Golang http 请求如何设置代理

ENV
golang 1.17

使用代理

需要在创建 http client 的时候设置，使 http 库能够捕获环境变量

示例

func newClient(cert tls.Certificate) (*http.Client, error) {config := &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert},}config.BuildNameToCertificate()transport := &http.Transport{Proxy:           http.ProxyFromEnvironment,TLSClientConfig: config,IdleConnTimeout: 90 * time.Second,}if err := http2.ConfigureTransport(transport); err != nil {return nil, err}return &http.Client{Transport: transport,Timeout:   20 * time.Second,}, nil
}

不使用代理

1. NO_PROXY 环境变量

// A nil URL and nil error are returned if no proxy is defined in the
// environment, or a proxy should not be used for the given request,
// as defined by NO_PROXY.

2. localhost 127.0.0.1 默认也不使用代理

// As a special case, if req.URL.Host is "localhost" (with or without
// a port number), then a nil URL and nil error will be returned.

3. 使用代码禁用代理环境变量
   创建 client 时，可以使用自定义 transport

transport := http.DefaultTransport
transport.(*http.Transport).Proxy = nil
client := &http.Client{Transport: transport,
}

golang源码出处 go1.17:src/net/http/transport.go;l=40

// DefaultTransport is the default implementation of Transport and is
// used by DefaultClient. It establishes network connections as needed
// and caches them for reuse by subsequent calls. It uses HTTP proxies
// as directed by the $HTTP_PROXY and $NO_PROXY (or $http_proxy and
// $no_proxy) environment variables....// ProxyFromEnvironment returns the URL of the proxy to use for a
// given request, as indicated by the environment variables
// HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY and NO_PROXY (or the lowercase versions
// thereof). HTTPS_PROXY takes precedence over HTTP_PROXY for https
// requests.
//
// The environment values may be either a complete URL or a
// "host[:port]", in which case the "http" scheme is assumed.
// The schemes "http", "https", and "socks5" are supported.
// An error is returned if the value is a different form.
//
// A nil URL and nil error are returned if no proxy is defined in the
// environment, or a proxy should not be used for the given request,
// as defined by NO_PROXY.
//
// As a special case, if req.URL.Host is "localhost" (with or without
// a port number), then a nil URL and nil error will be returned.
func ProxyFromEnvironment(req *Request) (*url.URL, error) {return envProxyFunc()(req.URL)
}