ubuntu安装MySQL8.4 LTS

清华大学镜像库连接清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror一、更新ubuntu索引包# 更新包索引必做 sudo apt update # 升级现有包可选推荐 sudo apt upgrade -y二、使用清华大学的镜像源安装1、导入秘钥# 下载最新的 2025 版密钥 wget -O /tmp/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2025 https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2025 # 导入到系统信任目录 sudo gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/mysql-archive-keyring.gpg --import /tmp/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-20252、配置MySQL镜像源sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list EOF deb [signed-by/usr/share/keyrings/mysql-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/apt/ubuntu jammy mysql-8.4-lts EOF3、更新源并安装#更新源 apt update # 安装 apt install -y mysql-community-server1、执行安装命令后提示修改root密码注填入你的密码回车即可弹出密码确认界面输入上一步的密码即可2、执行命令查看版本mysql --version4、修改配置文件# 立刻停止服务 systemctl stop mysql停止服务后清空数据目录rm -rf /var/lib/mysql mkdir /var/lib/mysql chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql chmod 700 /var/lib/mysql查看MySQL配置文件信息# 切换到MySQL配置文件目录 cd /etc/mysql # 打开注配置文件 vim my.cnf可以看到如下配置MySQL在启动时会加载如下两个文件夹里面配置信息切换到/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d目录打开mysqld.cnf配置文件可以看到如下信息注以上信息可以修改但不建议若非要修改里面所添加的路径必须要有mysql用户读写权限且必须保证有该目录可以自行添加配置其他配置查询mysql官网即可[mysqld] # mysql端口 port3306 pid-file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock datadir /var/lib/mysql log-error /var/log/mysql/error.log # 大小写不敏感 lower_case_table_names1 # 字符集 character-set-serverutf8mb4 collation-serverutf8mb4_unicode_ci # 连接与并发 max_connections1000 wait_timeout86400 interactive_timeout86400 # 远程访问127.0.0.1为拒绝远程访问只本机访问多个ip访问配置 0.0.0.0即可 bind-address0.0.0.0 # 模式 sql_modeNO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES三、启动连接mysql1、mysql常用命令# 启动mysql systemctl start mysql # 查看状态 systemctl status mysql # 停止mysql systemctl stop mysql # 重启 syetemctl restart mysql # 登录mysql mysql -u root -p //输入你的密码即可 # 查看所有数据库 show databases; # 切换数据库 use mysql; # 查看数据库表列表 show tables;2.外部服务访问配置mysql select host,user from user; #查看当前数据库所有用户 ----------------------------- | host | user | ----------------------------- | localhost | root | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | | localhost | mysql.session | | localhost | mysql.sys | ----------------------------- 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql update user set host % where user root; # 修改用户名为root的host为% mysql FLUSH PRIVILEGES; # 刷新权限 mysql select host,user from user; # 查看修改结果 ----------------------------- | host | user | ----------------------------- | % | root | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | | localhost | mysql.session | | localhost | mysql.sys | -----------------------------3.以上配置完成后通过外部服务进行访问即可若报以下错误#切换到mysql库 use mysql; # 查看root账户当前认证方式和密码配置情况 SELECT user, host, plugin, authentication_string FROM mysql.user WHERE userroot; ------------------------------------------------ | user | host | plugin | authentication_string | ------------------------------------------------ | root | % | auth_socket | | ------------------------------------------------ # 执行如下命令 # 将认证方式改为 caching_sha2_password 并设置密码 ALTER USER root% IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 你的密码; # 再次查看 SELECT user, host, plugin, authentication_string FROM mysql.user WHERE userroot; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | user | host | plugin | authentication_string | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | root | % | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$e 5 sITsC\kTUF-)/4OcSIaDUpxKGlP79B4TgymEJABlr5M5u7xSX1BitP5 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 然后可以进行远程连接了