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How to deal with document-oriented data

news 2026/5/17 8:28:44

Schema design
Data models for e-commerce
Nuts and bolts of databases, collection, and documents.

Principles of schema design

What are your application access pattern?
What's the basic unit of data? the basic unit of data is the BSON document
What are the capabilities of your database?
What makes a good unique id or primary key for a record?

Designing an e-commerce data model

[root@DBAMAXWELL ~]# vi user_actions.rb
require 'mongo'
VIEW_PRODUCT = 0 # action type constants
ADD_TO_CART = 1
CHECKOUT = 2
PURCHASE = 3
client = Mongo::Client.new([ '127.0.0.1:27017' ], :database => 'garden')
client[:user_actions].drop
actions = client[:user_actions, :capped => true, :size => 16384]
actions.create
500.times do |n| # loop 500 times, using n as the iterator
doc = {
:username => "kbanker",
:action_code => rand(4), # random value between 0 and 3, inclusive
:time => Time.now.utc,
:n => n
}
actions.insert_one(doc)
end
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"user_actions.rb" [New] 18L, 508C written
[root@DBAMAXWELL ~]# chmod 775 user_actions.rb
[root@DBAMAXWELL ~]# ruby user_actions.rb
[root@DBAMAXWELL ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version v4.4.13
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("b9c56822-9b9a-4d7b-8a11-1e9b31be1f7b") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.13
---
The server generated these startup warnings when booting:
2022-03-23T23:33:56.417+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
---
---
Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).

The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.

To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
---
> use garden
switched to db garden
> db.user_actions.count()
199
> db.user_actions.find().pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33434"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 0,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.193Z"),
"n" : 301
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33435"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 2,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.195Z"),
"n" : 302
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33436"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 3,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.196Z"),
"n" : 303
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33437"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 3,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.197Z"),
"n" : 304
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33438"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 0,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.199Z"),
"n" : 305
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33439"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 3,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.201Z"),
"n" : 306
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a3343a"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 3,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.203Z"),
"n" : 307
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a3343b"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 1,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.204Z"),
"n" : 308
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a3343c"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 0,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.206Z"),
"n" : 309
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a3343d"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 1,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.208Z"),
"n" : 310
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a3343e"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 1,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.210Z"),
"n" : 311
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a3343f"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 1,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.212Z"),
"n" : 312
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33440"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 3,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.214Z"),
"n" : 313
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33441"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 3,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.216Z"),
"n" : 314
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33442"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 1,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.217Z"),
"n" : 315
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33443"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 1,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.219Z"),
"n" : 316
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33444"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 1,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.221Z"),
"n" : 317
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33445"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 2,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.223Z"),
"n" : 318
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33446"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 0,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.225Z"),
"n" : 319
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("623eaf017c6c2558c3a33447"),
"username" : "kbanker",
"action_code" : 0,
"time" : ISODate("2022-03-26T06:13:21.227Z"),
"n" : 320
}
Type "it" for more
> db.createCollection("users.actions",{capped: true, size: 16384, max: 100})
{ "ok" : 1 }
> db.reviews.createIndex({time_field: 1}, {expireAfterSeconds: 3600})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : true,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
> db.system.namespaces.find()
> db.system.namespaces.find();
> db.system.namespaces.find();
> db.system.indexes.find();
>

Documents and insertion

> db.numbers.save({n: 5})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.numbers.save({n: NumberLong(5)});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.numbers.find({n: 5});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("623ec3abe05ac712a59cc348"), "n" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("623ec3cde05ac712a59cc349"), "n" : NumberLong(5) }
> db.numbers.find({n: {$type: 1}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("623ec3abe05ac712a59cc348"), "n" : 5 }
> db.numbers.find({n: {$type: 18}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("623ec3cde05ac712a59cc349"), "n" : NumberLong(5) }
>