爬虫项目实战——爬取B站视频

目标：对B站视频详情页url进行视频的爬取。
注：由于B站的音频和视频的链接是分开的，所以在提取是需要分别提取，然后进行合成。
这里只管提取，合成的工作以后再说。

具体步骤

1. 发送请求 对于视频详情页url地址发送请求 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11b4y1S7Jg
2. 获取数据 获取响应体的文本数据 response.text 网页源代码
3. 解析数据 提取我们想要的 视频标题/音频url/视频画面url,
4. 保存数据， 对于音频url 视频url发送请求 获取响应体二进制数据 response.content
5. 合成数据，把音频内容以及视频画面内容合成为一个完整的mp4文件

1. 发送请求

说明：
Referer:是防盗链。表示当前这个链接，我是从哪个链接跳转过来的。
Cookie：由于B站不登陆只能下载

url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Bo4y1v7Yq/'
response = requests.get(url)
cookie = "buvid3=5C5D0069-031F-2213-8E11-3B17C971719F69389infoc; b_nut=1688698369; _uuid=7F76CBFD-ADE2-44103-424C-D73D5E9ACC2869255infoc; header_theme_version=CLOSE; CURRENT_FNVAL=4048; buvid4=780B8373-C6A6-6800-F372-7CF18F799AE570981-023070710-7YWVed7pFp%2FuoShCfdfYnQ%3D%3D; DedeUserID=175444232; DedeUserID__ckMd5=b4a676bf5d8afe1c; rpdid=|(k|)mum~~uJ0J'uY))~|uklm; LIVE_BUVID=AUTO5916888971292528; SESSDATA=6b25c9b2%2C1705192174%2Cba23f%2A71bQR5hFBMOt8AXYHjziKE4HOwWw6Ei8wrCIByshPnLAkTd2jwLJy4WYgVkViOyIUPNssSUQAAIAA; bili_jct=e29211bb7e88730fc2bc6691218d247e; sid=858nix09; FEED_LIVE_VERSION=V8; buvid_fp_plain=undefined; hit-new-style-dyn=1; hit-dyn-v2=1; i-wanna-go-back=-1; b_ut=5; fingerprint=b2371c9349b15d5ad60e75cd01f7dc55; buvid_fp=5b9a1047d9ef9ba48290adcd4ba39e58; share_source_origin=copy_web; bsource=share_source_copylink_web; bili_ticket=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InMwMyIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2OTY0NzMzNjcsImlhdCI6MTY5NjIxNDEwNywicGx0IjotMX0.D2ixQib5vaXOyxTBLWhIR8KzpbGQloGjxzXDgnOum3E; bili_ticket_expires=1696473307; CURRENT_QUALITY=80; b_lsid=4F245FCD_18AFACA514A; home_feed_column=5; browser_resolution=1552-827; bp_video_offset_175444232=848638555060174904; PVID=1"head = {'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",# Referer: 防盗链。用于告诉服务器我是从哪个链接跳转来的。'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/','Cookie': cookie
}
sleep(2)
page_text = response.text

2. 获取数据

# 获取标题和播放信息
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="viewbox_report"]/h1/text()')[0]
play_info = tree.xpath('/html/head/script[4]')[0].text      # 通过tree.xpath得到script对象，然后通过text属性得到其内容
play_info = play_info[20:]      # 去掉前面的window.__playinfo__=这几个字符
print(play_info)

3. 解析数据

# 将数据转为json格式，方便获取其中的部分数据
play_info_json = json.loads(play_info)
# print(play_info_json)
pprint.pprint(play_info_json)   # 格式化输出# 获取音频、视频url
# B站的音频和视频链接是分开的，所以要分别获取，然后通过一定的方法进行合并。
video_url = play_info_json['data']['dash']['video'][0]['baseUrl']   # 得到视频链接
audio_url = play_info_json['data']['dash']['audio'][0]['baseUrl']   # 得到音频链接

4. 保存数据

video_content = requests.get(url=video_url, headers=head).content   # content表示二进制数据
audio_content = requests.get(url=audio_url, headers=head).content		#  # content表示二进制数据if not os.path.exists('./B站视频'):os.mkdir('./B站视频')with open('./B站视频/'+title+'.mp4', 'wb') as fp:fp.write(video_content)with open('./B站视频/'+title+'.mp3', 'wb') as fp:fp.write(audio_content)

完整代码

import json
import os.pathimport requests
from time import sleep
from lxml import etree
import pprint# 已成功"""
1.发送请求 对于视频详情页url地址发送请求 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11b4y1S7Jg
2.获取数据 获取响应体的文本数据 response.text 网页源代码
3.解析数据 提取我们想要的 视频标题/音频url/视频画面url,
4保存数据， 对于音频url 视频url发送请求 获取响应体二进制数据 response.content
5.合成数据，把音频内容以及视频画面内容合成为一个完整的mp4文件
"""
url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Bo4y1v7Yq/'
response = requests.get(url)
cookie = "buvid3=5C5D0069-031F-2213-8E11-3B17C971719F69389infoc; b_nut=1688698369; _uuid=7F76CBFD-ADE2-44103-424C-D73D5E9ACC2869255infoc; header_theme_version=CLOSE; CURRENT_FNVAL=4048; buvid4=780B8373-C6A6-6800-F372-7CF18F799AE570981-023070710-7YWVed7pFp%2FuoShCfdfYnQ%3D%3D; DedeUserID=175444232; DedeUserID__ckMd5=b4a676bf5d8afe1c; rpdid=|(k|)mum~~uJ0J'uY))~|uklm; LIVE_BUVID=AUTO5916888971292528; SESSDATA=6b25c9b2%2C1705192174%2Cba23f%2A71bQR5hFBMOt8AXYHjziKE4HOwWw6Ei8wrCIByshPnLAkTd2jwLJy4WYgVkViOyIUPNssSUQAAIAA; bili_jct=e29211bb7e88730fc2bc6691218d247e; sid=858nix09; FEED_LIVE_VERSION=V8; buvid_fp_plain=undefined; hit-new-style-dyn=1; hit-dyn-v2=1; i-wanna-go-back=-1; b_ut=5; fingerprint=b2371c9349b15d5ad60e75cd01f7dc55; buvid_fp=5b9a1047d9ef9ba48290adcd4ba39e58; share_source_origin=copy_web; bsource=share_source_copylink_web; bili_ticket=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InMwMyIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE2OTY0NzMzNjcsImlhdCI6MTY5NjIxNDEwNywicGx0IjotMX0.D2ixQib5vaXOyxTBLWhIR8KzpbGQloGjxzXDgnOum3E; bili_ticket_expires=1696473307; CURRENT_QUALITY=80; b_lsid=4F245FCD_18AFACA514A; home_feed_column=5; browser_resolution=1552-827; bp_video_offset_175444232=848638555060174904; PVID=1"head = {'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",# Referer: 防盗链。用于告诉服务器我是从哪个链接跳转来的。'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/','Cookie': cookie
}
sleep(2)
page_text = response.textwith open('./bilibili.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:fp.write(page_text)# print(page_text)
# 获取标题和播放信息
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="viewbox_report"]/h1/text()')[0]
play_info = tree.xpath('/html/head/script[4]')[0].text      # 通过tree.xpath得到script对象，然后通过text属性得到其内容
play_info = play_info[20:]      # 去掉前面的window.__playinfo__=这几个字符
print(play_info)# 将数据转为json格式，方便获取其中的部分数据
play_info_json = json.loads(play_info)
# print(play_info_json)
pprint.pprint(play_info_json)   # 格式化输出# 获取音频、视频url
# B站的音频和视频链接是分开的，所以要分别获取，然后通过一定的方法进行合并。
video_url = play_info_json['data']['dash']['video'][0]['baseUrl']   # 得到视频链接
audio_url = play_info_json['data']['dash']['audio'][0]['baseUrl']   # 得到音频链接# 获取音频、视频数据
video_content = requests.get(url=video_url, headers=head).content   # content表示二进制数据
audio_content = requests.get(url=audio_url, headers=head).contentif not os.path.exists('./B站视频'):os.mkdir('./B站视频')with open('./B站视频/'+title+'.mp4', 'wb') as fp:fp.write(video_content)with open('./B站视频/'+title+'.mp3', 'wb') as fp:fp.write(audio_content)print("提取到的title", title)