电机实验曲线数据提取

 

 

 

 

处理Python 代码供参考: 1、曲线数据还原

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt# 读取图像
image_path = '1.png'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)
image_copy = image.copy()  # 创建图像副本，用于叠加显示# 转换为灰度图像
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 检测边缘
edges = cv2.Canny(gray, 50, 150)# 霍夫变换检测直线
lines = cv2.HoughLinesP(edges, 1, np.pi / 180, threshold=100, minLineLength=50, maxLineGap=10)# 初始化掩码
grid_mask = np.zeros_like(gray)# 存储网格线的坐标
horizontal_lines = []
vertical_lines = []# 遍历检测到的直线
if lines is not None:for line in lines:x1, y1, x2, y2 = line[0]angle = np.abs(np.arctan2(y2 - y1, x2 - x1) * 180.0 / np.pi)# 判断是水平线还是垂直线if angle < 10 or angle > 170:horizontal_lines.append((x1, y1, x2, y2))elif 80 < angle < 100:vertical_lines.append((x1, y1, x2, y2))# 找到最近的边缘点，在给定的初始点附近找到最近的边缘点作为新的起始点
def find_nearest_edge_point(edges, x_start, y_start):h, w = edges.shapemin_dist = float('inf')nearest_point = (x_start, y_start)for y in range(max(0, y_start - 10), min(h, y_start + 10)):for x in range(max(0, x_start - 10), min(w, x_start + 10)):if edges[y, x] > 0:dist = (x - x_start) ** 2 + (y - y_start) ** 2if dist < min_dist:min_dist = distnearest_point = (x, y)return nearest_pointdef track_curve_kRPM(edges,x_start,y_start):h, w = edges.shape  # edges.shape返回一个包含图像高度和宽度的元组，将图像的高度和宽度分别赋值给变量h和wvisited = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=bool)  # np.zeros((h, w), dtype=bool)创建一个形状为(h, w)的布尔型二维数组,所有元素初始化为False。# 这个数组用于记录在曲线跟踪过程中哪些像素点已经被访问过。x1_start, y1_start = find_nearest_edge_point(edges, x_start, y_start)# 确认起始点在边缘上if edges[y1_start, x1_start] == 0:raise ValueError("未能找到边缘点，请检查起始点")curve_points = []start=x1_start,y1_startstack = [start]# stack是一个先进后出(LIFO) 或先进先出(FIFO) 的数据结构, 用于实现DFS或BFS算法, 从起始点开始逐步扩展, 找到与之相连的边缘像素点full_search_count = 0while len(stack) > 0:# 从stack中弹出(删除并返回)最后一个元素,这个元素是一个像素点的坐标(x, y)x, y = stack.pop()# 检查弹出的像素点坐标是否在图像范围内,以及是否已经被访问过。# 如果任一条件满足,说明该像素点无效或已被访问,则执行continue语句,跳过当前循环的剩余部分,继续执行下一次循环。if x < 0 or x >= w or y < 0 or y >= h or visited[y, x]:continue# 将当前像素点标记为已访问visited[y, x] = True# 将当前像素点的坐标添加到curve_points列表中,用于存储曲线上的所有点if (not is_point_near_vertical_line(x, y, vertical_lines, 2) and not is_point_near_horizontal_line(x, y,horizontal_lines,2)):curve_points.append((x, y))# (x+)(y+)neighbors = [(x + 1, y + 1), (x + 1, y), (x, y + 1),(x + 2, y + 2), (x + 2, y), (x, y + 2)# (x + 3, y + 2), (x + 3, y), (x, y + 3)# (x + 4, y + 4), (x + 4, y), (x, y + 4)]# # 遍历相邻像素点的坐标# for nx, ny in neighbors:#     # 检查相邻像素点是否在图像范围内、未被访问过、且是边缘像素点(像素值大于0)。#     # 如果所有条件都满足,说明该相邻像素点是有效的,可以加入stack#     if 0 <= nx < w and 0 <= ny < h and not visited[ny, nx] and edges[ny, nx] > 0:#         stack.append((nx, ny))# 针对曲线先从下到右上然后又转右下的情况point_count = 0for nx, ny in neighbors:if 0 <= nx < w and 0 <= ny < h and not visited[ny, nx] and edges[ny, nx] > 0:stack.append((nx, ny))point_count += 1return curve_points# 通过BFS/DFS跟踪曲线
# 通过BFS或DFS算法跟踪曲线。它接受边缘图像、起始点、搜索方向和阈值作为输入,返回曲线上的点集合
def track_curve_eff(edges, x1,y1,KRPM_points):direction="right_up"switch_direction = directionh, w = edges.shape  # edges.shape返回一个包含图像高度和宽度的元组，将图像的高度和宽度分别赋值给变量h和wvisited = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=bool)  # np.zeros((h, w), dtype=bool)创建一个形状为(h, w)的布尔型二维数组,所有元素初始化为False。# 这个数组用于记录在曲线跟踪过程中哪些像素点已经被访问过。curve_points = []start = find_nearest_edge_point(edges,x1,y1)stack = [start]# stack是一个先进后出(LIFO) 或先进先出(FIFO) 的数据结构, 用于实现DFS或BFS算法, 从起始点开始逐步扩展, 找到与之相连的边缘像素点while len(stack) > 0:# 从stack中弹出(删除并返回)最后一个元素,这个元素是一个像素点的坐标(x, y)# print(len(stack))x, y = stack.pop()# if len(stack) == 1:#     print("stack = 1 ")#     if switch_direction == "right_up":#         x, y = find_max_x_min_y(curve_points)  # 找到最右上的点#         print("x,y", x, y)#         nx, ny = find_nearest_edge_point(edges, x, y)  # 找附近的点#         print("near x,y", nx, ny)#         if 0 <= nx < w and 0 <= ny < h and not visited[ny, nx] and edges[ny, nx] > 0:#             stack.append((nx, ny))#             print("append:", x, y)# 检查弹出的像素点坐标是否在图像范围内,以及是否已经被访问过。# 如果任一条件满足,说明该像素点无效或已被访问,则执行continue语句,跳过当前循环的剩余部分,继续执行下一次循环。if x < 0 or x >= w or y < 0 or y >= h or visited[y, x]:# print("x:",x,"w:",w,"y:",y,"h:",h)continue# 将当前像素点标记为已访问visited[y, x] = True# 将当前像素点的坐标添加到curve_points列表中,用于存储曲线上的所有点if (        not is_point_near_vertical_line(x, y, vertical_lines, 4)and not is_point_near_horizontal_line(x, y,horizontal_lines,4)and not is_point_in_KRPM(x,y,KRPM_points)):curve_points.append((x, y))# if switch_direction == 'right_down':#     # (x+)(y+)#     neighbors = [(x + 1, y + 1),(x + 1, y),(x, y + 1),#                  (x + 2, y + 2),(x + 2, y),(x, y + 2),#                  (x + 3, y + 3),(x + 3, y),(x, y + 3),#                  (x + 4, y + 4),(x + 4, y),(x, y + 4)#                  ]## elif switch_direction == 'right_up':#     # (x+)(y-)#     neighbors = [(x + 1, y - 1),(x + 1, y),(x, y - 1),#                  (x + 2, y - 2),(x + 2, y),(x, y - 2),#                  (x + 3, y - 3),(x + 3, y),(x, y - 3),#                  (x + 4, y - 4),(x + 4, y),(x, y - 4)##                  ]if switch_direction == 'right_down':# (x+)(y+)neighbors = [(x + 1, y + 1), (x + 1, y), (x, y + 1),(x + 2, y + 1), (x + 2, y), (x, y + 2),(x + 3, y + 1), (x + 3, y), (x, y + 3)# (x + 4, y + 1), (x + 4, y), (x, y + 4)]elif switch_direction == 'right_up':# (x+)(y-)neighbors = [(x + 1, y - 1), (x + 1, y), (x, y - 1),(x + 2, y - 2), (x + 2, y), (x, y - 2),(x + 3, y - 3), (x + 3, y), (x, y - 3),(x + 4, y - 4), (x + 4, y), (x, y - 4)]else:raise ValueError("Invalid direction. Use 'right_down' or 'right_up'.")# 定义一个列表,包含当前像素点的16相邻像素点的坐标# 遍历相邻像素点的坐标# for nx, ny in neighbors:#     # 检查相邻像素点是否在图像范围内、未被访问过、且是边缘像素点(像素值大于0)。#     # 如果所有条件都满足,说明该相邻像素点是有效的,可以加入stack#     if 0 <= nx < w and 0 <= ny < h and not visited[ny, nx] and edges[ny, nx] > 0:#         stack.append((nx, ny))point_count = 0for nx, ny in neighbors:if 0 <= nx < w and 0 <= ny < h and not visited[ny, nx] and edges[ny, nx] > 0 and not is_point_in_KRPM(x,y,KRPM_points):stack.append((nx, ny))point_count += 1if point_count == 0:if direction == "right_up" and switch_direction == "right_up":switch_direction = "right_down"print("from up switch to down")# 针对曲线先从下到右上然后又转右下的情况return curve_pointsdef find_max_x_min_y(curve_points):if not curve_points:return Nonemax_x = 0min_y = 10000for x, y in curve_points:if x > max_x:max_x = xif y < min_y:min_y = y#print(max_x,min_y)return max_x,min_ydef is_point_near_horizontal_line(x, y, horizontal_lines, thickness=2):"""判断坐标 (x, y) 是否在水平线的范围内，考虑一定的厚度参数：x, y: 坐标horizontal_lines: 水平线的列表，每个元素为 (x1, y1, x2, y2)thickness: 厚度，默认为 2返回值：如果坐标 (x, y) 在水平线的范围内，则返回 True；否则返回 False"""for line in horizontal_lines:x1, y1, x2, y2 = line# 检查点的 y 坐标是否在水平线的 y 坐标范围内，考虑厚度if y1 - thickness <= y <= y1 + thickness:# 检查点的 x 坐标是否在水平线的 x 坐标范围内if min(x1, x2) <= x <= max(x1, x2):return Truereturn Falsedef is_point_near_vertical_line(x, y, vertical_lines, thickness=2):"""判断坐标 (x, y) 是否在垂直线的范围内，考虑一定的厚度参数：x, y: 坐标vertical_lines: 垂直线的列表，每个元素为 (x1, y1, x2, y2)thickness: 厚度，默认为 2返回值：如果坐标 (x, y) 在垂直线的范围内，则返回 True；否则返回 False"""for line in vertical_lines:x1, y1, x2, y2 = line# 检查点的 x 坐标是否在垂直线的 x 坐标范围内，考虑厚度if x1 - thickness <= x <= x1 + thickness:# 检查点的 y 坐标是否在垂直线的 y 坐标范围内if min(y1, y2) <= y <= max(y1, y2):return Truereturn Falsedef remove_KRPM_points_from_edges(edges, KRPM_points):edges_copy = edges.copy()for x, y in KRPM_points:edges_copy[y, x] = 0return edges_copydef is_point_in_KRPM(x, y, KRPM_points):return (x, y) in KRPM_points# call track function
# x_start, y_start = 69, 78  # KRPM 右下曲线
# x_start, y_start = 68,334   # Wout 抛物线 右上右下# 跟踪曲线
# 传入边缘图像、起始点和搜索方向,获得曲线点集合# KRPM 曲线控制
x_start, y_start = 69, 78  # KRPM 右下曲线
KRPM_points =track_curve_kRPM(edges,x_start,y_start)# 从 edges 中分离出 KRPM_points
edges_without_KRPM = remove_KRPM_points_from_edges(edges, KRPM_points)# EFF曲线控制
# x_start, y_start = 54,262  # Eff 抛物线 右上右下
# curve_points =track_curve_eff(edges,x_start,y_start,KRPM_points)# Wout
x_start, y_start = 68,334   # Wout 抛物线 右上右下
curve_points =track_curve_eff(edges,x_start,y_start,KRPM_points)# 检查是否找到了曲线点
if not curve_points:raise ValueError("没有找到曲线点，请检查起始点和方向")# 可视化提取的曲线数据点plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
# 激活第二个子图
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.title("Edge Detection & Start Point")
# plt.imshow(edges, cmap='gray')
# plt.scatter(x_start, y_start, c='red')  # 可视化初始点
# plt.axis('on')curve_x, curve_y = zip(*KRPM_points)
plt.title("kRPM Track ")
plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
plt.scatter(curve_x, curve_y, s=1, c='red')
plt.axis('on')plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.title("Curve Tracking ")
curve_x, curve_y = zip(*curve_points)
plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
plt.scatter(curve_x, curve_y, s=1, c='red')
plt.axis('on')
plt.show()

2、直线数据还原

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression# 读取图像并转换为灰度图像
image = cv2.imread('1.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)# 使用Canny边缘检测
edges = cv2.Canny(gray, 50, 150, apertureSize=3)# 使用霍夫变换检测直线
lines = cv2.HoughLinesP(edges, 1, np.pi / 180, threshold=100, minLineLength=100, maxLineGap=10)# 过滤掉水平和垂直线条并绘制检测到的线条
filtered_lines = []
for line in lines:x1, y1, x2, y2 = line[0]if abs(x1 - x2) > 10 and abs(y1 - y2) > 10:  # 过滤掉接近水平和垂直的线条filtered_lines.append((x1, y1, x2, y2))cv2.line(image, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (0, 255, 0), 2)# 显示过滤后的直线
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.title('Filtered Lines')
plt.show()# 拟合直线方程
for line in filtered_lines:x1, y1, x2, y2 = linex_coords = np.array([x1, x2]).reshape(-1, 1)y_coords = np.array([y1, y2])reg = LinearRegression().fit(x_coords, y_coords)slope = reg.coef_[0]intercept = reg.intercept_print(f'Line: y = {slope:.2f}x + {intercept:.2f}')