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Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（二）ETCD集群部署

news 2026/2/10 13:14:36

Kubernetes概述
使用kubeadm快速部署一个k8s集群
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（一）主机准备和负载均衡器安装
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（二）ETCD集群部署
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（三）部署api-server
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（四）部署kubectl和kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（五）kubelet、kube-proxy、Calico、CoreDNS
Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（六）Kubernetes集群节点添加

1. 配置免密登录

在k8s-master1上操作

生成密钥对，把公钥复制到远程主机

ssh-keygen
#直接回车，不设置密码

ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master1
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master2
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master3
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-worker1

ssh root@k8s-master1
#依次此时是否能否正常登录

2 部署ETCD集群

在k8s-master1上操作。

2.1 创建工作目录

mkdir -p /data/k8s-work

2.2 获取cfssl工具

cd /data/k8s-work
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

说明：
cfssl是使用go编写，由CloudFlare开源的一款PKI/TLS工具。主要程序有：- cfssl，是CFSSL的命令行工具
- cfssljson用来从cfssl程序获取JSON输出，并将证书，密钥，CSR和bundle写入文件中。

chmod +x cfssl*

mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

# cfssl version
Version: 1.2.0
Revision: dev
Runtime: go1.6

2.3 创建CA证书

在master1上创建证书

2.3.1 配置ca证书请求文件

在当前目录/data/k8s-work执行

cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{"CN": "kubernetes","key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "kubemsb","OU": "CN"}],"ca": {"expiry": "87600h"}
}
EOF

2.3.2 创建ca证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

2.3.3 配置ca证书策略

cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{"signing": {"default": {"expiry": "87600h"},"profiles": {"kubernetes": {"usages": ["signing","key encipherment","server auth","client auth"],"expiry": "87600h"}}}
}
EOF

server auth 表示client可以对使用该ca对server提供的证书进行验证client auth 表示server可以使用该ca对client提供的证书进行验证

2.4 创建etcd证书

2.4.1 配置etcd请求文件

一般可以部署三台集群，可以是3、5、7、9

cat > etcd-csr.json <<"EOF"
{"CN": "etcd","hosts": ["127.0.0.1","192.168.10.103","192.168.10.104","192.168.10.105"],"key": {"algo": "rsa","size": 2048},"names": [{"C": "CN","ST": "Beijing","L": "Beijing","O": "kubemsb","OU": "CN"}]
}
EOF

2.4.2 生成etcd证书

确保在当前目录有ca-key.pem、ca-config.json、etcd-csr.json文件

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd

# ls
输出
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  etcd.csr  etcd-csr.json  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem

etcd.csr：etcd证书请求文件
etcd-key.pem：私钥
etcd.pem：基于私钥签发的证书

2.5 部署etcd集群

2.5.1 下载etcd软件包

在这里插入图片描述

etcd releases

在这里插入图片描述

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.2/etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.5.2 安装etcd软件

tar -xvf etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -p etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
#-p 保留源文件的权限

2.5.3 分发etcd软件

scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master2:/usr/local/bin/scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master3:/usr/local/bin/

2.5.4 创建配置文件

在三个etcd节点操作

mkdir /etc/etcd

其中地址都是当前主机的ip本身

cat >  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<"EOF"
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.103:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.104:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.105:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

说明：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

2.5.5 创建服务配置文件

mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd

cd /data/k8s-work
cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl

cat > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \--cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \--key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \--peer-client-cert-auth \--client-cert-auth
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.5.6 同步etcd配置到集群其它master节点

创建目录
mkdir -p /etc/etcd
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd

服务配置文件,需要修改etcd节点名称及IP地址
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3
do
scp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf $i:/etc/etcd/
done

k8s-master2:cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.104:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.104:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.104:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.104:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.103:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.104:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.105:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

k8s-master3:cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.105:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.105:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.105:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.105:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.103:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.104:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.105:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

证书文件
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3
do
scp /etc/etcd/ssl/* $i:/etc/etcd/ssl
done

服务启动配置文件
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3
do
scp /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service $i:/etc/systemd/system/
done

2.5.7 启动etcd集群

三台主机全都执行

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd.service  #现在开启并设置开机自启
systemctl status etcd

2.5.8 验证集群状态

ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.10.103:2379,https://192.168.10.104:2379,https://192.168.10.105:2379 endpoint health

在这里插入图片描述

+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT           | HEALTH |    TOOK    | ERROR |
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+
| https://192.168.10.103:2379 |   true | 6.961777ms |       |
| https://192.168.10.105:2379 |   true | 6.594067ms |       |
| https://192.168.10.104:2379 |   true | 6.835899ms |       |
+-----------------------------+--------+------------+-------+

耗时较长的话可以做一些优化工作

1. 配置免密登录

2 部署ETCD集群

2.1 创建工作目录

2.2 获取cfssl工具

2.3 创建CA证书

2.3.1 配置ca证书请求文件

2.3.2 创建ca证书

2.3.3 配置ca证书策略

2.4 创建etcd证书

2.4.1 配置etcd请求文件

2.4.2 生成etcd证书

2.5 部署etcd集群

2.5.1 下载etcd软件包

2.5.2 安装etcd软件

2.5.3 分发etcd软件

2.5.4 创建配置文件

2.5.5 创建服务配置文件

2.5.6 同步etcd配置到集群其它master节点

2.5.7 启动etcd集群

2.5.8 验证集群状态

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