2026 年阿里云对象存储OSS超详细教程：功能全解与一步一步上手流程（新手小白也能立刻上手）

一阿里云OSS简介阿里云对象存储 OSS简单说就是一个安全、稳定、无限扩容的云端 “大网盘”专门用来存放各种文件。它可以存图片、视频、文档、安装包、备份数据等不占本地硬盘随存随取。相比普通网盘它更适合企业和网站使用能支撑高并发访问比如 APP 头像、商品图、短视频加载多人同时访问也不卡顿传输速度快全球节点都能快速下载还自带防盗链、数据加密、备份容灾防止文件丢失或泄露。很多网站、小程序、直播平台都用它存静态资源既省钱又省心不用自己买服务器硬盘维护按实际使用量付费弹性够用。二如何使用阿里云OSS第一步登录阿里云https://www.aliyun.com第二步开通对象存储服务OSS依次点击 “产品” - “对象存储OSS” - “对象存储 OSS控制台” - “立即开通” - “立即购买” - “去支付” - “支付”接下来打开https://www.aliyun.com/product/oss点立即购买选择OSS资源包-》标准-同城冗余存储-》中国内地通用-》100 GB-》立即购买-》支付付款即可第三步创建 Bucket进入OSS管理控制台点击 “Bucket 列表”、“创建 Bucket”自定义 Bucket 名称、添加地域属性距离自己最近点击 “完成创建”进入创建好的 Bucket点击 “权限控制” 下的 “阻止公共访问”确认关闭再点击 “读写权限”设置 “公共读”第四步RAM 申请RAM 是阿里云提供的资源访问控制服务。RAM用户是代表任意的通过控制台或OpenAPI操作阿里云资源的人、系统或应用程序。RAM允许您在云账号下创建并管理多个用户每个用户都有唯一的用户名、登录密码或访问密钥。云账户与RAM用户是一种主子关系。云账户(主账号)1阿里云资源归属、资源使用计量计费的基本主体RAM用户(子账号)1只能存在于某个云账户下的RAM实例中2不拥有资源在被授权操作时所创建的资源归属于主账户3RAM用户不拥有账单被授权操作时所发生的费用也计入主账户账单1新建RAM用户鼠标悬停在右上角的头像上然后进入“AccessKey”点击 “使用 RAM 用户 AccessKey”点击 “创建用户”填写账号信息勾选 “控制台访问” 和 “使用永久AccessKey”自定义密码并无需重置注意创建完成后会得到 AccessKey ID 和 AccessKey Secret一定要保存下来后续会使用到并且出现一次后不会再出现2添加本机系统环境变量“设置” - “编辑系统环境变量” - “环境变量” - “新建系统变量”分别添加 “ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID” 和 “ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET”对应1中保存的值3分配权限本步骤不确定是否对后续结果有影响6个权限也是直接搜索 oss 添加。可跳过若之后出错再考虑添加 !点击 “添加权限”第五步Java 项目文件上传点击 “SDK下载”再点击 “Java” 旁边的小图标“文档中心打开”进入页面后下划到底部点击 “安装”1添加本机环境变量“OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID”、“OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET” 即 RAM 的 ID 和 密码方式 1方式 22导入依赖进入自定义项目的 pom.xml 文件3新建 java文件ResultDTO.javaimport lombok.Getter; Getter public class ResultDTO { private final int code; // 状态码0表示成功 private final String msg; // 消息说明 private final Object data; // 返回数据如 URL private ResultDTO(int code, String msg, Object data) { this.code code; this.msg msg; this.data data; } public static ResultDTO success(String url) { return new ResultDTO(0, success, url); } }AliOSSUtil.javaimport com.aliyun.oss.*; import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*; import com.aliyun.oss.common.comm.SignVersion; import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest; import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; public class AliOSSUtil { // bucket概述访问端口-外网访问-Endpoint地域节点 private static final String ENDPOINT https://oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com; // 密钥 private static final String ACCESS_KEY_ID your_AccessKey_ID; private static final String ACCESS_KEY_SECRET your_AccessKey_Secret; // bucket概述存储空间名称 private static final String BUCKET_NAME your_ducket_name; // objectName: 图片名称(包含后缀), in: 输入流 public static String uploadFile(String objectName, InputStream in) { // 创建OSSClient实例。 OSS ossClient new OSSClientBuilder().build(ENDPOINT,ACCESS_KEY_ID,ACCESS_KEY_SECRET); // 返回OSS图片地址 String url ; try { // 创建PutObjectRequest对象。 PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest new PutObjectRequest(BUCKET_NAME, objectName, in); // 创建PutObject请求。 PutObjectResult result ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest); // 文件上传成功后外网访问地址。 示例: https://bucket-yangyang-one.oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/1.png url https:// BUCKET_NAME . ENDPOINT.substring(ENDPOINT.lastIndexOf(/)1) / objectName; } catch (OSSException oe) { System.out.println(Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, but was rejected with an error response for some reason.); System.out.println(Error Message: oe.getErrorMessage()); System.out.println(Error Code: oe.getErrorCode()); System.out.println(Request ID: oe.getRequestId()); System.out.println(Host ID: oe.getHostId()); } catch (ClientException ce) { System.out.println(Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, such as not being able to access the network.); System.out.println(Error Message: ce.getMessage()); } finally { if (ossClient ! null) { ossClient.shutdown(); } } return url; } }FileUploadController.javaimport cn.edu.ldu.dto.ResultDTO; import cn.edu.ldu.utils.AliOSSUtil; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.UUID; RestController RequestMapping(value /file) public class FileUploadController { RequestMapping(method RequestMethod.POST, value /upload) public ResultDTO upload(MultipartFile file) throws IOException { String originalFilename file.getOriginalFilename(); String originalFileType originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf(.)); String filename UUID.randomUUID() originalFileType; String url AliOSSUtil.uploadFile(filename, file.getInputStream()); return ResultDTO.success(url); } }4调试运行代码使用 Postman 进行调试成功上传图片文件第六步PHP 项目文件上传1系统环境要求PHP 5.3及以上版本cURL扩展支持2快速安装方法使用Composer安装推荐在项目根目录下运行以下命令composer require aliyuncs/oss-sdk-php手动安装方式下载SDK源代码后在代码中引入autoload.php文件require_once /path/to/oss-sdk/autoload.php;3初始化客户端首先你需要你的阿里云账号的Access Key ID和Access Key Secret。接下来初始化OssClient对象use OSS\OssClient; $accessKeyId your_access_key_id; $accessKeySecret your_access_key_secret; $endpoint http://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com; // 替换为实际的OSS endpoint $bucketName your_bucket_name; $client new OssClient($accessKeyId, $accessKeySecret, $endpoint);4创建存储桶$bucketName my-test-bucket; try { $ossClient-createBucket($bucketName); echo 存储桶创建成功; } catch (OssException $e) { echo 创建失败 . $e-getMessage(); }5上传文件到OSS$objectName example.txt; $content Hello, Alibaba Cloud OSS!; try { $ossClient-putObject($bucketName, $objectName, $content); echo 文件上传成功; } catch (OssException $e) { echo 上传失败 . $e-getMessage(); }6下载文件$key file.txt; $saveAsFile /path/to/save/file.txt; $result $client-getOssUrl($bucketName, $key); file_put_contents($saveAsFile, file_get_contents($result));第七步Python 项目文件上传1环境准备与安装在使用Python操作OSS前需安装官方提供的SDKpip install oss2安装完成后需准备阿里云访问密钥AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret以及目标Bucket所在的地域Endpoint。2初始化OSS客户端使用oss2库连接OSS服务需创建Auth认证对象和Bucket实例import oss2 # 替换为实际的AccessKey信息 auth oss2.Auth(your-access-key-id, your-access-key-secret) bucket oss2.Bucket(auth, https://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com, your-bucket-name)上述代码中auth用于身份验证bucket代表操作的目标存储空间。3单文件上传处理import alibabacloud_oss_v2 as oss # 配置 accessKeyId *************** accessKeySecret ######### customRegion cn-%%%%%% customeBucket # 配置静态访问凭证生产环境不推荐硬编码 static_cred oss.credentials.StaticCredentialsProvider( access_key_idaccessKeyId, access_key_secretaccessKeySecret, ) def init_client(): cfg oss.config.load_default() cfg.credentials_provider static_cred cfg.region customRegion return oss.Client(cfg) def multi_upload(files_map): :param files_map: 字典类型 { 目标object路径: 本地文件绝对路径 } client init_client() uploader client.uploader() for obj_key, local_path in files_map.items(): try: request oss.PutObjectRequest(bucketcustomeBucket, keyobj_key) result uploader.upload_file( request, filepathlocal_path, part_size10 * 1024 * 1024, # 分片大小10MB part_num3, # 并发分片数 ) print(f文件 {local_path} 上传成功ETag: {result.etag}) except oss as e: print(f上传失败{e.message}) if __name__ __main__: # 定义多文件映射目标路径:本地路径 file_mapping { sunwukongtest/index.html: C:/Users/57307/Desktop/Test/TestHtml/index.html, sunwukongtest/index1.html: C:/Users/57307/Desktop/Test/TestHtml/index1.html, sunwukongtest/index2.html: C:/Users/57307/Desktop/Test/TestHtml/index2.html, sunwukongtest/index3.html: C:/Users/57307/Desktop/Test/TestHtml/index3.html, sunwukongtest/index4.html: C:/Users/57307/Desktop/Test/TestHtml/index4.html, } multi_upload(file_mapping)4分片上传import os import alibabacloud_oss_v2 as oss # 配置 accessKeyId *************** accessKeySecret ######### customRegion cn-%%%%%% customeBucket # 配置静态访问凭证生产环境不推荐硬编码 static_cred oss.credentials.StaticCredentialsProvider( access_key_idaccessKeyId, access_key_secretaccessKeySecret, ) def init_client(): cfg oss.config.load_default() cfg.credentials_provider static_cred cfg.region customRegion return oss.Client(cfg) def multi_upload(files_map): :param files_map: 字典类型 { 目标object路径: 本地文件绝对路径 } client init_client() for obj_key, local_path in files_map.items(): # 初始化分片上传请求获取upload_id用于后续分片上传 result client.initiate_multipart_upload( oss.InitiateMultipartUploadRequest( bucketcustomeBucket, keyobj_key, ) ) # 定义每个分片的大小为5MB part_size 5 * 1024 * 1024 # 获取要上传文件的总大小 data_size os.path.getsize(local_path) # 初始化分片编号从1开始 part_number 1 # 存储每个分片上传的结果 upload_parts [] # 打开文件以二进制模式读取 with open(local_path, rb) as f: # 遍历文件按照part_size分片上传 for start in range(0, data_size, part_size): n part_size if start n data_size: # 处理最后一个分片可能小于part_size的情况 n data_size - start # 创建SectionReader来读取文件的特定部分 reader oss.io_utils.SectionReader(oss.io_utils.ReadAtReader(f), start, n) # 上传分片 up_result client.upload_part( oss.UploadPartRequest( bucketcustomeBucket, keyobj_key, upload_idresult.upload_id, part_numberpart_number, bodyreader, ) ) # 打印每个分片上传的结果信息 print( fstatus code: {up_result.status_code}, f request id: {up_result.request_id}, f part number: {part_number}, f content md5: {up_result.content_md5}, f etag: {up_result.etag}, f hash crc64: {up_result.hash_crc64}, ) # 将分片上传结果保存到列表中 upload_parts.append( oss.UploadPart(part_numberpart_number, etagup_result.etag) ) # 增加分片编号 part_number 1 # 对上传的分片按照分片编号排序 parts sorted(upload_parts, keylambda p: p.part_number) # 发送完成分片上传请求合并所有分片为一个完整的对象 result client.complete_multipart_upload( oss.CompleteMultipartUploadRequest( bucketcustomeBucket, keyobj_key, upload_idresult.upload_id, complete_multipart_uploadoss.CompleteMultipartUpload(partsparts), ) ) # 下面的代码是另一种方式通过服务器端列出并合并所有分片数据为一个完整的对象 # 这种方法适用于当您不确定所有分片是否都已成功上传时 # Merge fragmented data into a complete Object through the server-side List method # result client.complete_multipart_upload(oss.CompleteMultipartUploadRequest( # bucketargs.bucket, # keyargs.key, # upload_idresult.upload_id, # complete_allyes # )) # 输出完成分片上传的结果信息 print( fstatus code: {result.status_code}, f request id: {result.request_id}, f bucket: {result.bucket}, f key: {result.key}, f location: {result.location}, f etag: {result.etag}, f encoding type: {result.encoding_type}, f hash crc64: {result.hash_crc64}, f version id: {result.version_id}, ) if __name__ __main__: # 定义多文件映射目标路径:本地路径 file_mapping { sunwukongtest/indx.html: C:/Users/57307/Desktop/Test/TestHtml/index.html, } multi_upload(file_mapping)第八步C# 项目文件上传1安装阿里云 OSS C# SDK首先你需要在项目中引入阿里云 OSS 的 SDK。可以通过 NuGet 来安装阿里云的 OSS 客户端 SDK。在 Visual Studio 中打开 NuGet 包管理器控制台执行以下命令Install-Package Aliyun.OSS.SDK.NetCore2配置阿里云 OSS 客户端要使用 OSS 服务你需要配置AccessKeyId、AccessKeySecret和Endpoint这三个参数是连接到 OSS 服务的必备信息using Aliyun.OSS; using System; class OSSExample { private static string accessKeyId 你的AccessKeyId; private static string accessKeySecret 你的AccessKeySecret; private static string endpoint http://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com; // 区域Endpoint根据实际情况修改 private static string bucketName 你的bucket名称; static void Main(string[] args) { var client new OssClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret); Console.WriteLine(客户端初始化成功); } }3常用操作及参数详解a创建 OSS 客户端对象OssClient client new OssClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);endpoint阿里云 OSS 的域名可以在阿里云控制台获取。accessKeyId和accessKeySecret是你在阿里云控制台创建的密钥用于身份验证。b上传文件到 OSS/// summary /// 上传本地文件到阿里云OSS /// /summary /// param namelocalFilePath本地文件完整路径/param /// param nameossObjectNameOSS中存储的文件路径名称如hnt/20221227171528.jpg/param /// exception crefArgumentNullException参数为空时抛出/exception /// exception crefFileNotFoundException本地文件不存在时抛出/exception public void UploadFileToOss(string localFilePath, string ossObjectName) { // 入参合法性校验 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(localFilePath)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(localFilePath), 本地文件路径不能为空); if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ossObjectName)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ossObjectName), OSS对象名称不能为空); if (!File.Exists(localFilePath)) throw new FileNotFoundException(本地文件不存在, localFilePath); try { // 创建客户端并执行上传 var client CreateOssClient(); client.PutObject(bucketName, ossObjectName, localFilePath); Console.WriteLine($文件上传成功OSS路径{ossObjectName}); } catch (OssException ex) { // 捕获OSS专属异常含错误码便于定位问题 Console.WriteLine($OSS上传异常错误码{ex.ErrorCode}错误信息{ex.Message}); throw; // 抛出异常让上层处理 } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($文件上传失败{ex.Message}); throw; } }bucketName目标存储空间名称。objectName文件在 OSS 中的对象名称。localFile本地文件路径。c下载文件/// summary /// 从阿里云OSS下载文件到本地 /// /summary /// param nameossObjectNameOSS中的文件路径名称/param /// param namelocalSavePath本地保存的完整路径/param /// exception crefArgumentNullException参数为空时抛出/exception public void DownloadFileFromOss(string ossObjectName, string localSavePath) { // 入参合法性校验 if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ossObjectName)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ossObjectName), OSS对象名称不能为空); if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(localSavePath)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(localSavePath), 本地保存路径不能为空); try { var client CreateOssClient(); // 自动创建下载目录避免目录不存在导致失败 string saveDirectory Path.GetDirectoryName(localSavePath); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(saveDirectory) !Directory.Exists(saveDirectory)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(saveDirectory); } // 构建下载请求并写入本地文件流 var getRequest new GetObjectRequest(bucketName, ossObjectName); using (var localFileStream File.OpenWrite(localSavePath)) { client.GetObject(getRequest, localFileStream); } Console.WriteLine($文件下载成功本地路径{localSavePath}); } catch (OssException ex) { Console.WriteLine($OSS下载异常错误码{ex.ErrorCode}错误信息{ex.Message}); throw; } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($文件下载失败{ex.Message}); throw; } }通过指定 OSS 中的对象名来下载文件。d删除文件/// summary /// 删除阿里云OSS中的指定文件 /// /summary /// param nameossObjectNameOSS中的文件路径名称/param /// exception crefArgumentNullException参数为空时抛出/exception public void DeleteFileFromOss(string ossObjectName) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ossObjectName)) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ossObjectName), OSS对象名称不能为空); try { var client CreateOssClient(); client.DeleteObject(bucketName, ossObjectName); Console.WriteLine($文件删除成功OSS路径{ossObjectName}); } catch (OssException ex) { Console.WriteLine($OSS删除异常错误码{ex.ErrorCode}错误信息{ex.Message}); throw; } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($文件删除失败{ex.Message}); throw; } }e列举文件/// summary /// 获取OSS指定前缀目录下的文件列表 /// /summary /// param nameprefix文件前缀/目录名如hnt/空则查询整个Bucket/param /// param nameisRecursive是否递归查询子目录true递归false仅当前目录/param /// param namemaxKeys返回的最大文件数量默认1000最大不超过1000/param /// returns文件名称列表完整OSS路径/returns /// exception crefArgumentOutOfRangeExceptionmaxKeys≤0或1000时抛出/exception public Liststring ListFilesInOss(string prefix , bool isRecursive false, int maxKeys 1000) { // 入参校验maxKeys需在1-1000之间OSS接口限制 if (maxKeys 0 || maxKeys 1000) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(maxKeys), 最大返回数量需在1-1000之间); try { var client CreateOssClient(); var listRequest new ListObjectsRequest(bucketName) { Prefix prefix ?? , // 前缀目录为空则查全部 Delimiter isRecursive ? null : /, // 非递归时用/分隔目录仅返回当前层级 MaxKeys maxKeys // 最大返回数量 }; // 执行列表查询 var listResult client.ListObjects(listRequest); var fileList new Liststring(); // 遍历结果收集文件名称排除目录占位符 foreach (var objectSummary in listResult.ObjectSummaries) { // 过滤掉目录本身以/结尾的是目录不是文件 if (!objectSummary.Key.EndsWith(/)) { fileList.Add(objectSummary.Key); } } Console.WriteLine($获取文件列表成功前缀{prefix}数量{fileList.Count}); return fileList; } catch (OssException ex) { Console.WriteLine($OSS获取列表异常错误码{ex.ErrorCode}错误信息{ex.Message}); throw; } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($获取文件列表失败{ex.Message}); throw; } }