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大规模场景下对Istio的性能优化

news 2026/2/6 7:28:11

简介

当前istio下发xDS使用的是全量下发策略，也就是网格里的所有sidecar(envoy)，内存里都会有整个网格内所有的服务发现数据。这样的结果是，每个sidecar内存都会随着网格规模增长而增长。

Aeraki-mesh

aeraki-mesh项目下有一个子项目专门用来处理istio配置分发性能问题，我们找到该项目：
https://github.com/aeraki-mesh/lazyxds

从该项目的部署yaml中，我们知道它会在网格中增加两个组件：

egress：充当类似网格模型中默认网关角色
controller：用来分析并补全服务间的依赖关系

Egress

对应的配置文件为：lazyxds-egress.yaml
下面来一一查看该组件的组成部分

组件配置

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: istio-egressgateway-lazyxdsnamespace: istio-systemlabels:app: istio-egressgateway-lazyxdsistio: egressgateway
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: istio-egressgateway-lazyxdsistio: egressgatewaytemplate:metadata:annotations:sidecar.istio.io/discoveryAddress: istiod.istio-system.svc:15012sidecar.istio.io/inject: "false"labels:app: istio-egressgateway-lazyxdsistio: egressgatewayspec:containers:- args:......image: docker.io/istio/proxyv2:1.10.0imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentname: istio-proxyports:- containerPort: 8080protocol: TCP- containerPort: 15090name: http-envoy-promprotocol: TCP......volumeMounts:- mountPath: /etc/istio/custom-bootstrapname: custom-bootstrap-volume......volumes:- configMap:defaultMode: 420name: lazyxds-als-bootstrapname: custom-bootstrap-volume

由于配置太多，这里只挑选主要的部分，从上面可以看出，其实是启动一个istio proxy，该proxy的启动配置文件是使用的configmap挂载出来的。

启动配置

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:name: lazyxds-als-bootstrapnamespace: istio-system
data:custom_bootstrap.json: |{"static_resources": {"clusters": [{"name": "lazyxds-accesslog-service","type": "STRICT_DNS","connect_timeout": "1s","http2_protocol_options": {},"dns_lookup_family": "V4_ONLY","load_assignment": {"cluster_name": "lazyxds-accesslog-service","endpoints": [{"lb_endpoints": [{"endpoint": {"address": {"socket_address": {"address": "lazyxds.istio-system","port_value": 8080}}}}]}]},"respect_dns_ttl": true}]}}

从上面配置可以知道：

定义了proxy组件代理的集群，该集群为"lazyxds-accesslog-service"
该集群对应的后端服务地址为"lazyxds.istio-system"，端口为8080
这个后端就是lazyxds controller，后面细说

EnvoyFilter

从yaml文件我们看到，还定义了一个envoyfilter来修改proxy代理的流量配置

apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: EnvoyFilter
metadata:name: lazyxds-egress-alsnamespace: istio-system
spec:workloadSelector:labels:app: istio-egressgateway-lazyxdsconfigPatches:- applyTo: NETWORK_FILTERmatch:context: GATEWAYlistener:filterChain:filter:name: "envoy.filters.network.http_connection_manager"patch:operation: MERGEvalue:typed_config:"@type": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.network.http_connection_manager.v3.HttpConnectionManager"access_log:......- name: envoy.access_loggers.http_grpctyped_config:"@type": type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.access_loggers.grpc.v3.HttpGrpcAccessLogConfigcommon_config:log_name: http_envoy_accesslogtransport_api_version: "V3"grpc_service:envoy_grpc:cluster_name: lazyxds-accesslog-service

从这个配置文件，可以看出在启动envoy时，会向其注入一个accesslog service，也就是envoy的日志收集器，而这个service就是lazyxds-accesslog-service

Controller

具体的lazy xds实现就是通过这个controller实现的

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: lazyxdsname: lazyxdsnamespace: istio-system
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: lazyxdstemplate:metadata:labels:app: lazyxdsspec:serviceAccountName: lazyxdscontainers:- image: aeraki/lazyxds:latestimagePullPolicy: Alwaysname: appports:- containerPort: 8080protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: lazyxdsname: lazyxdsnamespace: istio-system
spec:ports:- name: grpc-alsport: 8080protocol: TCPselector:app: lazyxdstype: ClusterIP

从配置可以看到，在egress环节我们知道了proxy的代理的后端地址为lazyxds.istio-system，刚好对应这里的controller。

并且我们还知道，envoy的访问日志最终会发送给这个controller来处理，而这就是实现增量下发envoy配置的关键之处，也就是解决istio性能的解决之法。

增量下发

Accesslog接口

要接受envoy的访问日志，必须实现envoy定义的接口：

type AccessLogServiceServer interface {// Envoy will connect and send StreamAccessLogsMessage messages forever. It does not expect any// response to be sent as nothing would be done in the case of failure. The server should// disconnect if it expects Envoy to reconnect. In the future we may decide to add a different// API for "critical" access logs in which Envoy will buffer access logs for some period of time// until it gets an ACK so it could then retry. This API is designed for high throughput with the// expectation that it might be lossy.StreamAccessLogs(AccessLogService_StreamAccessLogsServer) error
}

日志解析

lazyxds实现如下：

func (server *Server) StreamAccessLogs(logStream als.AccessLogService_StreamAccessLogsServer) error {for {data, err := logStream.Recv()if err != nil {return err}httpLog := data.GetHttpLogs()if httpLog != nil {for _, entry := range httpLog.LogEntry {server.log.V(4).Info("http log entry", "entry", entry)fromIP := getDownstreamIP(entry)if fromIP == "" {continue}upstreamCluster := entry.CommonProperties.UpstreamClustersvcID := utils.UpstreamCluster2ServiceID(upstreamCluster)toIP := getUpstreamIP(entry)if err := server.handler.HandleAccess(fromIP, svcID, toIP); err != nil {server.log.Error(err, "handle access error")}}}}
}

上面主要的逻辑就是解析envoy的访问日志，然后进行处理：

lazy xds Controller 会对接收到的日志进行访问关系分析，然后把新的依赖关系表达到 sidecar CRD 中。
同时 Controller 还会更新 Egress 的规则：删除、更新或创建。

Slime

网易Slime方案与腾讯云Aeraki方案的思路一致
文档：https://cloudnative.to/blog/netease-slime/
github：https://github.com/slime-io/slime/tree/master/staging/src/slime.io/slime/modules/lazyload

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1922778

https://www.zhaohuabing.com/post/2018-09-25-istio-traffic-management-impl-intro/

简介