【MATLAB绘图】三维曲面与二维映射组合图绘制，进阶教程与代码示例

文章目录基础示例s u r f surfsurf 三向等高线投影进阶示例剖面切割 自定义配色高级示例2×2 多子图组合常见问题与技巧基础示例s u r f surfsurf 三向等高线投影%% 示例1三维曲面 XY/XZ/YZ 三方向投影clc;clear;close all;rng(0);%% 生成数据[X,Y]meshgrid(linspace(-3,3,80));Zpeaks(X,Y);% MATLAB内置peaks函数经典测试曲面%% 基本范围xMinmin(X(:));xMaxmax(X(:));yMinmin(Y(:));yMaxmax(Y(:));zMinmin(Z(:));zMaxmax(Z(:));% 三个投影平面的位置zPlanezMin-1.5;% XY底面投影位置yPlaneyMax0.8;% XZ侧面投影位置xPlanexMin-0.8;% YZ侧面投影位置%% 创建图窗figure(Color,w,Position,[100,100,900,700]);axaxes;hold(ax,on);%% 绘制三维曲面主体hSurfsurf(ax,X,Y,Z,...EdgeColor,none,...FaceAlpha,0.88);colormap(ax,parula);%% XY底面投影surf(ax,X,Y,zPlane*ones(size(Z)),Z,...EdgeColor,none,...FaceAlpha,0.85);%% XZ侧面投影% 将曲面沿Y方向投影到 y yPlane 的侧面surf(ax,X,yPlane*ones(size(Y)),Z,Z,...EdgeColor,none,...FaceAlpha,0.75);%% YZ侧面投影% 将曲面沿X方向投影到 x xPlane 的侧面surf(ax,xPlane*ones(size(X)),Y,Z,Z,...EdgeColor,none,...FaceAlpha,0.75);%% 叠加三向等高线投影levelNum14;levelslinspace(zMin,zMax,levelNum);% 使用 contourc 获取二维等高线数据Ccontourc(X(1,:),Y(:,1),Z,levels);k1;whileksize(C,2)levelValueC(1,k);% 当前等高线对应的Z值pointNumC(2,k);% 当前等高线点数idxk1:kpointNum;xLineC(1,idx);yLineC(2,idx);% XY底面等高线投影plot3(ax,xLine,yLine,zPlane*ones(size(xLine)),...k-,LineWidth,0.45);% XZ侧面等高线投影plot3(ax,xLine,yPlane*ones(size(xLine)),levelValue*ones(size(xLine)),...k-,LineWidth,0.45);% YZ侧面等高线投影plot3(ax,xPlane*ones(size(yLine)),yLine,levelValue*ones(size(yLine)),...k-,LineWidth,0.45);kkpointNum1;end%% 光照设置lighting gouraud;material([0.3,0.7,0.4,10,0.3]);light(Position,[3,-3,6],Style,infinite);%% 坐标轴与外观colorbar(Location,eastoutside);xlabel(X 轴,FontSize,11,FontWeight,bold);ylabel(Y 轴,FontSize,11,FontWeight,bold);zlabel(Z 值,FontSize,11,FontWeight,bold);title(三维曲面 三向等高线投影,...FontSize,13,...FontWeight,bold);view([-38,28]);xlim([xPlane,xMax]);ylim([yMin,yPlane]);zlim([zPlane,zMax]);grid on;box on;set(ax,...FontSize,10,...LineWidth,1.0,...GridAlpha,0.25,...Projection,perspective);%% 添加说明文字text(xMax,yPlane,zMax,XZ投影,...FontSize,10,...FontWeight,bold,...HorizontalAlignment,right);text(xPlane,yMin,zMax,YZ投影,...FontSize,10,...FontWeight,bold);text(xMax,yMin,zPlane,XY投影,...FontSize,10,...FontWeight,bold);关键函数速查功能函数 / 参数底面投影contourf(..., ZLocation, zMin)侧面投影contour(..., YLocation, yMax)去除网格线surf(..., EdgeColor, none)透明度surf(..., FaceAlpha, 0.85)光照模型lighting gouraudlight(...)进阶示例剖面切割 自定义配色%% 示例2三维曲面 剖面线切割 渐变配色clc;clear;close all;rng(0);[X,Y]meshgrid(linspace(-4,4,100));Zsin(sqrt(X.^2Y.^2))./(sqrt(X.^2Y.^2)0.5);% 径向sinc函数figure(Color,w,Position,[100,80,1000,720]);% --- ① 主曲面 ---axaxes(Position,[0.08,0.12,0.78,0.80]);hold on;hSurfsurf(X,Y,Z);hSurf.EdgeColornone;hSurf.FaceAlpha0.82;% 自定义颜色映射蓝→绿→黄→红nColors256;cmap[linspace(0.0,0.9,nColors),...linspace(0.4,0.9,nColors),...linspace(0.9,0.1,nColors)];colormap(ax,cmap);% --- ② 底面等高线填充 ---zFloormin(Z(:))-0.15;[~,hC]contourf(X,Y,Z,20,ZLocation,zFloor);hC.LineColornone;% --- ③ X0 和 Y0 两个剖切平面 ---% X0 剖面xSlice0;[~,ix]min(abs(X(1,:)-xSlice));zSlice_xZ(:,ix);ySliceY(:,ix);fill3(xSlice*ones(size(ySlice)),ySlice,zSlice_x,...zSlice_x,EdgeColor,none,FaceAlpha,0.6);% 着色剖面% 剖面轮廓线白色加粗plot3(xSlice*ones(size(ySlice)),ySlice,zSlice_x,...w-,LineWidth,1.8);% Y0 剖面ySlice20;[~,iy]min(abs(Y(:,1)-ySlice2));zSlice_yZ(iy,:);xSlice_vX(iy,:);fill3(xSlice_v,ySlice2*ones(size(xSlice_v)),zSlice_y,...zSlice_y,EdgeColor,none,FaceAlpha,0.6);plot3(xSlice_v,ySlice2*ones(size(xSlice_v)),zSlice_y,...w-,LineWidth,1.8);% --- ④ 光照 ---lighting phong;material([0.25,0.75,0.5,12,0.2]);light(Position,[5,5,10]);light(Position,[-5,-5,5],Color,[0.4,0.4,0.6]);% 补光% --- ⑤ 外观 ---cbcolorbar(Location,eastoutside);cb.Label.StringZ 值;cb.Label.FontSize10;xlabel(X,FontSize,11);ylabel(Y,FontSize,11);zlabel(Z,FontSize,11);title(径向 sinc 曲面 剖面切割,FontSize,13,FontWeight,bold);view([-42,32]);axis tight;xlim([-4.5,4.5]);ylim([-4.5,4.5]);grid on;高级示例2×2 多子图组合%% 示例3同一数据四种视角/映射方式并列clc;clear;close all;rng(0);[X,Y]meshgrid(linspace(-3,3,70));Zpeaks(X,Y);zMinmin(Z(:));zMaxmax(Z(:));figure(Color,w,Position,[80,60,1100,850]);tltiledlayout(2,2,TileSpacing,compact,Padding,compact);title(tl,三维曲面多角度映射组合,FontSize,14,FontWeight,bold);% ---------- 子图①经典斜视图 ----------ax1nexttile;surf(X,Y,Z,EdgeColor,none);hold on;contourf(X,Y,Z,16,ZLocation,zMin-1.2);colormap(ax1,parula);lighting gouraud;material dull;light(Position,[3,-3,5]);view(-40,30);axis tight;grid on;title(① 斜视图 底面投影,FontSize,10);% ---------- 子图②俯视图纯等高线映射 ----------ax2nexttile;contourf(X,Y,Z,24);colormap(ax2,cool);colorbar;axis equal tight;title(② 俯视等高线图XY 映射,FontSize,10);xlabel(X);ylabel(Y);% ---------- 子图③透明曲面 等值面示意 ----------ax3nexttile;hSsurf(X,Y,Z);hS.EdgeColornone;hS.FaceAlpha0.55;% 半透明曲面可透视内部colormap(ax3,turbo);hold on;% 叠加网格线稀疏用于透视参考hS2surf(X(1:4:end,1:4:end),Y(1:4:end,1:4:end),Z(1:4:end,1:4:end));hS2.FaceAlpha0;hS2.EdgeColor[0.6,0.6,0.6];hS2.EdgeAlpha0.4;lighting gouraud;light(Position,[0,0,10]);view(-50,28);axis tight;grid on;title(③ 半透明曲面 参考网格,FontSize,10);% ---------- 子图④正射视图三视图风格 ----------ax4nexttile;surf(X,Y,Z,EdgeColor,none);colormap(ax4,hot);hold on;% 添加三向轮廓线xMaxmax(X(:));yMinmin(Y(:));contour3(X,Y,Z,20,LineWidth,0.6,LineColor,[0.30.30.3]);view(0,90);% 完全俯视axis tight;colorbar;title(④ 垂直俯视带高度色彩,FontSize,10);xlabel(X);ylabel(Y);常见问题与技巧① 投影与曲面重叠通过偏移ZLocation值让等高线低于曲面最小值即可contourf(X,Y,Z,ZLocation,min(Z(:))-0.5);② 配色与曲面脱钩多子图中每个axes要单独指定colormap否则会共享最后一次设置colormap(ax1,parula);colormap(ax2,cool);③ 光照没有效果lighting只对surf/patch对象生效必须在light()调用之后才有效surf(...);lighting gouraud;% ← 先设置模型light(Position,[3,3,5]);% ← 再放光源④ 剖面颜色与主曲面一致fill3的第四个参数传入Z ZZ值数组再与主曲面共用同一colormap即可自动对齐颜色。