ES基本操作（Java API）

1. 导入restClient依赖

     <!--     es      --><dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId><version>7.12.1</version></dependency>

 <!--     fastjson     --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>2.0.39</version> <!-- 使用最新稳定版 --></dependency>

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2. 了解ES核心客户端API

核心区别对比

特性	RestHighLevelClient	RestClient
定位	高级客户端（封装常用操作，推荐使用）	底层HTTP客户端（更灵活，更复杂）
API风格	面向对象（如 IndexRequest, SearchRequest）	基于HTTP请求构建（如 Request, Response）
维护状态	官方已停止维护（ES 7.15+）	仍维护（但推荐迁移到新客户端）
依赖关系	基于 RestClient 实现	是 RestHighLevelClient 的底层依赖
适用场景	快速开发标准功能	需要自定义请求或访问未封装API

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3. 将RestHighLevelClient注册成Bean

package com.example.demo.config;import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class ElasticSearchConfig {public static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1"; // es地址public static final int PORT = 9200; // es端口/*** 创建RestClient对象* @return*/@Beanpublic RestHighLevelClient restClient() {return new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost(HOST, PORT)));}
}

4. 索引库基本操作

1. 创建索引库

创建包和类用于保存索引结构：constants.HotelConstants

package com.example.demo.constants;public class HotelConstants {public static final String MAPPER_TEMPLATE_USER = "{\n" +"  \"settings\": {\n" +"    \"number_of_shards\": 3,\n" +"    \"number_of_replicas\": 1,\n" +"    \"analysis\": {\n" +"      \"analyzer\": {\n" +"        \"ik_smart\": {\n" +"          \"type\": \"custom\",\n" +"          \"tokenizer\": \"ik_smart\"\n" +"        },\n" +"        \"ik_max_word\": {\n" +"          \"type\": \"custom\",\n" +"          \"tokenizer\": \"ik_max_word\"\n" +"        }\n" +"      }\n" +"    }\n" +"  },\n" +"  \"mappings\": {\n" +"    \"dynamic\": \"strict\",\n" +"    \"properties\": {\n" +"      \"id\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"keyword\"\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"username\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"text\",\n" +"        \"analyzer\": \"ik_max_word\",\n" +"        \"fields\": {\n" +"          \"keyword\": {\n" +"            \"type\": \"keyword\",\n" +"            \"ignore_above\": 256\n" +"          }\n" +"        },\n" +"        \"copy_to\": \"combined_search\"\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"password\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"keyword\",\n" +"        \"index\": false\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"phone\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"keyword\",\n" +"        \"ignore_above\": 20\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"createTime\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"date\",\n" +"        \"format\": \"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis\"\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"updateTime\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"date\",\n" +"        \"format\": \"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis\"\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"status\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"integer\",\n" +"        \"null_value\": 1\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"balance\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"integer\",\n" +"        \"null_value\": 0\n" +"      },\n" +"      \"combined_search\": {\n" +"        \"type\": \"text\",\n" +"        \"analyzer\": \"ik_smart\"\n" +"      }\n" +"    }\n" +"  }\n" +"}";}

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 /*** 创建索引库*/@Testpublic void createIndex() throws IOException {// 创建请求，指定索引库名称CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("user");//执行与数据库相对于的映射JSONCreateIndexRequest source = request.source(HotelConstants.MAPPER_TEMPLATE_USER, XContentType.JSON);// 发送请求//RequestOptions.DEFAULT：默认请求client.indices().create(source, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);}

执行前先确定是否删除user索引库，客户端查询一下如果为空就是删除了

#
GET /user#
DELETE /user

运行测试方法后再次查询

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2. 判断索引库是否存在

    /*** 判断索引库是否存在* @throws IOException*/@Testvoid testIndexExists() throws IOException {// 创建请求，指定索引库名称GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest("user");// 发送请求，判断索引库是否存在boolean exists = client.indices().exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);// 打印结果，true表示存在，false表示不存在System.out.println(exists);}

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3. 删除索引库

    /*** 删除索引库* @throws IOException*/@Testvoid testDeleteIndex() throws IOException {// 创建请求，指定索引库名称DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("user");// 发送请求client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);}

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5. 文档操作

1. 新增文档        

    /*** 新增文档*/@Testpublic void addDoc() throws IOException, JSONException {// 读取数据库数据，发送请求，指定文档内容User user = userService.getById(1);// 创建请求，指定索引库名称IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("user").id(user.getId().toString());//转jsonindexRequest.source(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);// 发送请求client.index(indexRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);}

2. 查询文档

 /*** 查询文档*/@Testpublic void getDoc() throws IOException {// 创建请求，指定索引库名称和文档idGetRequest getRequest = new GetRequest("user", "1");// 发送请求GetResponse response = client.get(getRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);// 打印结果System.out.println(response.getSourceAsString());//转user对象User user = JSON.parseObject(response.getSourceAsString(), User.class);System.out.println(user);}

3. 更新文档

全量更新：重新添加一个包含所有的文档，ES会先将原来的删除再新增

局部更新：添加部分数据（不包括ID），ES会将相关字段值更新                

 /*** 修改文档*/@Testpublic void updateDoc() throws IOException {// 创建请求，指定索引库名称和文档idUser user = userService.getById(1);// 修改数据user.setUsername("admin");// 发送请求UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("user", user.getId().toString());// 转jsonupdateRequest.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);// 发送请求client.update(updateRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);}

4. 删除文档

/*** 删除文档*/@Testpublic void deleteDoc() throws IOException {// 创建请求，删除文档id=1DeleteRequest deleteRequest = new DeleteRequest("user").id("1");// 发送请求client.delete(deleteRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);// 打印结果System.out.println("删除成功");}

5. 批处理

 /*** 批处理*/@Testpublic void batchAddDoc() throws IOException {// 创建批处理请求BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();// 获取数据库数据List<User> list = userService.list();// 遍历集合，添加批处理请求for (User user : list) {IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("user").id(user.getId().toString());indexRequest.source(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON);bulkRequest.add(indexRequest);}// 发送请求client.bulk(bulkRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);}

6. 全文检索（倒排索引）

GET /item/_search
{"query": {"match": {"name": "莎米特SUMMIT"}}
}

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 /*** 搜索* 根据名称使用倒排索引搜索* @throws IOException*/@Testpublic void searchByNameSimple() throws IOException {// 1. 创建搜索请求（指定索引名）SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("item");// 2. 构建查询条件（name字段匹配"莎米特SUMMIT"）SearchSourceBuilder source = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "OXLA欧莎2018")) // 基础分词查询.from(0)  // 页码（从0开始）.size(100); // 每页条数 默认10// 3. 执行查询SearchResponse response = client.search(request.source(source), RequestOptions.DEFAULT);// 4. 打印结果System.out.println("找到 " + response.getHits().getTotalHits().value + " 条结果:");for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {String name = (String) hit.getSourceAsMap().get("name");System.out.println("ID: " + hit.getId() + " | 名称: " + name);}}

7. 精确查找

 /*** 精确搜索* @throws IOException*/@Testpublic void exactSearch() throws IOException {// 1. 创建搜索请求SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("item");// 2. 构建精确查询条件SearchSourceBuilder source = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("category", "拉杆箱")) // 使用.keyword字段.size(5);// 3. 执行查询SearchResponse response = client.search(request.source(source), RequestOptions.DEFAULT);// 4. 处理结果System.out.println("精确匹配结果数: " + response.getHits().getTotalHits().value);for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {System.out.println("ID: " + hit.getId() +"| 分类: "+ hit.getSourceAsMap().get("category")+ " | 名称: " + hit.getSourceAsMap().get("name"));}}

8. Bool Query（复合查询|条件查询）

布尔查询允许组合多个子查询，支持四种逻辑条件：

子句类型	说明	类比SQL	是否影响相关性评分
must	必须满足的所有条件（AND逻辑）	WHERE a AND b	✅ 是
should	至少满足一个条件（OR逻辑），可通过minimum_should_match调整	WHERE a OR b	✅ 是
must_not	必须不满足的条件（NOT逻辑）	WHERE NOT a	❌ 否
filter	必须满足的条件，但不影响评分（高性能过滤）	WHERE a	❌ 否

  @Test  // 标记为测试方法public void testBoolQuerySearch() throws Exception {// ==================== 1. 构建布尔查询 ====================BoolQueryBuilder boolQuery = QueryBuilders.boolQuery()// MUST条件（必须满足）:// - 商品名称包含"智能手机"（使用ik_smart分词器）.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "防蓝光老花眼镜"))// - 商品状态必须为1（精确匹配）.must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("status", 1))// SHOULD条件（至少满足一个）:// - 品牌是"华为"或"小米"（使用OR逻辑）.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("brand", "莎米特")).should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("brand", "黛丝")).minimumShouldMatch(1)  // 至少满足1个should条件// MUST_NOT条件（必须不满足）:// - 价格不能高于1000元.mustNot(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("price").gt(1000))// - 不能是广告商品.mustNot(QueryBuilders.termQuery("isAD", true))// FILTER条件（必须满足，但不影响评分）:// - 库存必须大于0.filter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("stock").gt(0));// - 创建时间在2024年内（日期范围查询）/*   .filter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("create_time").gte("2018-1-1 00:00:00")  // 大于等于起始时间.lte("2024-12-31 23:59:59")) // 小于等于结束时间// - 分类必须是"电子产品"或"数码配件"（精确匹配）.filter(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("category.keyword", "老花镜", "数码配件"));*/// ==================== 2. 配置查询请求 ====================SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(boolQuery)      // 设置查询条件.from(0)              // 分页起始位置（第1页）.size(10)             // 每页返回10条.sort("price", SortOrder.ASC)      // 按价格升序.sort("_score", SortOrder.DESC);   // 按相关性降序// ==================== 3. 执行查询 ====================SearchResponse response = client.search(new SearchRequest("item")  // 指定索引名.source(sourceBuilder), // 设置查询参数RequestOptions.DEFAULT     // 默认请求选项);// ==================== 4. 处理结果 ====================System.out.println("命中数量: " + response.getHits().getTotalHits().value);// 遍历结果并打印关键信息Arrays.stream(response.getHits().getHits()).forEach(hit -> {System.out.println("\n========== 商品信息 ==========");System.out.println("ID: " + hit.getId());System.out.println("名称: " + hit.getSourceAsMap().get("name"));System.out.println("价格: ￥" + hit.getSourceAsMap().get("price"));System.out.println("品牌: " + hit.getSourceAsMap().get("brand"));System.out.println("库存: " + hit.getSourceAsMap().get("stock"));});

9. 排序

    /*** 排序示例* @throws Exception*/@Testpublic void testSortingExamples() throws Exception {// ==================== 1. 基础排序 ====================// 示例1: 按价格升序排序SearchSourceBuilder priceAscBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).sort("price", SortOrder.ASC)  // 价格从低到高.size(5);// 示例2: 按创建时间降序排序(新品优先)SearchSourceBuilder newFirstBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).sort("createTime", SortOrder.DESC)  // 最新创建的商品在前.size(5);// ==================== 2. 多字段排序 ====================// 示例3: 先按品牌字母序，再按价格降序SearchSourceBuilder multiFieldBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).sort("brand.keyword", SortOrder.ASC)  // 品牌名A-Z排序.sort("price", SortOrder.DESC)         // 同品牌中价格高的在前.size(5);// ==================== 3. 特殊排序 ====================// 示例4: 按库存升序(库存少的优先)SearchSourceBuilder stockSortBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).sort("stock", SortOrder.ASC).size(5);// 示例5: 按销量降序(热销商品在前)SearchSourceBuilder soldSortBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).sort("sold", SortOrder.DESC).size(5);// ==================== 4. 执行并打印结果 ====================// 执行价格排序查询System.out.println("======== 按价格升序排序 ========");SearchResponse priceResponse = client.search(new SearchRequest("item").source(priceAscBuilder),RequestOptions.DEFAULT);printResults(priceResponse);// 执行新品排序查询System.out.println("\n======== 按新品排序(创建时间降序) ========");SearchResponse newResponse = client.search(new SearchRequest("item").source(newFirstBuilder),RequestOptions.DEFAULT);printResults(newResponse);// 执行多字段排序查询System.out.println("\n======== 多字段排序(品牌A-Z,价格高-低) ========");SearchResponse multiResponse = client.search(new SearchRequest("item").source(multiFieldBuilder),RequestOptions.DEFAULT);printResults(multiResponse);}// 打印结果的辅助方法private void printResults(SearchResponse response) {Arrays.stream(response.getHits().getHits()).forEach(hit -> {Map<String, Object> source = hit.getSourceAsMap();System.out.printf("ID: %s | 名称: %-20s | 价格: %-6s | 品牌: %-8s | 库存: %-4s | 创建时间: %s\n",hit.getId(),source.get("name"),source.get("price"),source.get("brand"),source.get("stock"),source.get("createTime"));});}

10. 分页

1. 四种分页场景实现：

   • testBasicPagination(): 首页商品列表，按销量+上新时间排序

   • testCategoryPagination(): 分类页，带精确分类筛选和价格排序

   • testSearchPagination(): 搜索页，支持关键词高亮显示

   • testDeepPagination(): 深度分页，使用search_after技术

/*** 基础分页查询 - 首页商品列表* 特点：按综合排序（销量+上新）*/@Testpublic void testBasicPagination() throws Exception {int page = 1; // 当前页码int size = 10; // 每页数量SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("status", 1)) // 只查询上架商品.from((page - 1) * size).size(size).sort("sold", SortOrder.DESC) // 按销量降序.sort("create_time", SortOrder.DESC) // 再按创建时间降序.fetchSource(new String[]{"id", "name", "price", "image", "sold"}, null); // 只返回必要字段SearchResponse response = client.search(new SearchRequest("item").source(builder),RequestOptions.DEFAULT);printPageResult(response, page, size);}/*** 分类页分页 - 带筛选条件* 特点：分类筛选+多维度排序*/@Testpublic void testCategoryPagination() throws Exception {int page = 1;int size = 15;String category = "老花镜";BoolQueryBuilder boolQuery = QueryBuilders.boolQuery().must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("category.keyword", category)) // 精确分类匹配.must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("status", 1)) // 上架商品.filter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("stock").gt(0)); // 有库存SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(boolQuery).from((page - 1) * size).size(size).sort("price", SortOrder.ASC) // 按价格升序.sort("sold", SortOrder.DESC) // 再按销量降序.fetchSource(new String[]{"id", "name", "price", "image", "brand"}, null);SearchResponse response = client.search(new SearchRequest("item").source(builder),RequestOptions.DEFAULT);printPageResult(response, page, size);}/*** 搜索分页 - 带关键词和高亮* 特点：关键词搜索+结果高亮*/@Testpublic void testSearchPagination() throws Exception {int page = 1;int size = 10;String keyword = "防蓝光";SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.boolQuery().must(QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery(keyword, "name", "spec")).must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("status", 1))).from((page - 1) * size).size(size).sort("_score", SortOrder.DESC) // 按相关性排序.sort("sold", SortOrder.DESC) // 再按销量排序.highlighter(new HighlightBuilder().field("name").field("spec").preTags("<em>").postTags("</em>")).fetchSource(new String[]{"id", "name", "price", "image"}, null);SearchResponse response = client.search(new SearchRequest("item").source(builder),RequestOptions.DEFAULT);printSearchResult(response, page, size);}/*** 深度分页 - 使用search_after* 特点：适合无限滚动加载*/@Testpublic void testDeepPagination() throws Exception {// 模拟上一页最后一条的排序值Object[] lastSortValues = new Object[]{50000, "2023-05-01T10:00:00.000Z"};int size = 10;SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("status", 1)).size(size).sort("sold", SortOrder.DESC) // 必须与lastSortValues中的顺序一致.sort("create_time", SortOrder.DESC).searchAfter(lastSortValues).fetchSource(new String[]{"id", "name", "price", "sold"}, null);SearchResponse response = client.search(new SearchRequest("item").source(builder),RequestOptions.DEFAULT);printPageResult(response, -1, size); // -1表示未知页码}// ==================== 辅助方法 ====================/*** 打印分页结果*/private void printPageResult(SearchResponse response, int currentPage, int pageSize) {long totalHits = response.getHits().getTotalHits().value;int totalPages = (int) Math.ceil((double) totalHits / pageSize);if (currentPage > 0) {System.out.printf("\n=== 第 %d 页 (共 %d 页，每页 %d 条) ===\n",currentPage, totalPages, pageSize);} else {System.out.println("\n=== 深度分页结果 ===");}Arrays.stream(response.getHits().getHits()).forEach(hit -> {Map<String, Object> source = hit.getSourceAsMap();System.out.printf("ID: %s | 商品: %-25s | 价格: %-6s | 销量: %-5s | 图片: %s\n",hit.getId(),source.get("name"),source.get("price"),source.get("sold"),source.get("image"));});}/*** 打印搜索结果（带高亮）*/private void printSearchResult(SearchResponse response, int currentPage, int pageSize) {System.out.printf("\n=== 搜索第 %d 页 ===\n", currentPage);Arrays.stream(response.getHits().getHits()).forEach(hit -> {Map<String, Object> source = hit.getSourceAsMap();Map<String, HighlightField> highlights = hit.getHighlightFields();// 获取高亮名称String nameHighlight = highlights.containsKey("name") ?highlights.get("name").fragments()[0].string() :source.get("name").toString();// 获取高亮规格String specHighlight = highlights.containsKey("spec") ?highlights.get("spec").fragments()[0].string() :source.getOrDefault("spec", "").toString();System.out.printf("ID: %s | 商品: %-25s | 价格: %-6s | 规格: %s\n",hit.getId(),nameHighlight,source.get("price"),specHighlight);});}