Java、Python、NodeJS等开发环境安装及配置镜像加速到国内源

文章目录Java1.我应该用哪个版本的JDK1.1 版本推荐1.2 发行版推荐1.3 下载JDK1.4 ubuntu版本1.5 JDK镜像选择2.Windows2.1 scoop方式安装JDK3.Linux3.1 apt方式安装JDK3.1.1 切换JDK3.1.2 验证版本3.1.3 原理Python1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装Python1.2 uv方式安装Python推荐2.Linux2.1 apt方式安装Python2.1.1 配置版本切换2.1.2 切换Python2.1.3 验证版本2.2 uv方式安装Python推荐3.uv方式说明3.1 查看版本列表3.2 初始化项目3.3 添加依赖3.4 查看依赖3.5 同步依赖NodeJS1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装NodeJS1.2 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐2.Linux2.1 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐3.nvm方式说明3.1 安装版本3.2 查看版本列表3.3 切换版本3.4 验证版本配置国内源1.linuxmirrors2.pip国内源3.maven和gradle国内源4.npm5.apt国内源(backup)6.uv国内源Java从图中可以看出下载8/11/17三个版本即可其他版本按需下载。从图中可以看出除了Oracle外Amazon和Eclipse Adoptium都挺好。来源https://newrelic.com/resources/report/2024-state-of-the-java-ecosystem1.我应该用哪个版本的JDKhttps://whichjdk.com/首选Adoptium Eclipse Temurin 21且需确保本地、CI持续集成和生产环境版本一致。1.1 版本推荐JDK VersionTypeRelease DateHighlightsRecommendation8LTS03/2014LambdasLast LTS version under previous release model. Free updates by Oracle ended, but still maintained by others. Upgrade to 21 now!9Feature09/2017ModulesNew release model was introduced. EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!10Feature03/2018varEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!11LTS09/2018New HTTP ClientUpgrade to 21 now!12Feature03/2019EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!13Feature09/2019EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!14Feature03/2020Switch expressionsEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!15Feature09/2020Text blocksEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!16Feature03/2021RecordsEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!17LTS09/2021Sealed ClassesIt’s time to upgrade to 21.18Feature03/2022UTF-8 by DefaultEOL. Upgrade to 21 now!19Feature09/2022EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!20Feature03/2023EOL. Upgrade to 21 now!21LTS09/2023Pattern Matching, Virtual ThreadsCurrent LTS version.22Feature03/2024Stick with 21.23Feature09/2024Markdown Documentation CommentsStick with 21.24Feature03/2025Ahead-of-Time Class LoadingStick with 21.1.2 发行版推荐Adoptium Eclipse TemurinEclipse 基金会项目高质量、 vendor-neutral厂商中立、经 TCK 测试支持 LTS强烈推荐。Amazon CorrettoAWS 提供适合在 AWS 的 Amazon Linux 2 上运行推荐。1.3 下载JDKhttps://adoptium.net/zh-CN/temurin/releases?version8osanyarchany1.4 ubuntu版本https://releases.ubuntu.com/Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS (Noble Numbat) ›Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) ›Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa) ›1.5 JDK镜像选择https://hub.docker.com/_/eclipse-temurin2.Windows2.1 scoop方式安装JDKscoopinstalltemurin8-jdk temurin17-jdk temurin21-jdk# 不建议scoopinstallcorretto8-jdk corretto17-jdk corretto21-jdk3.Linux3.1 apt方式安装JDKaptinstallsoftware-properties-common-yaptinstallopenjdk-8-jdk openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-17-jdk openjdk-21-jdk-y3.1.1 切换JDKupdate-alternatives--configjava3.1.2 验证版本java-version3.1.3 原理# 入口: /usr/bin/java - /etc/alternatives/java*ll /usr/bin/java# 切换 /etc/alternatives/java - /usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64/bin/java*ll /etc/alternatives/java# 版本目录/usr/lib/jvmll /usr/lib/jvmPython1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装Pythonscoopinstallpython38 python39 python310 python311 python312 python313 python3141.2 uv方式安装Python推荐scoopinstalluv2.Linux2.1 apt方式安装Pythonaptinstallsoftware-properties-common-yadd-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppaaptinstallpython{3.7,3.8,3.9,3.10,3.11,3.12,3.13,3.14}-y2.1.1 配置版本切换update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.71update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.72update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.83update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.94update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.105update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.116update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.127update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.138update-alternatives--install/usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.1492.1.2 切换Pythonupdate-alternatives--configpython2.1.3 验证版本python--version2.2 uv方式安装Python推荐curl-LsSfhttps://astral.sh/uv/install.sh|sh或wget-qO- https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh|shinstalling to /home/d/.local/bin uv uvx everythings installed! To add $HOME/.local/bin to your PATH, either restart your shell or run: source $HOME/.local/bin/env (sh, bash, zsh) source $HOME/.local/bin/env.fish (fish)来源https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/3.uv方式说明uv pythoninstallpython3.7 python3.8 python3.9 python3.10 python3.11 python3.12 python3.13 python3.143.1 查看版本列表uv python list3.2 初始化项目uv init3.3 添加依赖uvaddrequests3.4 查看依赖uv tree3.5 同步依赖uvsyncNodeJS1.Windows1.1 scoop方式安装NodeJSscoopinstallnodejs16 nodejs17 nodejs18 nodejs19 nodejs20 nodejs21 nodejs22 nodejs231.2 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐scoopinstallnvm2.Linux2.1 nvm方式安装NodeJS推荐curl-o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.3/install.sh|bash或wget-qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.3/install.sh|bash Appending nvm source string to /home/d/.zshrc Appending bash_completion source string to /home/d/.zshrc Close and reopen your terminal to start using nvm or run the following to use it now: export NVM_DIR$HOME/.nvm [ -s $NVM_DIR/nvm.sh ] \. $NVM_DIR/nvm.sh # This loads nvm [ -s $NVM_DIR/bash_completion ] \. $NVM_DIR/bash_completion # This loads nvm bash_completion来源https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm?tabreadme-ov-file#install–update-script3.nvm方式说明3.1 安装版本nvminstall23nvminstall22nvminstall21nvminstall20nvminstall19nvminstall18nvminstall17nvminstall163.2 查看版本列表nvm list3.3 切换版本nvm use233.4 验证版本node-v配置国内源1.linuxmirrorshttps://linuxmirrors.cn/giteebash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)defaultbash(curl-sSLhttps://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh)githubbash(curl-sSLhttps://raw.githubusercontent.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)auto推荐https://github.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/blob/main/docs/use/index.mdbash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)\--sourcemirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\--protocolhttp\--use-intranet-sourcefalse\--install-epeltrue\--backuptrue\--upgrade-softwarefalse\--clean-cachefalse\--ignore-backup-tipsaliyun会报错应该是请求太大被封了https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntubash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)\--sourcemirrors.aliyun.com\--protocolhttp\--use-intranet-sourcefalse\--install-epeltrue\--backupfalse\--upgrade-softwarefalse\--clean-cachefalse\--ignore-backup-tips# 403 Forbidden You dont have permission to access the URL on this server. denied by IP ACL blacklist --- Powered by Tengine CDN Request Id: 7c5fbe2b17549643434472542etencent不支持pvehttps://mirrors.tencent.com/proxmox/debian/pvebash(curl-sSLhttps://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh)\--sourcemirrors.tencent.com\--protocolhttp\--use-intranet-sourcefalse\--install-epeltrue\--backupfalse\--upgrade-softwarefalse\--clean-cachefalse\--ignore-backup-tipsE: The repository http://mirrors.tencent.com/proxmox/debian/pve bookworm Release does not have a Release file.2.pip国内源清华贼快推荐https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/pypi/腾讯备用https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/阿里贼慢还缺包https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi豆瓣重定向到腾讯https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/python-mpipinstall-ihttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple--upgradepip pip configsetglobal.index-url https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ pip configsetglobal.extra-index-urlhttps://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple# 阿里有时候缺包 (venv) dd:~/SourceCode/test-gpu$ pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi Looking in indexes: https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement torch (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for torch # 豆瓣重定向到腾讯了 (venv) dd:~/SourceCode/test-gpu$ pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ Looking in indexes: https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ Collecting torch Downloading https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/packages/d1/35/e8b2daf02ce933e4518e6f5682c72fd0ed66c15910ea1fb4168f442b71c4/torch-2.5.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (906.5 MB)3.maven和gradle国内源参考https://developer.aliyun.com/mvn/guide.m2/settings.xmlmirrorsmirroridaliyunmaven/idmirrorOfcentral/mirrorOfname阿里云公共仓库/nameurlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public/url/mirrormirroridpentaho-public/idnamePentaho Public/namemirrorOf*/mirrorOfurlhttp://nexus.pentaho.org/content/groups/omni//url/mirror/mirrors\init.d\init.gradleallprojects{repositories{mavenLocal()maven{nameAlibaba;urlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public}mavenCentral()}buildscript{repositories{maven{nameAlibaba;urlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public}}}}4.npm#npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.orgnpmconfigsetregistry https://registry.npmmirror.comnpmupdate5.apt国内源(backup)#--quiet#-O filewget-qO- https://gitee.com/duhongming/shell-script/raw/master/mirrors/apt-sources.sh|bash6.uv国内源cat~/.config/uv/uv.toml[pip]index-urlhttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/extra-index-url[https://pypi.org/simple]