【算法与数据结构】701、LeetCode二叉搜索树中的插入操作

所有的LeetCode题解索引，可以看这篇文章——【算法和数据结构】LeetCode题解。

一、题目

二、解法

  思路分析：这道题关键在于分析插入值的位置，不论插入的值是什么（插入值和原有树中的键值都不相等），最终都是在空节点的位置插入，那么我们就可以确定递归的终止条件为空节点。因此只要和中间节点比较键值，确定递归是左子树还是右子树，递归完成后返回根节点。
  程序如下：

class Solution {
public: TreeNode* insertIntoBST(TreeNode* root, int val) {if (root == NULL) {TreeNode* cur = new TreeNode(val);return cur;}      if (root->val > val) root->left = insertIntoBST(root->left, val);if (root->val < val) root->right = insertIntoBST(root->right, val);return root;}
};

三、完整代码

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <string>
# include <queue>
using namespace std;// 树节点定义
struct TreeNode {int val;TreeNode* left;TreeNode* right;TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}TreeNode(int x, TreeNode* left, TreeNode* right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
};class Solution {
public: TreeNode* insertIntoBST(TreeNode* root, int val) {if (root == NULL) {TreeNode* cur = new TreeNode(val);return cur;}      if (root->val > val) root->left = insertIntoBST(root->left, val);if (root->val < val) root->right = insertIntoBST(root->right, val);return root;}
};// 前序遍历迭代法创建二叉树，每次迭代将容器首元素弹出（弹出代码还可以再优化）
void Tree_Generator(vector<string>& t, TreeNode*& node) {if (!t.size() || t[0] == "NULL") return;    // 退出条件else {node = new TreeNode(stoi(t[0].c_str()));    // 中if (t.size()) {t.assign(t.begin() + 1, t.end());Tree_Generator(t, node->left);              // 左}if (t.size()) {t.assign(t.begin() + 1, t.end());Tree_Generator(t, node->right);             // 右}}
}template<typename T>
void my_print(T& v, const string msg)
{cout << msg << endl;for (class T::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) {cout << *it << ' ';}cout << endl;
}template<class T1, class T2>
void my_print2(T1& v, const string str) {cout << str << endl;for (class T1::iterator vit = v.begin(); vit < v.end(); ++vit) {for (class T2::iterator it = (*vit).begin(); it < (*vit).end(); ++it) {cout << *it << ' ';}cout << endl;}
}// 层序遍历
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {queue<TreeNode*> que;if (root != NULL) que.push(root);vector<vector<int>> result;while (!que.empty()) {int size = que.size();  // size必须固定, que.size()是不断变化的vector<int> vec;for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {TreeNode* node = que.front();que.pop();vec.push_back(node->val);if (node->left) que.push(node->left);if (node->right) que.push(node->right);}result.push_back(vec);}return result;
}int main()
{// 构建二叉树vector<string> t = { "4", "2", "1", "NULL", "NULL", "3", "NULL", "NULL", "7", "NULL", "NULL" };   // 前序遍历my_print(t, "目标树");TreeNode* root = new TreeNode();Tree_Generator(t, root);vector<vector<int>> tree = levelOrder(root);my_print2<vector<vector<int>>, vector<int>>(tree, "目标树:");// 插入目标值int val = 5;Solution s;TreeNode* result = s.insertIntoBST(root, val);vector<vector<int>> tree1 = levelOrder(result);my_print2<vector<vector<int>>, vector<int>>(tree1, "目标树:");system("pause");return 0;
}

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