【es6进阶】vue3中的数据劫持的最新实现方案的proxy的详解

vuejs中实现数据的劫持,v2中使用的是Object.defineProperty()来实现的，在大版本v3中彻底重写了这部分，使用了proxy这个数据代理的方式，来修复了v2中对数组和对象的劫持的遗留问题。

proxy是什么

Proxy 用于修改某些操作的默认行为，等同于在语言层面做出修改，所以属于一种“元编程”（meta programming），即对编程语言进行编程。
Proxy 可以理解成对源对象进行一个封装，在操作源对象之前，做了一系列额外的操作，最终返回我们需要的新数据对象。

基础使用

let obj = new Proxy({},{get(target, prop, receiver) {console.log("get", prop);if (!target[prop]) target[prop] = 120;return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver);},set(target, prop, value, receiver) {console.log("set", prop);return Reflect.set(target, prop, value, receiver);},}
);obj.count = 1;
obj.count;
obj.count;
obj.count;
console.log(obj.count);obj.age;
console.log(obj.age);

proxy实例有两个参数，一个是目标对象，一个是操作方法的hash集合

取值函数get,赋值函数set。

对特定属性的劫持

const proxyObj = new Proxy({ name: "Tom", age: 18 },{get: function (target, prop) {if (prop === "age") return target[prop] - 1;return 35;},}
);proxyObj.time;
console.log("🚀 ~ proxyObj.time:", proxyObj.time);
proxyObj.age;
console.log("🚀 ~ proxyObj.time:", proxyObj.age);

把实例方法封装在对象内部

const object = {name: "Tom",age: 18,sayHi() {console.log("sayHi");},proxy() {return new Proxy(this, {get(target, prop) {console.log("🚀 ~ get ~ prop:", prop);if (prop in target) {return Reflect.get(target, prop);} else {return "no prop";}return Reflect.get(target, prop);},});},
};
const newProxy = object.proxy();
// newObjj.age;
console.log("🚀 ~ newObjj.age;:", newProxy.age);
console.log("🚀 ~ newObjj.name;:", newProxy.sex);

对数组进行负值索引的操作

function createArray(...elements) {let handler = {get(target, prop, receiver) {let index = Number(prop);if (index < 0) {prop = String(target.length + index);}return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver);},};let target = [];target.push(...elements);return new Proxy(target, handler);
}let arr = createArray("a", "b", "c");
arr[-1];
console.log("🚀 ~ arr[-1]:", arr[-1]);
console.log("🚀 ~ arr[-1]:", arr[-2]);
console.log("🚀 ~ arr[-1]:", arr[-3]);

实现数据的链式调用

var double = (n) => n * 2;
var pow = (n) => Math.pow(n, 2);
var reverse = (n) => String(n).split("").reverse().join("");const pipe = function (value) {var funcStack = [];var oProxy = new Proxy({},{get: function (target, key) {console.log("🚀 ~ pipe ~ key:", key);if (key === "get") {return funcStack.reduce(function (val, func) {return func(val);}, value);}// 把方法存储到栈中funcStack.push(window[key]);console.log("🚀 ~ funcStack:", funcStack);return oProxy;},});return oProxy;
};
const data1 = pipe(3).double.pow.reverse.get;
console.log("🚀 ~ data:", data1);

注意：三个方法必须是var声明的，let/const都会报错

上面代码设置 Proxy 以后，达到了将函数名链式使用的效果。

利用get拦截，实现一个生成各种 DOM 节点的通用函数dom

const dom = new Proxy({},{get(target, prop) {return function (arrts, ...children) {const el = document.createElement(prop);for (let prop of Object.keys(arrts)) {el.setAttribute(prop, arrts[prop]);}for (let child of children) {console.log("🚀 ~ get ~ child:", child);if (typeof child === "string") {child = document.createTextNode(child);}el.appendChild(child);}return el;};},}
);const el = dom.div({},"Hello, my name is ",dom.a({ href: "//example.com" }, "Mark"),". I like:",dom.ul({},dom.li({}, "The web"),dom.li({}, "Food"),dom.li({}, "…actually that's it"))
);
document.body.appendChild(el);

第三个参数，它总是指向原始的读操作所在的那个对象

const proxy = new Proxy({},{get: function (target, prop, receiver) {console.log("🚀 ~ prop:", prop);return receiver;},}
);
const isSame = proxy.getReceiver === proxy;
console.log("🚀 ~ isSame:", isSame);const d = Object.create(proxy);
console.log("ddd", d.a === d);

如果一个属性不可配置（configurable）且不可写（writable），则 Proxy 不能修改该属性

const target = Object.defineProperties({},{foo: { value: "bar", enumerable: false, configurable: false },}
);const handler = {get(target, prop) {return "abc";},
};const proxy2 = new Proxy(target, handler);proxy2.foo;

上面通过 Proxy 对象访问该属性会报错。

拦截方法的执行

上面的都是object对象的属性进行劫持，也可以作为方法调用时进行劫持。

var target = function () {return "I am the target";
};var handler = {apply(target, thisArg, argumentsList) {console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ argumentsList:", argumentsList);const res = target();console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ res:", res);return "I am the proxy" + " " + argumentsList.join(",");},
};const p = new Proxy(target, handler);const a = p("a", "b");
console.log("🚀 ~ a:", a);

变量p是 Proxy 的实例，当它作为函数调用时（p()），就会被apply方法拦截，返回一个字符串

function sum(left, right) {return left + right;
}var twice = {apply(target, context, args) {console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ context:", context);console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ args:", args);return Reflect.apply(target, context, args) * 2;},
};const proxy = new Proxy(sum, twice);
const data = proxy(1, 2);
console.log("🚀 ~ data:", data);
const data2 = proxy.call(null, 2, 5);
console.log("🚀 ~ data2:", data2);
const data3 = proxy.apply(null, [5, 5]);
console.log("🚀 ~ data3:", data3);

当执行proxy函数（直接调用或call和apply调用），就会被apply方法拦截。

get和set方法，实现内部属性的保护机制

const proxy = new Proxy({},{get(target, prop) {invariant(prop, "get");return Reflect.get(target, prop);},set(target, prop, value) {invariant(prop, "set");Reflect.set(target, prop, value);return true;},}
);function invariant(key, action) {if (key[0] === "_") {throw new Error(`Invalid attempt to ${action} private "${key}" property`);}
}
// proxy._prop;
proxy._prop = "value";

拦截key in proxy的操作

var target = { _prop: "foo", prop: "foo" };
const proxy = new Proxy(target, {has(target, key) {if (key[0] === "_") {console.log("false");return false;}return key in target;},
});
"_prop" in proxy; // false

deleteProperty删除属性的劫持

const handler = {construct(target, args) {console.log("called: " + args.join(","));return new target(...args);},deleteProperty(target, prop) {if (prop === "age") return false;delete target[prop];return true;},
};const P = new Proxy(function () {}, handler);
const p = new P(10);
P.value;const p2 = new Proxy({age: 20,name: "John",greet: () => console.log("hello"),},handler
);delete p2.age;
delete p2.name;