Python项目73：自动化文件备份系统1.0（tkinter）

主要功能说明：
1.界面组件：源文件夹和目标文件夹选择（带浏览按钮），备份间隔时间设置（分钟），立即备份按钮，自动备份切换按钮，状态栏显示备份状态。
2.进度条显示：使用ttk.Progressbar实现精确进度显示，根据实际文件数量更新进度，实时显示已复制文件数量。
3.文件过滤功能：包含：*.docx, *.xlsx，排除：temp, ~$，支持包含/排除模式（支持通配符）。
4.日志记录系统：自动生成backup_log.txt，记录每次备份的详细信息，支持查看日志窗口（带滚动条）。
5.增量备份选项：通过MD5哈希比较文件内容，仅复制修改过的文件，可切换完整/增量备份模式。

6.使用说明：设置源目录和目标目录，配置过滤规则（可选），选择备份模式（完整/增量），设置自动备份间隔，通过按钮执行立即备份或自动备份，可随时查看备份日志。使用独立线程进行自动备份，避免界面卡顿，自动生成带时间戳的备份目录，实时状态反馈，错误处理机制。

7.注意事项：需要确保目标驱动器有足够空间，长时间运行的自动备份建议在后台运行，第一次使用时建议先进行手动备份测试，增量备份基于文件内容比对，大文件可能会影响性能，过滤规则支持标准shell通配符语法，日志文件保存在程序运行目录，进度条精度取决于文件数量而非大小。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author : 小红牛
# 微信公众号：WdPython
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox, ttk
import shutil
import os
from datetime import datetime
import threading
import time
import fnmatch
import hashlibclass BackupApp:def __init__(self, root):self.root = rootself.root.title("高级自动备份工具")self.root.geometry("650x450")# 初始化变量self.is_auto_backup_running = Falseself.total_files = 0self.copied_files = 0self.backup_mode = tk.StringVar(value="full")  # 备份模式# 创建界面组件self.create_widgets()self.setup_logging()def setup_logging(self):"""初始化日志系统"""self.log_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "backup_log.txt")if not os.path.exists(self.log_path):with open(self.log_path, "w") as f:f.write("备份日志记录\n\n")def create_widgets(self):# 创建主容器main_frame = ttk.Frame(self.root)main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)# 源文件夹选择source_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="源目录设置")source_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="we", pady=5)self.source_entry = ttk.Entry(source_frame, width=50)self.source_entry.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Button(source_frame, text="浏览...", command=self.select_source).grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)# 目标文件夹选择target_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="目标目录设置")target_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="we", pady=5)self.target_entry = ttk.Entry(target_frame, width=50)self.target_entry.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Button(target_frame, text="浏览...", command=self.select_target).grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)# 过滤设置filter_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="文件过滤设置")filter_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="we", pady=5, padx=5)ttk.Label(filter_frame, text="包含模式（逗号分隔）:").grid(row=0, column=0)self.include_pattern = ttk.Entry(filter_frame)self.include_pattern.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)ttk.Label(filter_frame, text="排除模式（逗号分隔）:").grid(row=1, column=0)self.exclude_pattern = ttk.Entry(filter_frame)self.exclude_pattern.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5)# 备份设置setting_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(main_frame, text="备份设置")setting_frame.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky="we", pady=5, padx=5)ttk.Label(setting_frame, text="间隔（分钟）:").grid(row=0, column=0)self.interval_entry = ttk.Entry(setting_frame, width=8)self.interval_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5)self.interval_entry.insert(0, "60")ttk.Radiobutton(setting_frame, text="完整备份", variable=self.backup_mode, value="full").grid(row=1, column=0)ttk.Radiobutton(setting_frame, text="增量备份", variable=self.backup_mode, value="incremental").grid(row=1,column=1)# 进度条self.progress = ttk.Progressbar(main_frame, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, mode='determinate')self.progress.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="we", pady=10)# 按钮区域btn_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)btn_frame.grid(row=4, column=0, columnspan=3, pady=10)ttk.Button(btn_frame, text="立即备份", command=self.manual_backup).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.auto_btn = ttk.Button(btn_frame, text="开始自动备份", command=self.toggle_auto_backup)self.auto_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)ttk.Button(btn_frame, text="查看日志", command=self.show_logs).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)# 状态栏self.status_label = ttk.Label(main_frame, text="状态: 就绪", relief=tk.SUNKEN)self.status_label.grid(row=5, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="we")def select_source(self):path = filedialog.askdirectory()if path:self.source_entry.delete(0, tk.END)self.source_entry.insert(0, path)def select_target(self):path = filedialog.askdirectory()if path:self.target_entry.delete(0, tk.END)self.target_entry.insert(0, path)def manual_backup(self):threading.Thread(target=self.perform_backup, daemon=True).start()def should_include(self, file_path):"""文件过滤逻辑"""include = self.include_pattern.get().strip()exclude = self.exclude_pattern.get().strip()filename = os.path.basename(file_path)# 包含规则if include:patterns = [p.strip() for p in include.split(",")]if not any(fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, p) for p in patterns):return False# 排除规则if exclude:patterns = [p.strip() for p in exclude.split(",")]if any(fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, p) for p in patterns):return Falsereturn Truedef get_file_hash(self, file_path):"""计算文件哈希值（用于增量备份）"""hasher = hashlib.md5()with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:while chunk := f.read(8192):hasher.update(chunk)return hasher.hexdigest()def perform_backup(self):"""执行备份的核心方法"""try:source = self.source_entry.get()target = self.target_entry.get()if not source or not target:messagebox.showerror("错误", "请先选择源文件夹和目标文件夹")returntimestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")backup_folder = os.path.join(target, f"backup_{timestamp}")os.makedirs(backup_folder, exist_ok=True)# 获取文件列表并过滤all_files = []for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source):for file in files:full_path = os.path.join(root, file)if self.should_include(full_path):all_files.append(full_path)self.total_files = len(all_files)self.copied_files = 0self.progress['maximum'] = self.total_filesself.progress['value'] = 0# 记录日志log_entry = {'timestamp': datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),'source': source,'target': backup_folder,'mode': self.backup_mode.get(),'status': 'success','files': 0}# 执行备份for file_path in all_files:if not self.is_auto_backup_running and self.backup_mode.get() == "incremental":break  # 允许取消增量备份rel_path = os.path.relpath(file_path, source)dest_path = os.path.join(backup_folder, rel_path)os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(dest_path), exist_ok=True)# 增量备份检查if self.backup_mode.get() == "incremental":if os.path.exists(dest_path):src_hash = self.get_file_hash(file_path)dst_hash = self.get_file_hash(dest_path)if src_hash == dst_hash:continueshutil.copy2(file_path, dest_path)self.copied_files += 1self.update_progress()log_entry['files'] = self.copied_filesself.log_backup(log_entry)self.update_status(f"备份完成：复制 {self.copied_files}/{self.total_files} 个文件")except Exception as e:self.update_status(f"备份失败：{str(e)}")messagebox.showerror("错误", str(e))log_entry['status'] = 'failed'log_entry['error'] = str(e)self.log_backup(log_entry)def update_progress(self):"""更新进度条"""self.progress['value'] = self.copied_filesself.root.update_idletasks()def log_backup(self, entry):"""记录备份日志"""with open(self.log_path, "a") as f:f.write(f"[{entry['timestamp']}] {entry['mode'].upper()}备份 "f"源目录: {entry['source']}\n目标目录: {entry['target']}\n"f"状态: {entry['status'].upper()} 文件数: {entry['files']}\n")if 'error' in entry:f.write(f"错误信息: {entry['error']}\n")f.write("-" * 50 + "\n")def show_logs(self):"""显示日志窗口"""log_win = tk.Toplevel(self.root)log_win.title("备份日志")text_area = tk.Text(log_win, wrap=tk.WORD, width=80, height=20)scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(log_win, command=text_area.yview)text_area.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)with open(self.log_path, "r") as f:text_area.insert(tk.END, f.read())text_area.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)scroll.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)def toggle_auto_backup(self):if not self.is_auto_backup_running:try:interval = int(self.interval_entry.get()) * 60if interval <= 0:raise ValueErrorexcept ValueError:messagebox.showerror("错误", "请输入有效的正整数分钟数")returnself.is_auto_backup_running = Trueself.auto_btn.config(text="停止自动备份")self.update_status("自动备份已启动...")self.auto_backup_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.auto_backup_loop, args=(interval,), daemon=True)self.auto_backup_thread.start()else:self.is_auto_backup_running = Falseself.auto_btn.config(text="开始自动备份")self.update_status("自动备份已停止")def auto_backup_loop(self, interval):while self.is_auto_backup_running:self.perform_backup()for _ in range(interval):if not self.is_auto_backup_running:returntime.sleep(1)def update_status(self, message):self.status_label.config(text=f"状态: {message}")if __name__ == "__main__":root = tk.Tk()app = BackupApp(root)root.mainloop()

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