自动化测试--利用pytest实现整条业务链路测试

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概述

前面一章讲解了单个接口的测试，但是实际项目中，因为权限和登录状态的限制，大部分接口没办法直接访问到，这时候我们想访问到一个系统的接口，就需要模拟用户登录拿到用户的token和所拥有的权限之后再将这些信息作为参数传递给下游进行测试

举个栗子：

base_url : 定义接口的基础 URL。所有需要这个 URL 的测试函数都可以使用这个 fixture。

@pytest.fixture
def base_url():return "http://localhost:8081"

请求访问登录接口：

参数封装：

@pytest.fixture
def login_payload():return {"username": "admin","password": "123","captcha": "12","uuid": "10f53b80-d83f-4431-8fb2-09280942522a"}

之后请求访问登录页面

@pytest.fixture
def token(base_url, login_payload):response = requests.post(f"{base_url}/user/login", json=login_payload)assert response.status_code == 200data = response.json()assert data["code"] == "200"token = data["data"]["token"]return token

这样我们就能拿到用户的token信息
将用户的请求头信息按照系统存放的规则存入请求头中

def test_course_page(base_url, token):headers = {"Token": token}params = {"pageNum": 1,"pageSize": 10,"name": "微表情","teacherName": "","courseModule": ""}response = requests.get(f"{base_url}/course/page", headers=headers, params=params)# 打印响应详细信息print("Status Code:", response.status_code)print("Headers:", response.headers)print("Response Text:", response.text)# 断言部分assert response.status_code == 200assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "application/json"data = response.json()# 检查响应中的具体字段assert data["code"] == "200"assert "msg" in dataassert "data" in datacourse_data = data["data"]assert "total" in course_dataassert "data" in course_dataassert len(course_data["data"]) > 0# 检查第一个课程的具体字段first_course = course_data["data"][0]assert "id" in first_courseassert "name" in first_courseassert first_course["name"] == "微表情专业课"

全部代码实例如下：

import requests
import [e-mail]
def base_url():return "http://localhost:8081"@pytest.fixture
def login_payload():return {"username": "admin","password": "123","captcha": "12","uuid": "10f53b80-d83f-4431-8fb2-09280942522a"}@pytest.fixture
def token(base_url, login_payload):response = requests.post(f"{base_url}/user/login", json=login_payload)assert response.status_code == 200data = response.json()assert data["code"] == "200"token = data["data"]["token"]return tokendef test_course_page(base_url, token):headers = {"Token": token}params = {"pageNum": 1,"pageSize": 10,"name": "微表情","teacherName": "","courseModule": ""}response = requests.get(f"{base_url}/course/page", headers=headers, params=params)# 打印响应详细信息print("Status Code:", response.status_code)print("Headers:", response.headers)print("Response Text:", response.text)# 断言部分assert response.status_code == 200assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "application/json"data = response.json()# 检查响应中的具体字段assert data["code"] == "200"assert "msg" in dataassert "data" in datacourse_data = data["data"]assert "total" in course_dataassert "data" in course_dataassert len(course_data["data"]) > 0# 检查第一个课程的具体字段first_course = course_data["data"][0]assert "id" in first_courseassert "name" in first_courseassert first_course["name"] == "微表情专业课"# 运行测试
if __name__ == "__main__":pytest.main(["-s", "test_course_page.py"])

运行结果：

更新参数，模拟登录失败的情况

类似的我们可以将参数改为可以动态录入，可以将其定义为函数的参数，并通过函数调用传递不同的参数值。这样可以使测试更加灵活，并且可以轻松地重复执行相同的测试用例以覆盖不同的情况。
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