人大金仓数据库Kingbase服务SQL基础操作手册

1 kingbase服务

1.1 查看kingbase数据库服务进程

ps -ef|grep kingbase

1.2 命令启动kingbase数据库服务

# /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8 为金仓安装目录
# /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/data 为金仓数据目录
# sys_ctl是数据库服务器启停命令，通过-D选项来来指定数据库数据目录
# 注意要切换成kingbase用户
/opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/Server/bin/sys_ctl -D /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/data start

1.3 命令停止kingbase数据库服务

# /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8 为金仓安装目录
# /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/data 为金仓数据目录
# sys_ctl是数据库服务器启停命令，通过-D选项来来指定数据库数据目录
# 注意要切换成kingbase用户
/opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/Server/bin/sys_ctl -D /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/data stop

1.4 命令重启kingbase数据库服务

# /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8 为金仓安装目录
# /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/data 为金仓数据目录
# sys_ctl是数据库服务器启停命令，通过-D选项来来指定数据库数据目录
# 注意要切换成kingbase用户
/opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/Server/bin/sys_ctl -D /opt/Kingbase/ES/V8/data restart

1.5 查询licence有效期

select GET_LICENSE_VALIDDAYS();

1.6 修改字符编码

alter table 模式名称.表名称 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci

1.7 查看语言

select * from sys_language

1.8 查看角色用户

select * from sys_user

1.9 查看会话进程

select * from sys_stat_activity

1.10 查看当前账号会话数

select count(*), usename from sys_stat_activity group by usename

1.11 查看系统所有表

SELECT * FROM sys_tables

1.12 查看表字段

select * from information_schema.columns 

1.13 查看索引

select * from sys_index 

2 数据库操作

2.1 查看所有数据库

select * from sys_database

2.2 查看表空间

select * from sys_tablespace

2.3 查看数据库大小

# 查看kingbase数据库的大小，单位字节
select sys_database_size('kingbase')
# 查看kingbase数据库的大小，格式化后单位兆
select sys_size_pretty(sys_database_size('kingbase'));

2.4 查看所有数据库大小

select sys_database.datname, sys_database_size(sys_database.datname) as size from sys_database order by size desc;

2.5 查看数据库模式大小

SELECT sys_size_pretty(sum(table_size)::bigint) as "disk space",sum(table_size)::bigint as "total size"
FROM (SELECT sys_catalog.sys_namespace.nspname as schema_name,sys_total_relation_size(sys_catalog.sys_class.oid) as table_sizeFROM  sys_catalog.sys_class JOIN sys_catalog.sys_namespace ON relnamespace = sys_catalog.sys_namespace.oidWHERE sys_catalog.sys_namespace.nspname = 'kingbase'
) t

2.6 查看数据库所有模式大小

SELECT schema_name, sys_size_pretty(sum(table_size)::bigint) as "disk space",sum(table_size)::bigint as "total size"
FROM (SELECT sys_catalog.sys_namespace.nspname as schema_name,sys_total_relation_size(sys_catalog.sys_class.oid) as table_sizeFROM  sys_catalog.sys_class JOIN sys_catalog.sys_namespace ON relnamespace = sys_catalog.sys_namespace.oidWHERE sys_catalog.sys_namespace.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema','src_restrict','anon','dbms_sql','xlog_record_read','pg_catalog','pg_bitmapindex','sys_catalog','sysaudit','sysmac','sys')
) t
GROUP BY schema_name

2.7 查看单表大小

select sys_size_pretty(sys_relation_size('kingbase.test_szie'));

2.8 查询模式下所有表大小

SELECT
table_name,
sys_size_pretty(table_size) AS table_size,
sys_size_pretty(indexes_size) AS indexes_size,
sys_size_pretty(total_size) AS total_size
FROM (
SELECT
table_name,
sys_table_size(table_name) AS table_size,
sys_indexes_size(table_name) AS indexes_size,
sys_total_relation_size(table_name) AS total_size
FROM (
SELECT ('"' || table_schema || '"."' || table_name || '"') AS table_name
FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_schema ='kingbase'
) AS all_tables
ORDER BY total_size DESC
) AS pretty_sizes

2.9 查询数据库连接情况

select  * from pg_stat_activity

2.10 杀死空闲连接

SELECT pg_terminate_backend(pid) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE state='idle'

2.11 查询最大连接数

show max_connections

2.12 查询超级连接数

show superuser_reserved_connections

2.13 查看大小写情况

# V8R3查看,ON-敏感,OFF-不敏感 
show case_sensitive
# V8R6查看,ON-不敏感,OFF-敏感
show enable_ci

2.14 查询客户端、服务端编码

show server_encoding;
show client_encoding;

2.15 设置客户端、服务端编码

set client_encoding to 'GBK';
set server_encoding to 'UTF-8';

3 模式操作

3.1 模式创建

CREATE SCHEMA 模式名称

3.2 模式删除

DROP SCHEMA 模式名称

3.3 修改模式名称

alter schema 被修改模式名称 rename to 需要重命名模式名称

3.4 查询数据库下所有模式名称

SELECT DISTINCT TABLE_SCHEMA FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES; 

3.5 查询数据库下所有模式数量

 SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT TABLE_SCHEMA) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;

3.6 查询指定模式下表名称

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='PUBLIC';

3.7 查询指定模式下指定表字段类型、注释等信息

 SELECT  '表名称' AS table_name, col.COLUMN_NAME,CASE WHEN  col.UDT_NAME='VARCHAR' THEN  CONCAT(col.UDT_NAME,'(',col.character_maximum_length,')') ELSE col.UDT_NAME END AS UDTNAME,d.DESCRIPTION FROM information_schema.COLUMNS colJOIN SYS_CLASS c ON c.RELNAME = col.TABLE_NAMELEFT JOIN SYS_DESCRIPTION d ON d.OBJOID = c.OID AND d.OBJSUBID = col.ORDINAL_POSITIONLEFT JOIN sys_constraint s on c.OID = s.conrelid and col.ORDINAL_POSITION=ANY(conkey::int[])WHERE col.table_schema = '模式名称'AND col.TABLE_NAME = '表名称';

4 表操作

4.1 创建表

CREATE TABLE "sub_test"."t_table"(
id VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL，
remark VARCHAR(255),
length INT8,
front TEXT, 
status TINYINT,
range FLOAT8,
create_time TIMESTAMP, 
image_info JSON,
info JSON,
result JSON,
CONSTRAINT "t_table_PKEY" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
);
CREATE INDEX "createTime" ON "sub_test".t_table(create_time);
comment on column weather.remark is '备注';
comment on column weather.length is '长度';
comment on column weather.status is '状态';
comment on column weather.range is '范围';
comment on column weather.create_time is '创建时间';

4.2 创表–自增字段和主键

id设置为主键，同时类型指定为serial，创建之后，id即为自增。

CREATE TABLE "sub_test"."t_table"( id SERIAL NOT NULL,host_name VARCHAR(125),port VARCHAR(32),type TINYINT,launch_date TIMESTAMP,modify_time TIMESTAMP,create_time TIMESTAMP,CONSTRAINT "t_table_PKEY" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
);

4.3 将字段改为自增

# 将字段改为自增
ALTER TABLE sub_test."t_table"  ALTER column id set default nextval('sub_test.t_table_id_SEQ');

# 删除约束（主键就是一个约束）
ALTER TABLE sub_test."t_table" DROP CONSTRAINT t_table_constraint_1;# 添加主键
ALTER TABLE sub_test."t_table" ADD PRIMARY KEY(id);

4.4 修改字段类型

# 语法
alter table 模式名称.表名称 modify 修改字段 需要被修改字段类型
# 示例
alter table sub_test.tb_filegroup modify bbox varchar(32)

4.5 修改字段名称

# 语法
alter table 模式名称.表名称 rename 字段 to 修改字段
# 示例
alter table sub_test.tb_filegroup rename "bbox" to "b_box"
alter table sub_test.tb_filegroup rename COLUMN bbox to b_box

4.6 修改字段为 ----非空

# 语法
alter table 模式名称.表名称 alter 字段 set not null
# 示例
alter table sub_test.tb_filegroup alter data_level set not null;

4.7 修改非空字段为 ----空

# 语法
alter table 模式名称.表名称 alter 字段 drop not null
# 示例
示例：
alter table sub_test.tb_filegroup alter data_level drop not null;

4.8 添加字段

# 语法
alter table 模式名称.表名称 add 添加字段 字段类型
# 示例
alter table sub_test.tb_filegroup add COLUMN bbox varchar(255) default '10';

4.9 删除字段

# 语法
alter table 模式名称.表名称 drop 需要删除字段
# 示例
alter table sub_test.tb_filegroup drop bbox

4.10 添加字段注释

# 语法
comment on column 表名称.字段名称 is ‘注释内容’
# 示例
comment on column sub_test.tb_filegroup.bbox is '方位'

4.11 创建索引

# 语法
CREATE INDEX "索引名称" ON 模式名称.表名称 (字段名称)
# 示例
CREATE INDEX "metadataGroupId" ON "sub_test".tb_filegroup(metadataId);

5 创建数据库模式用户授权一体化操作

# 创建用户MYTEST
create user MYTEST password '123456';
# 创建MYTEST数据库
create database MYTEST;
# 赋予MYTEST用户操作数据库权限
GRANT connect on database MYTEST to MYTEST;
grant all privileges on all tables in schema public to MYTEST;
grant all privileges on all sequences in schema public to MYTEST;
grant all privileges on database MYTEST to MYTEST;
grant all privileges on schema public to MYTEST with grant option;
# 创建schema并指定用户MYTEST
CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS MYTEST;
ALTER SCHEMA MYTEST OWNER TO MYTEST;
COMMENT ON SCHEMA MYTEST IS 'standard MYTEST schema';