2024年9月12日（k8s环境及测试 常用命令）

一、环境准备及测试

1、报错处理：

kube-system   calico-node-5wvln                          0/1     Init:0/3            0               16h
kube-system   calico-node-d7xfb                          0/1     Init:0/3            0               16h
kube-system   calico-node-k84tc                          0/1     Init:0/3            0               16h

执行以下命令：更新内核版本

yum list kernel

yum update kernel

reboot

如果是cni报错，需要上传下面两个文件，然后重启

一直不成功挂起状态

再/etc/cni/net.d/中上传文件

kube-system   calico-node-5wvln                          0/1     Init:0/3            0             16h
kube-system   calico-node-d7xfb                          0/1     Init:0/3            0             16h
kube-system   calico-node-k84tc                          1/1     Running             0             16h

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    control-plane   16h   v1.28.2
k8s-node1    Ready    <none>          16h   v1.28.2
k8s-node2    Ready    <none>          16h   v1.28.2

现在就合适了

 kubectl 无法补全报错ku-bash: _get_comp_words_by_ref: command not found

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install bash-completion
[root@k8s-master ~]# bash /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
[root@k8s-master ~]# bash

2、测试：

创建nginx镜像名称为nginx0

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run nginx0 --image=nginx:latest
pod/nginx0 created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -Aowide

default       nginx0                                     0/1     ContainerCreating   0             29s   <none>          k8s-node2    <none>           <none>

查看日志

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs nginx0 
Error from server (BadRequest): container "nginx0" in pod "nginx0" is waiting to start: ContainerCreating
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run nginx --image=nginx  不指定版本

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete pod nginx 删除pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -Aowide|grep nginx
default       nginx                                      0/1     ContainerCreating   0             5s      <none>          k8s-node2    <none>           <none>
default       nginx0                                     0/1     ContainerCreating   0             6m59s   <none>          k8s-node2    <none>           <none>

3、部署资源监控metries-server

（1）复制密钥文件到node1和node2

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt k8s-node1:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt  
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt k8s-node2:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt 

（2）上传文件

将components.yaml文件上传到家目录

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir pods
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv components.yaml pods/

（3）根据yaml文件创建pod

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl create -f components.yaml 

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl top nodes

（4）查看pod列表状态

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl get pods -Aowide|grep metrics

kube-system   metrics-server-79776b6d54-xfv8d            1/1     Running   0             5m58s   172.16.169.129   k8s-node2    <none>           <none>

（5）查看节点资源监控

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl top nodes  查看节点

NAME         CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
k8s-master   80m          4%     1087Mi          63%       
k8s-node1    34m          1%     859Mi           49%       
k8s-node2    32m          1%     825Mi           48%  

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl top pods -n kube-system 查看kube-system命名空间的所有节点

NAME                                       CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)   
calico-kube-controllers-6d48795585-pfwrj   2m           13Mi            
calico-node-5wvln                          15m          93Mi            
calico-node-d7xfb                          15m          90Mi            
calico-node-k84tc                          16m          94Mi            
coredns-6554b8b87f-bbnh7                   1m           11Mi            
coredns-6554b8b87f-z9rvq                   1m           12Mi            
etcd-k8s-master                            10m          79Mi            
kube-apiserver-k8s-master                  24m          313Mi           
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master         7m           87Mi            
kube-proxy-644jq                           1m           27Mi           
kube-proxy-65xl7                           1m           25Mi            
kube-proxy-7thhh                           1m           35Mi            
kube-scheduler-k8s-master                  2m           49Mi            
metrics-server-79776b6d54-xfv8d            2m           17Mi            

4、Dashboard部署

[root@k8s-master ~]# cd k8s-ha-install/
[root@k8s-master k8s-ha-install]# ls

[root@k8s-master k8s-ha-install]# cd dashboard/
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# ls
dashboard-user.yaml  dashboard.yaml

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl create -f .  .表示用当前目录

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl get po -A|grep dashboard
 

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl get po -A|grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b554c884f-xnch2   1/1     Running   0             10m
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard-54b699784c-z7444        1/1     Running   0             10m

5、更改svc模式

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.96.160.87   <none>        443:30965/TCP   8m42s

6、创建登录token

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl create token admin-user -n kube-system

eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkpfZklrNGlnY0JGWTB2Zmdxbm40N0JtMkdnQWR6RkphZ25KVEdUTnkxNWMifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNzI2MTE1NTQ2LCJpYXQiOjE3MjYxMTE5NDYsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyIiwidWlkIjoiYTVlNDQ3OWYtNzFiOS00YWQyLTkxMTYtOWI5NTNlYmE3ODk1In19LCJuYmYiOjE3MjYxMTE5NDYsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlLXN5c3RlbTphZG1pbi11c2VyIn0.Xo98HIHqp_jSUhbkjyGDeCM0rzeleSi7HXDW-FRTS8DcqeY2Azgwxjjm_nEA9koxrJRtkr2F5Cv2IYTQYHVrsEbtnHk8aG_KXICeLdcKVcYEIzI7MMrKatinfLHwgrIvFM6xNgPEZleA7X0g49FRlZ7ZCHGLghIWpzyHn78ZDxuXWfsE-yaTxvVc4AbrsUR2c1xMGskXXIjmCj8yZ3HkUbDsuLhOFBinMi_BgWXTHh63wiveKpHmfClsKwhBb7Q3QjFqzdYr9veTxgbUbA95-eKZ4XLYZim1TEpvFgi4zDhkW8OFzaFfGlhxvP7DTmax7qp-46mRq_VBdDUiCdoQdw

7、更新 Kube-Proxy 的 Pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n kube-system
configmap/kube-proxy edited

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl patch daemonset kube-proxy -p "{\"spec\":{\"template\":{\"metadata\":{\"annotations\":{\"date\":\"`date +'%s'`\"}}}}}" -n kube-system

[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:10249/proxyMode

ipvs

查看service pod 宿主机的网段

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc

NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   21h

8、验证是否可正常创建参数

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deploy cluster-test1 --image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/debug-tools -- sleep 3600
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po

cluster-test1-54575cf56c-9xwb5   1/1     Running            0          3m34s

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -owide

cluster-test1-54575cf56c-9xwb5   1/1     Running            0          10m   172.16.36.72     k8s-node1   <none>           <none>

9、Pod 必须能够解析 Service

（1）nslookup kubernetes

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it cluster-test1-54575cf56c-9xwb5 -- bash

(07:39 cluster-test1-54575cf56c-9xwb5:/) nslookup kubernetes
Server:        10.96.0.10
Address:    10.96.0.10#53Name:    kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.96.0.1

（2）nslookup kube-dns.kube-system

(07:39 cluster-test1-54575cf56c-9xwb5:/) nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
Server:		10.96.0.10
Address:	10.96.0.10#53Name:	kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.96.0.10

[root@k8s-master ~]# ping 172.16.36.72 -c 3
PING 172.16.36.72 (172.16.36.72) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.36.72: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.435 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.36.72: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.295 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.36.72: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.357 ms--- 172.16.36.72 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.295/0.362/0.435/0.059 ms

二、常用指令

1、Kubernetes 自动补齐

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install bash-completion
[root@k8s-master ~]# source <(kubectl completion bash)  临时开启自动补齐功能
[root@k8s-master ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc  永久开启自动补齐功能

2、常用命令

创建

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create namespace pes
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get namespace 

删除

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete deployment clustertest
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete deployment cluster-test

3、编写yaml文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim pods/abc.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:name: busybox-sleep
spec:containers:- name: busyboximage: busybox:1.28args:- sleep- "1000"

4、创建

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl create -f abc.yaml 

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl get po -A|grep bus
[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl delete pod busybox-sleep