区 VS 最新提交

git diff HEAD [file]

高级用法

1.比较两个提交间的差异

git diff commit1 commit2

• 例子：比较某次提交与其父提交的差异

git diff commit^ commit # 等价于 git show commit

2.比较两个分支的最新提交

git diff branch1 branch2

• 例子：比较本地分支与其远程跟踪分支

git diff @{upstream}
# 或明确指定分支
git diff origin/main

3.比较两个标签的差异

git diff v1.0 v2.0

4.生成补丁文件

git diff > changes.patch

常用选项

1.查看指定行差异

git diff -L 10,20:file.txt

2.显示未解决的合并冲突差异

git diff --merge-base

3.生成二进制文件的补丁

git diff --binary HEAD~1 HEAD > bin.patch