【Unity实战笔记】第二十四 · 使用 SMB+Animator 实现基础战斗系统

转载请注明出处：🔗https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44013533/article/details/146409453
作者：CSDN@|Ringleader|

1 结构

1.1 状态机

1.2 SMB

2 代码实现

2.1 核心控制

Player_Base_SMB 继承 StateMachineBehaviour ，控制变量初始化，以及OnStateUpdate每帧控制状态切换和逻辑处理。
具体 SwitchState DoStateJob交由继承的SMB来实现。

public class Player_Base_SMB : StateMachineBehaviour
{protected static int PLAYER_STATE_IDLE = Animator.StringToHash("Idle");protected static int PLAYER_STATE_RUN = Animator.StringToHash("Run");protected static int PLAYER_STATE_JUMPUP = Animator.StringToHash("JumpUp");protected static int PLAYER_STATE_FALL = Animator.StringToHash("Fall");protected static int PLAYER_STATE_LAND = Animator.StringToHash("Land");// Combat Stateprotected static int PLAYER_COMBAT_IDLE = Animator.StringToHash("Combat_Idle");protected static int PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1 = Animator.StringToHash("Combat_BareHands_Combo1");protected static int PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO2 = Animator.StringToHash("Combat_BareHands_Combo2");protected static int PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO4 = Animator.StringToHash("Combat_BareHands_Combo4");public string StateName;protected PlayerInput _playerInput;protected PlayerController _playerController;protected Transform _playerTransform;protected Transform _camTransform;protected Rigidbody _playerRig;protected PlayableDirector _playerTimeline;[Tooltip("在project中右键添加对应SO，并在状态机状态中添加SO，那样运行时就可在SO中调整参数")]public Player_State_SO playerStateSo;protected bool isOnGround() => _playerController.isOnGround();protected bool AnimationPlayFinished(AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo){return stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 1.0f;}// 只进行一次的初始化private void Initiate(Animator animator){// 如果当前状态已经初始化过，则跳过Initiateif (_playerInput != null && _playerRig != null){return;}_playerInput = animator.GetComponent<PlayerInput>();_playerController = animator.GetComponent<PlayerController>();_playerTransform = _playerController.transform;_playerRig = animator.GetComponent<Rigidbody>();_camTransform = Camera.main.transform;_playerTimeline = _playerController.playerTimeline;// 注意log用到了PlayerController logEnable之类参数，使用Log方法前要确保依赖类已经初始化LogStateAndMethod(StateName, "StateInitiation");}public override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){Initiate(animator);// 注意log用到了PlayerController logEnable之类参数，使用Log方法前要确保依赖类已经初始化LogStateAndMethod(StateName, "OnStateEnter");}public override void OnStateUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){SwitchState(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);DoStateJob(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);}protected virtual void DoStateJob(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){LogStateAndUpdateMethod(StateName, "OnStateUpdate-DoStateJob");}protected virtual void SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){LogStateAndUpdateMethod(StateName, "OnStateUpdate-SwitchState");}public override void OnStateExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){LogStateAndMethod(StateName, "OnStateExit");}protected void DoMoveInPhysics(){if (_playerInput.moveInput != Vector2.zero){Vector3 moveInput = new Vector3(_playerInput.moveInput.x, 0, _playerInput.moveInput.y);// slopeNormal用于计算地面坡度var slopeNormal = _playerController.slopeNormal();// 相对主摄的移动（注意最后需要投影到水平面，否则会有上下位移导致镜头波动）Vector3 _camMoveWithSlope = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized,slopeNormal != Vector3.zero ? slopeNormal : Vector3.up);Vector3 _camMoveWithoutSlope =Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized, Vector3.up);// 转向_playerRig.MoveRotation(Quaternion.RotateTowards(_playerTransform.rotation,Quaternion.LookRotation(_camMoveWithoutSlope), playerStateSo.rotateSpeed));// 移动_playerRig.MovePosition(_playerRig.position +_camMoveWithSlope * playerStateSo.runSpeed * Time.fixedDeltaTime);}}protected void SetVelocityY(float y){var velocity = _playerRig.linearVelocity;velocity = new Vector3(velocity.x, y, velocity.z);_playerRig.linearVelocity = velocity;}protected void SoundPlayRandom(AudioClip[] clips, float minPitch, float maxPitch, float minVolume, float maxVolume,bool loop = false){if (clips.Length == 0){LogDebug($"请检查{StateName}状态的audio音效是否添加");return;}_playerController.PlayRandomSound(clips, minPitch, maxPitch, minVolume, maxVolume, loop);}protected void StopSound(){_playerController.StopSound();}#region Log Methodprotected void LogDebug(string str){if (_playerController.logEnable){Debug.Log(str + " Current frame:" + Time.frameCount);}}protected void LogStateAndMethod(string StateName, string methodName){LogDebug($"Current state: {StateName}, Current method execute : {methodName};\r\n");}protected void LogStateAndUpdateMethod(string StateName, string methodName){if (_playerController.stateUpdateLogEnable){Debug.Log($"Current state: {StateName}, Current method execute : {methodName};\r\n" + " Current frame:" +Time.frameCount);}}#endregion
}

2.2 combat状态 统一父类+combat状态入口&出口

出口就是Interrupt方法，决定何时中断当前状态。
父类主要做通用技能中断，比如被 移动、跳跃、坠落等状态中断的情况。
技能衔接如combo之类交由子类SMB控制。

public class SMB_Combat_Base : Player_Base_SMB
{protected float interruptNormalizedTime = 0.8f;//todo 待细化protected bool canInterrup = true;public override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// combat 采用 root motion,动作产生位移if (!animator.applyRootMotion){animator.applyRootMotion = true;//必须加，就算有OnStateMove也要开启。}}protected override void SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.SwitchState(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);Interrupt(animator);}protected void Interrupt(Animator animator){// 如果攻击正在播放，无法中断，攻击收尾阶段方可中断（当然中断还可以细化，产生优先级，最高优先级甚至可以无视当前出手）if (!canInterrup) return;// any state transform// 1.any combat state  → movement state // 1.1 combat to Run(copy from movement Idle的状态转换)if (_playerInput.moveInput != Vector2.zero){StopTimeline(_playerTimeline);animator.Play(PLAYER_STATE_RUN);}// 1.2 combat to jumpif (_playerInput.jumpInput){StopTimeline(_playerTimeline);animator.Play(PLAYER_STATE_JUMPUP);}// 1.3 combat to fallif (!isOnGround()){StopTimeline(_playerTimeline);animator.CrossFade(PLAYER_STATE_FALL, playerStateSo.idle_to_fall_duration);}}private void StopTimeline(PlayableDirector timeline){Debug.Log("timeline.duration="+timeline.duration);// timeline.Stop();}
}

2.3 具体状态SMB

2.3.1 战斗待机

// 战斗待机
public class SMB_Combat_Idle : SMB_Combat_Base
{protected override void SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.SwitchState(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// 攻击if (_playerInput.fireInput){animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1);}// 脱离战斗，这里简化为战斗待机播两次后回答基础待机（实战时可能条件很复杂，比如主动收刀、周围无敌人、未受到伤害等）if (stateInfo.normalizedTime > 1f){animator.Play(PLAYER_STATE_IDLE);}}
}

2.3.2 空手连接1

// 空手连击1
public class SMB_Combat_Barehands_Combo1 : SMB_Combat_Base
{private Vector3 moveInput;private Vector3 _camMoveWithoutSlope;private Vector3 _camMoveWithSlope;private bool canMoveBeforeAttack = false;public override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);canInterrup = false;}private void StopTimeline(PlayableDirector timeline,string reason){Debug.Log("for reason:"+reason+",timeline.duration="+timeline.duration);timeline.Stop();}protected override void SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.SwitchState(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);if (animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex)){return;}// 播放结束回到战斗待机状态if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 1f){StopTimeline(_playerTimeline,"播放结束回到战斗待机状态");animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_IDLE);}else if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.4f){// 慢击if (_playerInput.fireInput){StopTimeline(_playerTimeline,"慢击");animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1,layerIndex,0f);}}else if (stateInfo.normalizedTime is > 0.3f and < 0.4f){// 连击if (_playerInput.fireInput){StopTimeline(_playerTimeline,"连击");animator.CrossFade(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO2,0.1f);}}// 前摇时接收最后的转向if (stateInfo.normalizedTime <= 0.2f){if (_playerInput.moveInput != Vector2.zero){canMoveBeforeAttack = true;moveInput = new Vector3(_playerInput.moveInput.x, 0, _playerInput.moveInput.y);// slopeNormal用于计算地面坡度var slopeNormal = _playerController.slopeNormal();// 相对主摄的移动（注意最后需要投影到水平面，否则会有上下位移导致镜头波动）_camMoveWithSlope = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized,slopeNormal != Vector3.zero ? slopeNormal : Vector3.up);_camMoveWithoutSlope =Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized, Vector3.up);}}// 设定攻击打断条件，一般与连招断续窗口一致，即攻击打实后准备收招那一刻（后摇开始时）if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.4f){canInterrup = true;}}// 执行转向和移动public override void OnStateMove(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateMove(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// animator.bodyPosition += animator.deltaPosition;//有问题，没有成功执行// _playerRig.linearVelocity = animator.velocity;//移动跳跃异常，转向正常_playerRig.MovePosition(_playerRig.position+animator.deltaPosition);//完美！if (canMoveBeforeAttack && stateInfo.normalizedTime > 0.2f){canMoveBeforeAttack = false;// 转向_playerRig.MoveRotation(Quaternion.LookRotation(_camMoveWithSlope));// 移动（可以添加索敌吸附功能）_playerRig.MovePosition(_playerRig.position + _camMoveWithSlope * 5);}}
}

2.3.3 空手连击2

// 空手连击2
public class SMB_Combat_Barehands_Combo2 : SMB_Combat_Base
{private Vector3 moveInput;private Vector3 _camMoveWithoutSlope;private Vector3 _camMoveWithSlope;private bool canMoveBeforeAttack = false;public override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);canInterrup = false;}protected override void SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.SwitchState(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);if (animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex)){return;}// 播放结束回到战斗待机状态if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 1f){animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_IDLE);}else if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.3f){// 慢击if (_playerInput.fireInput){animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1);}}else if (stateInfo.normalizedTime is > 0.2f and < 0.3f){// 连击if (_playerInput.fireInput){animator.CrossFade(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO4,0.1f);}}// 前摇时接收最后的转向if (stateInfo.normalizedTime <= 0.1f){if (_playerInput.moveInput != Vector2.zero){canMoveBeforeAttack = true;moveInput = new Vector3(_playerInput.moveInput.x, 0, _playerInput.moveInput.y);// slopeNormal用于计算地面坡度var slopeNormal = _playerController.slopeNormal();// 相对主摄的移动（注意最后需要投影到水平面，否则会有上下位移导致镜头波动）_camMoveWithSlope = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized,slopeNormal != Vector3.zero ? slopeNormal : Vector3.up);_camMoveWithoutSlope =Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized, Vector3.up);}}// 设定攻击打断条件，一般与连招断续窗口一致，即攻击打实后准备收招那一刻（后摇开始时）if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.3f){canInterrup = true;}}// 执行转向和移动public override void OnStateMove(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateMove(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// animator.bodyPosition += animator.deltaPosition;//有问题，没有成功执行// _playerRig.linearVelocity = animator.velocity;//移动跳跃异常，转向正常_playerRig.MovePosition(_playerRig.position+animator.deltaPosition);//完美！if (canMoveBeforeAttack && stateInfo.normalizedTime > 0.1f){canMoveBeforeAttack = false;// 转向_playerRig.MoveRotation(Quaternion.LookRotation(_camMoveWithSlope));}}
}

2.3.4 空手连击3

（我取的动画是combo4）

// 空手连击4
public class SMB_Combat_Barehands_Combo4 : SMB_Combat_Base
{private Vector3 moveInput;private Vector3 _camMoveWithoutSlope;private Vector3 _camMoveWithSlope;private bool canMoveBeforeAttack = false;public override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);canInterrup = false;}protected override void SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.SwitchState(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// 播放结束回到战斗待机状态if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 1f){animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_IDLE);}else if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.4f){// 慢击if (_playerInput.fireInput){animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1);}}// 前摇时接收最后的转向if (stateInfo.normalizedTime <= 0.2f){if (_playerInput.moveInput != Vector2.zero){canMoveBeforeAttack = true;moveInput = new Vector3(_playerInput.moveInput.x, 0, _playerInput.moveInput.y);// slopeNormal用于计算地面坡度var slopeNormal = _playerController.slopeNormal();// 相对主摄的移动（注意最后需要投影到水平面，否则会有上下位移导致镜头波动）_camMoveWithSlope = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized,slopeNormal != Vector3.zero ? slopeNormal : Vector3.up);_camMoveWithoutSlope =Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(_camTransform.TransformDirection(moveInput).normalized, Vector3.up);}}// 设定攻击打断条件，一般与连招断续窗口一致，即攻击打实后准备收招那一刻（后摇开始时）if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.4f){canInterrup = true;}}// 执行转向和移动public override void OnStateMove(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateMove(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// animator.bodyPosition += animator.deltaPosition;//有问题，没有成功执行// _playerRig.linearVelocity = animator.velocity;//移动跳跃异常，转向正常_playerRig.MovePosition(_playerRig.position+animator.deltaPosition);//完美！if (canMoveBeforeAttack && stateInfo.normalizedTime > 0.2f){canMoveBeforeAttack = false;// 转向_playerRig.MoveRotation(Quaternion.LookRotation(_camMoveWithSlope));}}
}

2.4 从移动向战斗状态的切换

这里省略了移动相关SMB，这里只取移动的基类，控制 any movement state → 攻击

// 移动状态基类，主要用于anystate转换
public class SMB_Movement_Base : Player_Base_SMB
{public override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.OnStateEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// movement 不采用 root motion，由开发者控制位移if (animator.applyRootMotion){animator.applyRootMotion = false;}}protected override void SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){base.SwitchState(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);// any state transform// any movement state → 攻击if (_playerInput.fireInput){animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1);}}
}

3 最终效果展示

4 遇到的问题及解决

4.1 角色原地攻击、攻击完毕后瞬移

添加连击状态后，发现角色只能原地运动。

于是可以考虑将攻击动画的RootTransform Position xz 分量 bake into pose，但会发现角色攻击完毕后会瞬移回模型原点。


在我第十一篇文章《动画基础》7.6.2 节中曾详细比较了humanoid动画 root motion和bake into pose的情况：

从上面可以知道，要想模型父节点跟随模型必须应用 root motion

而基础移动（movement）又需要交给程序精确控制，如果不使用OnAnimatorMove()（rootMotion handle by script），可以这样分开处理：

• 在进入movement 的状态，animator.applyRootMotion = false;；
• 进入combat 的状态，animator.applyRootMotion = true;；

这样攻击就能正常位移了（注意攻击动画的RootTransform Position xz 分量不要 bake into pose）

4.2 连击动画父节点瞬移

但如果做连击动画

会发现第二、三段攻击父节点发生位移。

原因就是原动画第二三段模型就是偏离模型空间原点。

解决办法就是将动画的RootTransform Position xz 选择based upon Center of Mass。

最终效果：

4.3 同时移动和攻击会产生鬼畜

anystate transform的问题，移动时攻击就会瞬间高速循环切换状态：移动→combat→移动

move combat状态瞬时切换  

解决方法就是让攻击动画不能无条件随时打断，至少播放到40%才能打断（技能打断会开新专题）

protected bool canInterrup = true;OnStateEnter(){...canInterrup = false;...
}switchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){...if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.4f){// 攻击产生后摇后方可打断canInterrup = true;}if (canInterrup) {// movement 相关输入判断}...
}

4.4 状态无法自转移（无法重播当前动画）

假设有攻击1、攻击2、攻击3，这三段连续的攻击动画，当播放到20%~40%按下攻击，便可触发连击，40%后再按攻击键便回到攻击1播放。

现在的问题是，animator.Play(“stateName”) 的状态是自身的话，也就是慢速连按攻击键，攻击1动画无法再次触发，状态也没有切换（exit state 然后再enter state）。

if (stateInfo.normalizedTime >= 0.4f){// 慢击if (_playerInput.fireInput){animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1);}}

可能是animator.Play方法优化的原因，不指定方法的normalizedTime参数，当前stateName与待播放的stateName相同，则不触发状态切换。

解决方法就是指定normalizedTime参数。

animator.Play(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO1,layerIndex,normalizedTime: 0f);

4.5 连击切换死板，加过渡后产生鬼畜

如果连击动画交接处差异过大，会明显感觉到跳切，于是可以考虑加上过渡

animator.CrossFade(PLAYER_COMBAT_BAREHANDS_COMBO4,0.1f);

但快速连点攻击时，会发现鬼畜/慢动作，原因在于，过渡过程两个状态的update其实都是进行中的，过渡过程如果也按下攻击，便会反复触发这个转换过程，便是鬼畜。

需要在前者状态切换添加过滤

SwitchState(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex){...if (animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex)){return;}...
}

这一点在我 【Unity实战笔记】第二十二 跳跃到fall有突然前移现象 小节有提到

5 总结

本文使用SMB+Animator 实现了基础战斗系统，但可以看到技能衔接是通过 stateInfo.normalizedTime判断的，这种方式不够完美：

• 第一，基于时间的控制不够准确，调整起来也很麻烦
• 第二，当需要中断的条件变多变复杂时，这种if else判断出现bug的可能会越来越大
• 第三，如果要添加匹配音效、特效，以及更复杂的需求，这种技能编辑方式就捉襟见肘了

所以我希望有一种更直观的方式去编辑技能，且基于帧的控制，除了能编辑动画，还能配置音效、粒子特效等。

这就是Timeline！

下一篇见~