Python绘图系统10：在父组件中使用子组件的函数

Python绘图系统：

• 📈从0开始实现一个三维绘图系统
• 自定义控件：坐标设置控件📉坐标列表控件📉支持多组数据的绘图系统
• 图表类型和风格：散点图和条形图📊混合类型图表

Combobox绑定事件

DrawType类可以设置绘图维度，而绘图维度和坐标轴的个数是息息相关的。换言之，一个比较合理的交互逻辑是，改选DrawType的维度后，就应该可以改变坐标轴的个数。为了实现这个功能，需要为ComboBox绑定一个事件，改动起来非常简单，只需在initWidgets最后加上一行就可以。

def initWidgets(self, ws):if ws==None: ws = [8, 3]slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawType)slct['value'] = self.typesslct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawDim)slct['value'] = self.dimsslct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)slct.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)

接下来比较重要的则是self.dimChanged的定义。由于我们希望当Combobox改变时，是另一个控件的内容发生变化，所以self.dimChanged最好是其他控件传入的一个函数。故而需要更改DrawType的初始化函数，即添加一个func参数，然后把这个参数赋给self.dimChanged方法。

def __init__(self, master, types, slctType, slctDim="3", ws=None, func=None, **options):super().__init__(master, **options)#。。。self.dimChanged = func# 。。。

互相调用

最后，修改AxisList中初始化DrawType的语句

self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, slctType,  func=self.dimChanged)

并创建self.dimChanged函数，代码如下，逻辑是根据当前选择的维度来更新txyz这几个AxisFrame。

def dimChanged(self, evt):txyz = self.getDrawDim()for flag in 'txyz':self.vis[flag] = flag in txyzself.updateVisible()def updateVisible(self):for flag in 'txyz':self.afs[flag].pack_forget()for flag in 'txyz':if self.vis[flag]:self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)

效果如下

最后的最后，在坐标轴创建时也应该遵循绘图维度和坐标个数之间的关系，这样打开软件或者新创建一组坐标的时候，就可以自动与绘图维度相匹配了。

def initAxis(self, mode, widths):for flag in 'txyz':self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'}self.updateVisible()

源代码

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilenameimport matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figureimport numpy as npclass AxisFrame(ttk.Frame):# widths 是每个控件的宽度def __init__(self, master, label, mode, widths, **options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.label = labelself.initVar(mode)self.initWidgets(widths)def initVar(self, mode):self.MODES = ("序列化", "源代码", "外部导入", "无数据")self.mode = tk.StringVar()self.setMode(mode)def initWidgets(self, widths):tk.Label(self, text=self.label, width=widths[0]).pack(side=tk.LEFT)self.slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=widths[1], textvariable=self.mode)self.slct['value'] = self.MODESself.slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)self.entry = tk.Entry(self, width=widths[2])self.entry.pack(padx=5, side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X)def setText(self, text):self.entry.delete(0, "end")self.entry.insert(0, text)def get(self):return self.entry.get()def setMode(self, mode):if type(mode) != str:mode = self.MODES[mode]self.mode.set(mode)def setData(self, data=None, **txyz):if self.mode.get() == "序列化":return self.getArray()elif self.mode.get() == "外部导入":return self.loadData(data)else:return self.readPython(**txyz)def readPython(self, t=None, x=None, y=None, z=None):self.data = eval(self.get())return self.datadef loadData(self, data):if type(data) != type(None):self.data = datareturn self.datadef getArray(self):val = self.get()self.data = eval(f"np.linspace({val})")return self.dataclass AxisList(ttk.Frame):def __init__(self, master, title, mode, widths, types, slctType,        # 绘图类型Combobox的参数**options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.afs = {}self.data = {}self.initWidgets(title, widths)self.initFeature(types, slctType)self.initAxis(mode, widths)def initWidgets(self, title, widths):self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5,command=self.Click)self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES)self._c = ttk.Frame(self)self.collapsed = Trueself.Click()def initFeature(self, types, slctType):frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, slctType, func=self.dimChanged)self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'}for flag in 'txyz':btn = ttk.Button(frm, text=flag, width=3)btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.btnAxisCollapse)def dimChanged(self, evt):txyz = self.getDrawDim()for flag in 'txyz':self.vis[flag] = flag in txyzself.updateVisible()def updateVisible(self):for flag in 'txyz':self.afs[flag].pack_forget()for flag in 'txyz':if self.vis[flag]:self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)def getDrawType(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getType()def getDrawDim(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getDim()def initAxis(self, mode, widths):for flag in 'txyz':self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'}self.updateVisible()def btnAxisCollapse(self, evt):flag = evt.widget['text']self.vis[flag] = not self.vis[flag]self.updateVisible()def btnLoadData(self):name = askopenfilename()data = np.genfromtxt(name)for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):if i >= data.shape[1]:returnself.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i])def Click(self):if self.collapsed:self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)            else:self._c.pack_forget()self.collapsed = not self.collapseddef setData(self, flag, data=None, **options):return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options)def setOneMode(self, flag, mode):self.afs[flag].setMode(mode)# 绘图类型和维度
class DrawType(ttk.Frame):# ws为两个combobox的宽def __init__(self, master, types, slctType, slctDim="3", ws=None, func=None, **options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.types = types  # 绘图类型self.dims = ("1", "2", "3", "1+1", "2+1", "3+1")    # 绘图维度self.dimChanged = funcself.initVar(slctType, slctDim)self.initWidgets(ws)def initVar(self, slctType, dim):self.drawType = tk.StringVar()self.drawType.set(slctType)self.drawDim = tk.StringVar()if type(dim) != str:dim = self.dims[int(dim)]self.drawDim.set(dim)def initWidgets(self, ws):if ws==None: ws = [8, 3]slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawType)slct['value'] = self.typesslct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawDim)slct['value'] = self.dimsslct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)slct.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)def getType(self):return self.drawType.get()def getDim(self):dim = self.drawDim.get()dimDct = {"1"  :  "x", "2"  :  "xy", "3"  : "xyz", "1+1": "tx", "2+1": "txy", "3+1":  "txyz"}return dimDct[dim]class DarwSystem():def __init__(self):self.root = tk.Tk()self.root.title("数据展示工具")self.data = {}self.als = []self.initConst()self.setFrmCtrl()frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root)frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)self.setFrmFig(frmFig)self.root.mainloop()def initConst(self):self.TYPES = ("点线图", "散点图", "条形图")self.drawDct = {"点线图" : self.drawPlot,"散点图" : self.drawScatter,"条形图" : self.drawBar}def setFrmCtrl(self):frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320)frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.setCtrlButtons(frm)self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl)self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.addLast(None)# ! 工具栏def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, self.TYPES, "点线图")self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)ttk.Button(frm, text="绘图",width=5,command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="+", width=3)btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.addLast)btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="-", width=3)btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.deleteLast)def addLast(self, evt):title = f"坐标{len(self.als)}"al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,20], self.TYPES, self.drawTypeDim.getType())al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.als.append(al)def deleteLast(self, evt):self.als[-1].pack_forget()del self.als[-1]def btnLoadData(self):name = askopenfilename()data = np.genfromtxt(name)for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):if i >= data.shape[1]:returnself.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data[:,i])def readDatas(self, al):dct = {}data = {}for flag in 'xyz':data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)dct[flag] = data[flag]return datadef btnDrawImg(self):self.fig.clf()keys = self.drawTypeDim.getDim()p = '3d' if 'z' in keys else Noneax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection=p)for al in self.als:data = self.readDatas(al)draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()]draw(ax, data, keys)self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)self.canvas.draw()def drawBar(self, ax, data, keys):ax.bar(data['x'], data['y'])def drawPlot(self, ax, data, keys):ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys])def drawScatter(self, ax, data, keys):ax.scatter(*[data[key] for key in keys])def setFrmFig(self, frmFig):self.fig = Figure()self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig)self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig,pack_toolbar=False)self.toolbar.update()self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)if __name__ == "__main__":test = DarwSystem()