多场景 OkHttpClient 管理器 - Android 网络通信解决方案

下面是一个完整的 Android 实现，展示如何创建和管理多个 OkHttpClient 实例，分别用于长连接、普通 HTTP 请求和文件下载场景。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:orientation="vertical"android:padding="16dp"android:background="#0f1c2e"tools:context=".MainActivity"><TextViewandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Multi-Client OkHttp Manager"android:textSize="24sp"android:textColor="#4fc3f7"android:textStyle="bold"android:gravity="center"android:layout_marginBottom="24dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btnStartLongConnection"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="启动长连接"android:textColor="#ffffff"android:backgroundTint="#2196F3"android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btnStopLongConnection"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="停止长连接"android:textColor="#ffffff"android:backgroundTint="#f44336"android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btnSendHttpRequest"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="发送API请求"android:textColor="#ffffff"android:backgroundTint="#4CAF50"android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btnDownloadFile"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="下载文件"android:textColor="#ffffff"android:backgroundTint="#FF9800"android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"/><ProgressBarandroid:id="@+id/progressBar"style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:visibility="gone"android:progressTint="#4fc3f7"android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"/><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tvLogs"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="0dp"android:layout_weight="1"android:background="#1e3250"android:textColor="#e0f7fa"android:textSize="14sp"android:padding="8dp"android:scrollbars="vertical"android:scrollbarStyle="outsideOverlay"android:scrollbarThumbVertical="@android:color/darker_gray"/></LinearLayout>

// OkHttpClientManager.kt
import android.content.Context
import android.util.Log
import okhttp3.*
import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor
import java.io.File
import java.io.IOException
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnitobject OkHttpClientManager {// 长连接客户端 (WebSocket)val longConnectionClient: OkHttpClient by lazy {OkHttpClient.Builder().pingInterval(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 20秒心跳.connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).readTimeout(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 无超时限制.writeTimeout(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS).connectionPool(ConnectionPool(2, 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES)).addInterceptor(LongConnectionInterceptor()).build()}// 普通HTTP请求客户端val httpClient: OkHttpClient by lazy {OkHttpClient.Builder().connectTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS).readTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS).writeTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS).addInterceptor(LoggingInterceptor()).addInterceptor(AuthInterceptor()).connectionPool(ConnectionPool(5, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES)).build()}// 文件下载客户端val downloadClient: OkHttpClient by lazy {OkHttpClient.Builder().connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS).readTimeout(300, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 5分钟超时.writeTimeout(300, TimeUnit.SECONDS).addInterceptor(ProgressInterceptor()).connectionPool(ConnectionPool(3, 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES)).build()}// 长连接拦截器 - 添加设备ID等class LongConnectionInterceptor : Interceptor {override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {val request = chain.request().newBuilder().addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive").addHeader("Device-ID", "HW-12345").build()return chain.proceed(request)}}// 日志拦截器class LoggingInterceptor : Interceptor {override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {val request = chain.request()Log.d("HTTP_Request", "URL: ${request.url}")return chain.proceed(request)}}// 认证拦截器class AuthInterceptor : Interceptor {override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {val request = chain.request().newBuilder().addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer your_token_here").build()return chain.proceed(request)}}// 进度拦截器class ProgressInterceptor : Interceptor {override fun intercept(chain: Interceptor.Chain): Response {val originalResponse = chain.proceed(chain.request())return originalResponse.newBuilder().body(ProgressResponseBody(originalResponse.body)).build()}}// 清理所有客户端资源fun cleanup() {longConnectionClient.dispatcher.executorService.shutdown()httpClient.dispatcher.executorService.shutdown()downloadClient.dispatcher.executorService.shutdown()longConnectionClient.connectionPool.evictAll()httpClient.connectionPool.evictAll()downloadClient.connectionPool.evictAll()}
}// 进度响应体
class ProgressResponseBody(private val responseBody: ResponseBody?
) : ResponseBody() {private var bufferedSource: BufferedSource? = nullvar progressListener: ((bytesRead: Long, contentLength: Long) -> Unit)? = nulloverride fun contentType(): MediaType? = responseBody?.contentType()override fun contentLength(): Long = responseBody?.contentLength() ?: 0Loverride fun source(): BufferedSource {if (bufferedSource == null) {bufferedSource = responseBody?.source()?.let { source ->object : ForwardingSource(source) {var totalBytesRead = 0Loverride fun read(sink: Buffer, byteCount: Long): Long {val bytesRead = super.read(sink, byteCount)totalBytesRead += if (bytesRead != -1L) bytesRead else 0progressListener?.invoke(totalBytesRead, contentLength())return bytesRead}}}?.buffer()}return bufferedSource ?: throw IllegalStateException("BufferedSource is null")}
}

// MainActivity.kt
import android.os.Bundle
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.ProgressBar
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import okhttp3.*
import okhttp3.WebSocket
import java.io.File
import java.io.IOExceptionclass MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {private lateinit var tvLogs: TextViewprivate lateinit var progressBar: ProgressBarprivate var webSocket: WebSocket? = nulloverride fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)tvLogs = findViewById(R.id.tvLogs)progressBar = findViewById(R.id.progressBar)findViewById<Button>(R.id.btnStartLongConnection).setOnClickListener {startLongConnection()}findViewById<Button>(R.id.btnStopLongConnection).setOnClickListener {stopLongConnection()}findViewById<Button>(R.id.btnSendHttpRequest).setOnClickListener {sendHttpRequest()}findViewById<Button>(R.id.btnDownloadFile).setOnClickListener {downloadFile()}}private fun startLongConnection() {addLog("启动长连接...")val request = Request.Builder().url("ws://your-hardware-ip:8080/ws") // 替换为实际硬件地址.build()val listener = object : WebSocketListener() {override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {addLog("长连接已建立")[e-mail] = webSocketwebSocket.send("Hello, Hardware!")}override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {addLog("收到消息: $text")}override fun onClosed(webSocket: WebSocket, code: Int, reason: String) {addLog("连接关闭: $reason")}override fun onFailure(webSocket: WebSocket, t: Throwable, response: Response?) {addLog("连接失败: ${t.message}")}}OkHttpClientManager.longConnectionClient.newWebSocket(request, listener)}private fun stopLongConnection() {webSocket?.close(1000, "用户关闭连接")addLog("长连接已关闭")}private fun sendHttpRequest() {addLog("发送API请求...")val request = Request.Builder().url("https://api.example.com/data") // 替换为实际API地址.build()OkHttpClientManager.httpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(object : Callback {override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {addLog("请求失败: ${e.message}")}override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {val body = response.body?.string() ?: "Empty response"addLog("API响应: ${body.take(200)}...")}})}private fun downloadFile() {addLog("开始下载文件...")progressBar.visibility = ProgressBar.VISIBLEval request = Request.Builder().url("https://example.com/largefile.zip") // 替换为实际文件URL.build()val progressListener = { bytesRead: Long, contentLength: Long ->val progress = (bytesRead.toFloat() / contentLength * 100).toInt()runOnUiThread {progressBar.progress = progressif (progress >= 100) {progressBar.visibility = ProgressBar.GONE}}}// 自定义带进度监听的响应体val progressResponseBody = ProgressResponseBody(null).apply {this.progressListener = progressListener}OkHttpClientManager.downloadClient.newCall(request).enqueue(object : Callback {override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {addLog("下载失败: ${e.message}")progressBar.visibility = ProgressBar.GONE}override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {try {val body = response.bodyif (body != null) {// 保存文件到本地val file = File(getExternalFilesDir(null), "downloaded_file.zip")file.outputStream().use { output ->body.byteStream().copyTo(output)}addLog("文件下载完成: ${file.absolutePath}")} else {addLog("下载失败: 响应体为空")}} catch (e: Exception) {addLog("保存文件出错: ${e.message}")} finally {progressBar.visibility = ProgressBar.GONE}}})}private fun addLog(message: String) {runOnUiThread {tvLogs.append("$message\n")// 自动滚动到底部val scrollAmount = tvLogs.layout.getLineTop(tvLogs.lineCount) - tvLogs.heighttvLogs.scrollTo(0, if (scrollAmount > 0) scrollAmount else 0)}}override fun onDestroy() {super.onDestroy()// 清理所有网络资源OkHttpClientManager.cleanup()}
}

多客户端配置说明

1. 长连接客户端 (WebSocket)

• 配置特点:

  • 心跳机制 (20秒间隔)

  • 无读写超时限制

  • 专用连接池 (2个连接/10分钟)

  • 自定义设备ID头部

• 适用场景:

  • 实时硬件控制指令

  • 设备状态监控

  • 即时消息推送

2. 普通HTTP客户端

• 配置特点:

  • 15秒超时设置

  • 认证拦截器 (Bearer Token)

  • 日志记录

  • 标准连接池 (5个连接/5分钟)

• 适用场景:

  • RESTful API请求

  • 数据获取与提交

  • 常规网络操作

3. 文件下载客户端

• 配置特点:

  • 长超时设置 (5分钟)

  • 进度监听拦截器

  • 大文件下载优化

  • 专用连接池 (3个连接/10分钟)

• 适用场景:

  • 大文件下载

  • 固件升级包下载

  • 媒体文件传输

设计优势

1. 资源隔离：每个客户端使用独立的连接池和线程池，避免相互干扰

2. 性能优化：针对不同场景优化超时和连接参数

3. 生命周期管理：统一清理机制防止资源泄漏

4. 可扩展性：通过拦截器机制灵活添加功能

5. 进度反馈：文件下载提供实时进度更新

6. 错误处理：完善的异常处理机制

使用建议

1. 长连接管理：

   • 在Activity的onResume中启动连接

   • 在onPause中关闭连接以节省资源

   • 实现自动重连机制

2. 文件下载：

   • 添加断点续传功能

   • 支持后台下载服务

   • 添加下载队列管理

3. 安全增强：

   • 为硬件通信添加SSL/TLS加密

   • 实现证书锁定 (Certificate Pinning)

   • 添加请求签名验证

这个解决方案提供了完整的多种客户端管理实现，能够满足Android应用中与硬件通信、API请求和文件下载等多种网络需求。