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一种excel多线程并发写sheet的方案

news 2025/10/26 14:21:42

一、背景

有一次项目的需求要求导出excel，并且将不同的数据分别写到不同的sheet中。

二、方案概述

首先一开始使用easyexcel去导出excel，结果发现导出时间需要3秒左右。于是想着能不能缩短excel导出时间，于是第一次尝试使用异步线程去查询数据库，却发现接口的时间并没有明显缩短，于是自己就开始排查耗时的操作，于是发现是写sheet的时候是串行执行，并且每个写sheet的时间并不短，尤其在sheet比较多的时候，会导致导出的时间比较长。于是，想着能不能使用异步线程并发去写sheet，但是，使用的时候报错。后来去找报错的原因，是因为easyexcel并不支持并发写。于是，我就转战POI。尝试是否能够并发写入多个sheet。

使用easyexcel写入多个sheet

        try {response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");// 这里URLEncoder.encode可以防止中文乱码 当然和easyexcel没有关系String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(EXCEL, "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);ExcelWriter build = EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(),VirtualInstanceDataPoint.class).build();list.stream().map(i -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {return service.list();}, executor)).collect(Collectors.toList()).stream().map(CompletableFuture::join).collect(Collectors.toList()).forEach(r->{int andIncrement = atomicInteger.getAndIncrement();WriteSheet build1 = EasyExcel.writerSheet(andIncrement, r.get(0).getDevice() + andIncrement).build();build.write(r, build1);});build.finish();response.flushBuffer();} catch (Exception e) {// 重置responseresponse.reset();response.setContentType("application/json");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(R.error().message(e.getMessage()).code(20007)));
}

并发写入多个sheet会报

org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.PartAlreadyExistsException: A part with the name '/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml' already exists : Packages shall not contain equivalent part names and package implementers shall neither create nor recognize packages with equivalent part names. [M1.12]

POI写入多个sheet

    String[] EXPORT_HEADER = {"head1","head2"};@GetMapping("export3")@ApiOperation(value = "excel导出信息")@SneakyThrowspublic void export3(HttpServletResponse response) {OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();response.reset();response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=template.xls");AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();Font font = workbook.createFont();font.setBold(true);HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setFont(font);List<IndexData> indexDatas = new ArrayList<>();indexDatas.add(new IndexData("1",1.1));indexDatas.add(new IndexData("2",2.2));indexDatas.add(new IndexData("3",3.3));for (IndexData indexData : indexDatas) {HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(indexData.getStr());HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);// 创建表头for (int i = 0; i < EXPORT_HEADER.length; i++) {HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(EXPORT_HEADER[i]);cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);}row = sheet.createRow(1);row.createCell(0).setCellValue(indexData.getStr());row.createCell(1).setCellValue(indexData.getDoubleData());}workbook.write(outputStream);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();}static  class IndexData {public IndexData(String string, Double doubleData) {this.str = string;this.doubleData = doubleData;}public String getStr() {return str;}public Double getDoubleData() {return doubleData;}private String str;private Double doubleData;}

POI多线程写多个sheet

    String[] EXPORT_HEADER = {"head1","head2"};@GetMapping("export3")@ApiOperation(value = "excel导出")@SneakyThrowspublic void export3(HttpServletResponse response) {OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();response.reset();response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=template.xls");AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();Font font = workbook.createFont();font.setBold(true);HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setFont(font);List<IndexData> indexDatas = new ArrayList<>();indexDatas.add(new IndexData("1",1.1));indexDatas.add(new IndexData("2",2.2));indexDatas.add(new IndexData("3",3.3));indexDatas.stream().map(data ->CompletableFuture.runAsync(() ->{HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(data.getStr());HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);// 创建表头for (int i = 0; i < EXPORT_HEADER.length; i++) {HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(EXPORT_HEADER[i]);cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);}row = sheet.createRow(1);row.createCell(0).setCellValue(data.getStr());row.createCell(1).setCellValue(data.getDoubleData());})).collect(Collectors.toList()).stream().map(CompletableFuture::join).collect(Collectors.toList());workbook.write(outputStream);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();}static  class IndexData {public IndexData(String string, Double doubleData) {this.str = string;this.doubleData = doubleData;}public String getStr() {return str;}public Double getDoubleData() {return doubleData;}private String str;private Double doubleData;}

但是有时候会报错

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: calculated end index (2576) is out of allowable range (2564..2569)

是因为在子线程中创建sheet产生并发。

一个解决方案是主线程预先创建sheet

另一个方案是为创建sheet的操作加锁

    @GetMapping("export1")@ApiOperation(value = "excel导出信息")@SneakyThrowspublic void export2(HttpServletResponse response) {OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();response.reset();response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=template.xls");AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();Font font = workbook.createFont();font.setBold(true);HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setFont(font);list.stream().map(instanceId -> CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {List<> collect =  service.list();HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(collect.get(0).getDevice()+ atomicInteger.getAndIncrement());HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);// 创建表头for (int i = 0; i < EXPORT_HEADER.length; i++) {HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(EXPORT_HEADER[i]);cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);}for (int i = 0; i < collect.size(); i++) {row = sheet.createRow(i + 1);row.createCell(0).setCellValue(collect.get(i).getInstanceId());row.createCell(1).setCellValue(collect.get(i).getDevice());row.createCell(2).setCellValue(collect.get(i).getDataId());row.createCell(3).setCellValue(collect.get(i).getDataName());}}, executor)).collect(Collectors.toList()).stream().map(CompletableFuture::join).collect(Collectors.toList());workbook.write(outputStream);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();}

以下使用加锁方式

    String[] EXPORT_HEADER = {"head1","head2"};@GetMapping("export3")@ApiOperation(value = "excel导出信息")@SneakyThrowspublic void export3(HttpServletResponse response) {OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();response.reset();response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=template.xls");AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();Font font = workbook.createFont();font.setBold(true);HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);cellStyle.setFont(font);List<IndexData> indexDatas = new ArrayList<>();indexDatas.add(new IndexData("1",1.1));indexDatas.add(new IndexData("2",2.2));indexDatas.add(new IndexData("3",3.3));indexDatas.stream().map(data ->CompletableFuture.runAsync(() ->{HSSFSheet sheet = getSheet(data, workbook);HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);// 创建表头for (int i = 0; i < EXPORT_HEADER.length; i++) {HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(EXPORT_HEADER[i]);cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);}row = sheet.createRow(1);row.createCell(0).setCellValue(data.getStr());row.createCell(1).setCellValue(data.getDoubleData());})).collect(Collectors.toList()).stream().map(CompletableFuture::join).collect(Collectors.toList());workbook.write(outputStream);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();}@org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNullprivate synchronized static HSSFSheet getSheet(IndexData data, HSSFWorkbook workbook) {HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(data.getStr());return sheet;}

但是这种方式还是会有一些并发带来的错误。

java.lang.NullPointerException: null
   at org.apache.poi.hssf.record.SSTSerializer.serialize(SSTSerializer.java:70)
   at org.apache.poi.hssf.record.SSTRecord.serialize(SSTRecord.java:279)
   at org.apache.poi.hssf.record.cont.ContinuableRecord.getRecordSize(ContinuableRecord.java:60)
   at org.apache.poi.hssf.model.InternalWorkbook.getSize(InternalWorkbook.java:1072)
   at org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook.getBytes(HSSFWorkbook.java:1474)
   at org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook.write(HSSFWorkbook.java:1386)
   at org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook.write(HSSFWorkbook.java:1374)

但是在本机实测100个线程10个循环出错的个数在20-30之间

我们可以捕获这些错误使用do while循环，当出错的时候可以清空状态再次重试。

总结：

该方法只是本菜鸡的愚见，使用这种方式的确可以完成并发写sheet，缩短接口的相应速度，将3秒左右的接口降低到50ms左右。应该能适合sheet略多，但并发量、数据量不多的excel导出，但本人也是第一次使用POI,所以可能有错误，希望大佬们能够多多指点。