RabbitMQ 工作模式使用案例之（发布订阅模式、路由模式、通配符模式）

Hi~！这里是奋斗的明志，很荣幸您能阅读我的文章，诚请评论指点，欢迎欢迎 ~~
🌱🌱个人主页：奋斗的明志
🌱🌱所属专栏：RabbitMQ

📚本系列文章为个人学习笔记，在这里撰写成文一为巩固知识，二为展示我的学习过程及理解。文笔、排版拙劣，望见谅。

一、Publish/Subscribe(发布/订阅)

在发布/订阅模型中，多了一个Exchange角色.
Exchange 常见有三种类型, 分别代表不同的路由规则
a) Fanout:广播，将消息交给所有绑定到交换机的队列 (Publish/Subscribe模式)
b) Direct:定向，把消息交给符合指定routing key的队列(Routing模式)
c) Topic:通配符，把消息交给符合routing pattern(路由模式)的队列(Topics模式)
也就分别对应不同的工作模式

1、引入依赖

---

<dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.rabbitmq/amqp-client --><dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>5.20.0</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

---

2、编写配置类

package rabbitmq.constant;public class Constants {public static final String HOST = "123.57.16.61";public static final Integer PORT = 5672;public static final String USERNAME = "study";public static final String PASSWORD = "study";public static final String VIRTUAL_HOST = "bite";//发布订阅模式public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout.exchange";public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE1 = "fanout.queue1";public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE2 = "fanout.queue2";
}

---

3、编写生产者代码

package rabbitmq.fanout;import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Producer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换机/*** 交换机名称，交换机类型，开启可持久化（关机数据不会丢失）*/channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT, true);//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);//交换机和队列进行绑定channel.queueBind(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1, Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "");channel.queueBind(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2, Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "");//发布消息String msg = "hello fanout...";//basicPublish (基础发布)channel.basicPublish(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", null, msg.getBytes());System.out.println("消息发送成功！！！");//关闭资源channel.close();connection.close();}
}

---

点击运行：

---

---

4、编写消费者代码

消费者1：

package rabbitmq.fanout;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明 (也可以省略)channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);//消费消息DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到消息：" + new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1,true,consumer);}
}

消费者2：

package rabbitmq.fanout;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer2 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明 (也可以省略)channel.queueDeclare(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);//消费消息DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到消息：" + new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2,true,consumer);}
}

二、Routing (路由模式)

队列和交换机的绑定, 不能是任意的绑定了, 而是要指定⼀个BindingKey(RoutingKey的⼀种)
消息的发送方在向 Exchange 发送消息时, 也需要指定消息的 RoutingKey
Exchange也不再把消息交给每⼀个绑定的key, 而是根据消息的RoutingKey进行判断, 只有队列绑定时的BindingKey和发送消息的RoutingKey 完全⼀致, 才会接收到消息

1、引入依赖

---

<dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.rabbitmq/amqp-client --><dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>5.20.0</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

---

2、编写配置类

package rabbitmq.constant;public class Constants {public static final String HOST = "123.57.16.61";public static final Integer PORT = 5672;public static final String USERNAME = "study";public static final String PASSWORD = "study";public static final String VIRTUAL_HOST = "bite";//路由模式public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct.exchange";public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE1 = "direct.queue1";public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE2 = "direct.queue2";
}

3、编写生产者代码

package rabbitmq.direct;import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Producer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换机/*** 交换机名称，交换机类型，开启可持久化（关机数据不会丢失）*/channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true);//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);//交换机和队列进行绑定channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1, Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "a");channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "a");channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "b");channel.queueBind(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "c");//发布消息String msg_a = "hello direct, my routingkey is a...";//basicPublish (基础发布)channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "", null, msg_a.getBytes());String msg_b = "hello direct, my routingkey is b...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "", null, msg_b.getBytes());String msg_c = "hello direct, my routingkey is c...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, "", null, msg_c.getBytes());System.out.println("消息发送成功！！！");//关闭资源channel.close();connection.close();}
}

---

---

---

---

4、编写消费者代码

消费者1：

package rabbitmq.direct;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明 (也可以省略)channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);//消费消息DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到消息：" + new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1,true,consumer);}
}

消费者2：

package rabbitmq.direct;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer2 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明 (也可以省略)channel.queueDeclare(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);//消费消息DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到消息：" + new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2,true,consumer);}
}

三、Topics (通配符模式)

Topics 和Routing模式的区别是:

1. topics 模式使用的交换机类型为topic(Routing模式使用的交换机类型为direct)
2. topic 类型的交换机在匹配规则上进行了扩展, Binding Key⽀持通配符匹配(direct类型的交换机路由规则是BindingKey和RoutingKey完全匹配)

在topic类型的交换机在匹配规则上, 有些要求:

1. RoutingKey 是⼀系列由点( . )分隔的单词, ⽐如 " stock.usd.nyse ", " nyse.vmw ",
   " quick.orange.rabbit "
2. BindingKey 和RoutingKey⼀样, 也是点( . )分割的字符串.
3. Binding Key中可以存在两种特殊字符串, 用于模糊匹配

• * 表⽰⼀个单词 # 表⽰多个单词(0-N个)
  

比如:
• Binding Key 为"d.a.b" 会同时路由到Q1 和Q2
• Binding Key 为"d.a.f" 会路由到Q1
• Binding Key 为"c.e.f" 会路由到Q2
• Binding Key 为"d.b.f" 会被丢弃, 或者返回给⽣产者(需要设置mandatory参数)

1、引入依赖

---

<dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.rabbitmq/amqp-client --><dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>5.20.0</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

---

2、编写配置类

package rabbitmq.constant;public class Constants {public static final String HOST = "123.57.16.61";public static final Integer PORT = 5672;public static final String USERNAME = "study";public static final String PASSWORD = "study";public static final String VIRTUAL_HOST = "bite";//通配符模式public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic.exchange";public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE1 = "topic.queue1";public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE2 = "topic.queue2";

3、编写生产者代码

package rabbitmq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Producer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明交换机/*** 交换机名称，交换机类型，开启可持久化（关机数据不会丢失）*/channel.exchangeDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC, true);//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);//交换机和队列进行绑定channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1, Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "*.a.*");channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "*.*.b");channel.queueBind(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "c.#");//发布消息String msg_a = "hello topic, my routingkey is ae.a.f...";//basicPublish (基础发布)channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "ae.a.f", null, msg_a.getBytes());String msg_b = "hello topic, my routingkey is ef.a.b...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "ef.a.b", null, msg_b.getBytes());String msg_c = "hello topic, my routingkey is c.ef.b...";channel.basicPublish(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "c.ef.b", null, msg_c.getBytes());System.out.println("消息发送成功！！！");//关闭资源channel.close();connection.close();}
}

4、编写消费者代码

消费者1：

package rabbitmq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明 (也可以省略)channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1, true, false, false, null);//消费消息DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到消息：" + new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1,true,consumer);}
}

消费者2：

package rabbitmq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import rabbitmq.constant.Constants;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer2 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(Constants.HOST);connectionFactory.setPort(Constants.PORT);connectionFactory.setUsername(Constants.USERNAME);connectionFactory.setPassword(Constants.PASSWORD);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(Constants.VIRTUAL_HOST);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明队列//queueDeclare 队列声明 (也可以省略)channel.queueDeclare(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2, true, false, false, null);//消费消息DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {System.out.println("接收到消息：" + new String(body));}};channel.basicConsume(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2,true,consumer);}
}