Linux安装配置Tomcat保姆级教程：从部署到性能调优

Linux服务器Tomcat安装及配置教程演示环境说明系统Debian 12 Linux内存2GJAVA17.0.17一、安装JDK# Debian/Ubuntuaptupdateaptinstallopenjdk-17-jdk-y# 验证java-version二、Tomcat 安装与基础部署1.下载并解压Tomcatwgethttps://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-11/v11.0.21/bin/apache-tomcat-11.0.21.tar.gztar-zxvfapache-tomcat-11.0.21.tar.gzmvapache-tomcat-11.0.21 /usr/local/tomcat2.启动Tomcat默认运行在8080端口# 先加执行权限chmodx ./*.sh# 启动./startup.sh# 停止./shutdown.sh3.验证是否启动成功curlhttp://localhost:8080成功返回HTML内容三、部署项目进行验证1.创建一个简单的Java web项目进行测试项目目录结构示例:tomcat-test/ ├─ index.jsp └─ WEB-INF/ └─ web.xml2.index.jsp首页JavaHTML% page contentTypetext/html;charsetUTF-8 languagejava % html head titleTomcat 测试/title /head body h2✅ Tomcat 部署成功/h2 p服务器时间% new java.util.Date() %/p pJSP 运行正常 | Java Web 环境没问题/p /body /html3.WEB-INF/web.xml必需配置文件?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?web-appxmlnshttp://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaeexmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexsi:schemaLocationhttp://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsdversion4.0display-nameTomcatTestDemo/display-namewelcome-file-listwelcome-fileindex.jsp/welcome-file/welcome-file-list/web-app4.部署把整个tomcat-test文件夹上传到服务器apache-tomcat-11.0.21/webapps目录下5.重启Tomcat./shutdown.sh ./startup.sh6.访问测试curlhttp://localhost:8080/tomcat-test/四、性能调优1.JVM 内存优化创建并编辑/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-11.0.21/bin/setenv.sh#!/bin/bashJAVA_OPTS-serverJAVA_OPTS$JAVA_OPTS-Xms512m -Xmx1g# 堆内存初始 512M最大 1G不抢占系统资源JAVA_OPTS$JAVA_OPTS-XX:MetaspaceSize128m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize256m# 元空间配置JAVA_OPTS$JAVA_OPTS-XX:UseG1GC# G1 垃圾回收低延迟JAVA_OPTS$JAVA_OPTS-Dfile.encodingUTF-8# 解决乱码exportJAVA_OPTS赋予执行权限chmodx ./setenv.sh2.连接器线程池优化编辑/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml替换默认 ConnectorConnectorport8080protocolorg.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2ProtocolmaxThreads150minSpareThreads30maxConnections8000acceptCount80connectionTimeout20000keepAliveTimeout15000compressiononcompressionMinSize1024compressableMimeTypetext/html,text/css,application/javascript,application/jsonredirectPort8443/3.WEB.XML 静态资源缓存优化编辑/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-11.0.21/conf/web.xml找到defaultservlet添加init-paramparam-namecached/param-nameparam-valuetrue/param-value/init-paraminit-paramparam-namecacheMaxSize/param-nameparam-value10240/param-value/init-param五、Tomcat管理后台配置1.配置管理员账号编辑/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-11.0.21/conf/tomcat-users.xml在/tomcat-users前添加rolerolenamemanager-gui/rolerolenamemanager-status/userusernameadminpassword123456rolesmanager-gui,manager-status/#管理员账号admin密码1234562.开放远程访问控制方便测试编辑/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-11.0.21/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xmlContextantiResourceLockingfalseprivilegedtrueignoreAnnotationstrueCookieProcessorclassNameorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessorsameSiteCookiesstrict/!-- 允许所有IP访问 --ValveclassNameorg.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValveallow.*/ManagersessionAttributeValueClassNameFilterjava\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap//Context同步修改 host-manager 配置cp/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-11.0.21/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-11.0.21/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml六、查看Tomcat后台状态1.登录后台访问地址http://你的服务器IP:8080/ 账号admin密码1234562.查看刚才部署的JAVA项目状态在【应用程序列表】可以看到Tomcat运行的所有Java项目3.查看配置的性能优化可以直接访问http://你的服务器IP:8080/manager/status/all