linux 安装mysql5.6

1. 下载mysql安装包

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html

2. 卸载系统自带的mariadb

[root@gpap-prod-3 ~]# rpm -qa| grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@gpap-prod-3 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave

删除/etc下的my.cnf文件

[root@gpap-prod-3 ~]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave 
[root@gpap-prod-3 ~]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

3. 创建mysql用户组，创建mysql用户，并将其加入mysql用户组

[root@gpap-prod-3 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@gpap-prod-3 ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

4. 将下载好的二进制包放到/usr/local目录下

mv mysql-5.6.48-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local/

解压文件

tar xf mysql-5.6.48-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

将其命名为mysql

mv mysql-5.6.48-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

5. 在/etc目录下创建新的my.cnf文件

vim my.cnf

my.cnf文件内容如下：

[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
#设置3306端口
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

创建my.cnf中涉及到的目录

mkdir /var/lib/mysql
mkdir /var/lib/mysql/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql
pwd
/usr/local/mysql

6. 进入mysql安装目录（/usr/local/mysql）安装autoconf库和libaio库文件

yum -y install autoconf
yum install libaio* -y

7. 配置mysql
   修改my.cnf文件权限

chmod 777 /etc/my.cnf

设置开机自动启动服务的脚本

cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

增加mysqld服务控制脚本执行权限

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

将mysql服务加入到系统服务中

chkconfig --add mysqld

检查服务是否生效

chkconfig --list mysqld

输出日志如下：

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include nativesystemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by nativesystemd configuration.If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.To see services enabled on particular target use'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.mysqld             0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

启动mysqld服务

systemctl restart mysqld.service

修改 /etc/profile 文件，将mysql的bin目录加入path环境变量

export MYSQL_HOME="/usr/local/mysql"
export PATH="$PATH:MYSQL_HOME/bin"

使profile文件的修改生效

source /etc/profile

8. 如果设置了防火墙，则需要开通3306和8080端口，依次执行以下命令

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

9. 创建mysql软连接

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

10. 修改mysql用户密码

./mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

日志输出如下

Warning: World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored
Warning: World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored
210811 14:53:29 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/gpap-prod-3.err'.
210811 14:53:29 mysqld_safe A mysqld process already exists

启动mysql客户端（密码为空，直接回车即可）

[root@gpap-prod-3 bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Warning: World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.42 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

输入sql，依次查看数据库列表、进入mysql数据库，查看user表相关信息

show databases;
use mysql;
show tables;
desc user;
select USER,HOST,password from user;

查到的用户列表如下所示

+------+-------------+----------+
| USER | HOST        | password |
+------+-------------+----------+
| root | localhost   |          |
| root | gpap-prod-3 |          |
| root | 127.0.0.1   |          |
| root | ::1         |          |
|      | localhost   |          |
|      | gpap-prod-3 |          |
+------+-------------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

将user为root，host为localhost的这条数据进行修改

update user set password=password("你的root账户的密码"), host="%" where user="root" and host="localhost";

再执行刷新sql

flush privileges;

11. 退出mysqld_safe，杀掉该进程

ps aux | grep mysqld
kill -9 mysqld_safe对应的进程ID

12. 重启mysqld服务

systemctl restart mysqld.service

13. 本地使用navicat进行连接测试成功