Python量化交易12——Tushare全面获取各种经济金融数据

两年前写过Tushare的简单使用：
Python量化交易08——利用Tushare获取日K数据_skshare-

现在更新一下吧，这两年用过不少的金融数据库，akshare，baostock，雅虎的，pd自带的......发现还是Tushare最稳定最好用，虽然他收费，但是收费的东西质量确实好一点。

可能我以后也会用Tushare偏多了，这里就演示一下怎么用Tushare获取各种金融或者是宏观经济的数据，总比去什么万德，去什么同花顺，去什么统计年鉴一个个复制粘贴好吧.......

本次就获取K线数据，市盈率，市净率，换手率，还有宏观经济的GDP,LPR,CPI,PPI,PMI,M0,M1,M2,还有财务报表里面的指标，资产负债表，现金流量表，利润表等进行演示。

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代码实现

先导入包：

import tushare as ts
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

然后输入自己的api_token，我这里把我的打码了。

#获取api接口
token = '7************************************4b25'
ts.set_token(token)
pro = ts.pro_api()

api_token相当于是自己的账号标识，tushare用这个表示不同的用户，以此来看是不是有足够的积分获取不同类型的数据。不知道怎么申请的去官网注册一下，然后看看这里官方文档就行了：如何获取token

注意本文可能有的指标需要积分大于2000或者5000才能获取。

# 初始化一些参数

start_date='20230401'   ;   end_date='20250431'
index_codes=['000001.SH','399001.SZ','399006.SZ','000300.SH']
stock_codes=['600519.SH','601318.SH','600276.SH']

因为任何经济数据都有日期范围的，我们就随便设一下就好，然后 index_codes是指数代码，stock_codes是个股代码，我这里随便选了几个，方便演示。例如000001.SH是上证指数,'000300.SH是沪深300指数。399001.SZ是深证成指。

 '600519.SH' 是贵州茅台，,'601318.SH'是中国平安，'600276.SH是恒瑞医药。

下面开始演示怎么用代码获取数据。

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基础交易数据

指数交易数据

指数的日K交易数据的接口如下，我们这里面用index_codes[0]第0个，也就是上证指数来作为演示。

trade_data=pro.index_daily(ts_code=index_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index()
pe_data=pro.index_dailybasic(ts_code=index_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index().drop(columns='ts_code')

trade_data就是K线数据，每日的收盘开盘，成交量，金额什么的，展示前三行看看：

trade_data.head(3)

pe_data里面就是什么市值，市盈率，市净率，换手率之类的指标，如下：

展示前三行看看： 

pe_data.head(3)

 

个股交易数据

上面是指数数据的，个股的数据是类似的，就是接口有点不一样。

们这里面用stocks_codes[0]第0个，也就是贵州茅台来作为演示。

trade_data=pro.daily(ts_code=stock_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index()
pe_data=pro.daily_basic(ts_code=stock_codes[0], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date).set_index('trade_date').sort_index().drop(columns='ts_code')

还是一样的K线数据和换手率等指标连个表，展示一下前几行。

trade_data.head(3)

pe_data.head(3)

 

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宏观经济指标

上面这都是个股的交易K线数据，下面展示一些常见的宏观经济指标，论文和研究用的都比较多的：

贷款基础利率

### 贷款基础利率
lpr=pro.shibor_lpr(start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date, fields='date,1y').rename(columns={"1y":'LPR'}).set_index('date').sort_index()
lpr.index = pd.to_datetime(lpr.index, format='%Y-%m-%d')
lpr = lpr.resample('D').ffill()
lpr

GDP

### gdp
gdp=pro.cn_gdp(start_q='2023Q2', end_q='2025Q3', fields='quarter,gdp,pi,si,ti')#.set_index('quarter').sort_index()
gdp

需要时间更长的就把start_q='2023Q2', end_q='2025Q3', 里面改成自己需要的时间段就好了。GDP本就是季度数据，每一个季度就只有一个值。

CPI   

物价指数

cpi=pro.cn_cpi(start_m='201407', end_m='202407', fields='month,nt_val')
cpi

PPI

ppi=pro.cn_ppi(start_m='201407', end_m='202407', fields='month,ppi_yoy')
ppi

PMI  

PMI=pro.cn_pmi(start_m='201407', end_m='202407', fields='month,pmi010000,pmi030000')
PMI

货币供应量

M=pro.cn_m(start_m='201407', end_m='202407',  fields='month,m0,m1,m2')
M

社融

## 社会融资
SR=pro.sf_month(start_m='201407', end_m='202407',fields='month,inc_month')
SR

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财务报表

财务的同学可能有的需要资产负债表，现金流量表，利润表里面的东西。

tushare很方便就能获取一个公式的全部财务数据，数据也是季度的。

利润表

income_data = pro.income(ts_code=stock_codes[1], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date)#.drop(columns=columns1)
income_data

 

资产负债表

balance_sheet = pro.balancesheet(ts_code=stock_codes[1], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date)#.drop_duplicates(['报告期']).drop(columns=columns2)
balance_sheet

现金流量表

cash_flow = pro.cashflow(ts_code=stock_codes[1], start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date)#.drop_duplicates(['报告期'])#.drop(columns=columns3)
cash_flow

有的同学说你这一个表100多个变量，全是英文看不懂怎么办。

我整理了这些变量的含义在这：
 

# 定义一个空字典来存储变量名称和描述
variables_dict = {"ts_code": "TS股票代码","ann_date": "公告日期","f_ann_date": "实际公告日期","end_date": "报告期","report_type": "报告类型 见底部表","comp_type": "公司类型(1一般工商业2银行3保险4证券)","end_type": "报告期类型","basic_eps": "基本每股收益","diluted_eps": "稀释每股收益","total_revenue": "营业总收入","revenue": "营业收入","int_income": "利息收入","prem_earned": "已赚保费","comm_income": "手续费及佣金收入","n_commis_income": "手续费及佣金净收入","n_oth_income": "其他经营净收益","n_oth_b_income": "加:其他业务净收益","prem_income": "保险业务收入","out_prem": "减:分出保费","une_prem_reser": "提取未到期责任准备金","reins_income": "其中:分保费收入","n_sec_tb_income": "代理买卖证券业务净收入","n_sec_uw_income": "证券承销业务净收入","n_asset_mg_income": "受托客户资产管理业务净收入","oth_b_income": "其他业务收入","fv_value_chg_gain": "加:公允价值变动净收益","invest_income": "加:投资净收益","ass_invest_income": "其中:对联营企业和合营企业的投资收益","forex_gain": "加:汇兑净收益","total_cogs": "营业总成本","oper_cost": "减:营业成本","int_exp": "减:利息支出","comm_exp": "减:手续费及佣金支出","biz_tax_surchg": "减:营业税金及附加","sell_exp": "减:销售费用","admin_exp": "减:管理费用","fin_exp": "减:财务费用","assets_impair_loss": "减:资产减值损失","prem_refund": "退保金","compens_payout": "赔付总支出","reser_insur_liab": "提取保险责任准备金","div_payt": "保户红利支出","reins_exp": "分保费用","oper_exp": "营业支出","compens_payout_refu": "减:摊回赔付支出","insur_reser_refu": "减:摊回保险责任准备金","reins_cost_refund": "减:摊回分保费用","other_bus_cost": "其他业务成本","operate_profit": "营业利润","non_oper_income": "加:营业外收入","non_oper_exp": "减:营业外支出","nca_disploss": "其中:减:非流动资产处置净损失","total_profit": "利润总额","income_tax": "所得税费用","n_income": "净利润(含少数股东损益)","n_income_attr_p": "净利润(不含少数股东损益)","minority_gain": "少数股东损益","oth_compr_income": "其他综合收益","t_compr_income": "综合收益总额","compr_inc_attr_p": "归属于母公司(或股东)的综合收益总额","compr_inc_attr_m_s": "归属于少数股东的综合收益总额","ebit": "息税前利润","ebitda": "息税折旧摊销前利润","insurance_exp": "保险业务支出","undist_profit": "年初未分配利润","distable_profit": "可分配利润","rd_exp": "研发费用","fin_exp_int_exp": "财务费用:利息费用","fin_exp_int_inc": "财务费用:利息收入","transfer_surplus_rese": "盈余公积转入","transfer_housing_imprest": "住房周转金转入","transfer_oth": "其他转入","adj_lossgain": "调整以前年度损益","withdra_legal_surplus": "提取法定盈余公积","withdra_legal_pubfund": "提取法定公益金","withdra_biz_devfund": "提取企业发展基金","withdra_rese_fund": "提取储备基金","withdra_oth_ersu": "提取任意盈余公积金","workers_welfare": "职工奖金福利","distr_profit_shrhder": "可供股东分配的利润","prfshare_payable_dvd": "应付优先股股利","comshare_payable_dvd": "应付普通股股利","capit_comstock_div": "转作股本的普通股股利","net_after_nr_lp_correct": "扣除非经常性损益后的净利润（更正前）","credit_impa_loss": "信用减值损失","net_expo_hedging_benefits": "净敞口套期收益","oth_impair_loss_assets": "其他资产减值损失","total_opcost": "营业总成本（二）","amodcost_fin_assets": "以摊余成本计量的金融资产终止确认收益","oth_income": "其他收益","asset_disp_income": "资产处置收益","continued_net_profit": "持续经营净利润","end_net_profit": "终止经营净利润","update_flag": "更新标识"
}# 定义一个空字典来存储变量名称和描述
variables_dict_2 = {"ts_code": "TS股票代码","ann_date": "公告日期","f_ann_date": "实际公告日期","end_date": "报告期","report_type": "报表类型","comp_type": "公司类型(1一般工商业2银行3保险4证券)","end_type": "报告期类型","total_share": "期末总股本","cap_rese": "资本公积金","undistr_porfit": "未分配利润","surplus_rese": "盈余公积金","special_rese": "专项储备","money_cap": "货币资金","trad_asset": "交易性金融资产","notes_receiv": "应收票据","accounts_receiv": "应收账款","oth_receiv": "其他应收款","prepayment": "预付款项","div_receiv": "应收股利","int_receiv": "应收利息","inventories": "存货","amor_exp": "待摊费用","nca_within_1y": "一年内到期的非流动资产","sett_rsrv": "结算备付金","loanto_oth_bank_fi": "拆出资金","premium_receiv": "应收保费","reinsur_receiv": "应收分保账款","reinsur_res_receiv": "应收分保合同准备金","pur_resale_fa": "买入返售金融资产","oth_cur_assets": "其他流动资产","total_cur_assets": "流动资产合计","fa_avail_for_sale": "可供出售金融资产","htm_invest": "持有至到期投资","lt_eqt_invest": "长期股权投资","invest_real_estate": "投资性房地产","time_deposits": "定期存款","oth_assets": "其他资产","lt_rec": "长期应收款","fix_assets": "固定资产","cip": "在建工程","const_materials": "工程物资","fixed_assets_disp": "固定资产清理","produc_bio_assets": "生产性生物资产","oil_and_gas_assets": "油气资产","intan_assets": "无形资产","r_and_d": "研发支出","goodwill": "商誉","lt_amor_exp": "长期待摊费用","defer_tax_assets": "递延所得税资产","decr_in_disbur": "发放贷款及垫款","oth_nca": "其他非流动资产","total_nca": "非流动资产合计","cash_reser_cb": "现金及存放中央银行款项","depos_in_oth_bfi": "存放同业和其它金融机构款项","prec_metals": "贵金属","deriv_assets": "衍生金融资产","rr_reins_une_prem": "应收分保未到期责任准备金","rr_reins_outstd_cla": "应收分保未决赔款准备金","rr_reins_lins_liab": "应收分保寿险责任准备金","rr_reins_lthins_liab": "应收分保长期健康险责任准备金","refund_depos": "存出保证金","ph_pledge_loans": "保户质押贷款","refund_cap_depos": "存出资本保证金","indep_acct_assets": "独立账户资产","client_depos": "其中：客户资金存款","client_prov": "其中：客户备付金","transac_seat_fee": "其中:交易席位费","invest_as_receiv": "应收款项类投资","total_assets": "资产总计","lt_borr": "长期借款","st_borr": "短期借款","cb_borr": "向中央银行借款","depos_ib_deposits": "吸收存款及同业存放","loan_oth_bank": "拆入资金","trading_fl": "交易性金融负债","notes_payable": "应付票据","acct_payable": "应付账款","adv_receipts": "预收款项","sold_for_repur_fa": "卖出回购金融资产款","comm_payable": "应付手续费及佣金","payroll_payable": "应付职工薪酬","taxes_payable": "应交税费","int_payable": "应付利息","div_payable": "应付股利","oth_payable": "其他应付款","acc_exp": "预提费用","deferred_inc": "递延收益","st_bonds_payable": "应付短期债券","payable_to_reinsurer": "应付分保账款","rsrv_insur_cont": "保险合同准备金","acting_trading_sec": "代理买卖证券款","acting_uw_sec": "代理承销证券款","non_cur_liab_due_1y": "一年内到期的非流动负债","oth_cur_liab": "其他流动负债","total_cur_liab": "流动负债合计","bond_payable": "应付债券","lt_payable": "长期应付款","specific_payables": "专项应付款","estimated_liab": "预计负债","defer_tax_liab": "递延所得税负债","defer_inc_non_cur_liab": "递延收益-非流动负债","oth_ncl": "其他非流动负债","total_ncl": "非流动负债合计","depos_oth_bfi": "同业和其它金融机构存放款项","deriv_liab": "衍生金融负债","depos": "吸收存款","agency_bus_liab": "代理业务负债","oth_liab": "其他负债","prem_receiv_adva": "预收保费","depos_received": "存入保证金","ph_invest": "保户储金及投资款","reser_une_prem": "未到期责任准备金","reser_outstd_claims": "未决赔款准备金","reser_lins_liab": "寿险责任准备金","reser_lthins_liab": "长期健康险责任准备金","indept_acc_liab": "独立账户负债","pledge_borr": "其中:质押借款","indem_payable": "应付赔付款","policy_div_payable": "应付保单红利","total_liab": "负债合计","treasury_share": "减:库存股","ordin_risk_reser": "一般风险准备","forex_differ": "外币报表折算差额","invest_loss_unconf": "未确认的投资损失","minority_int": "少数股东权益","total_hldr_eqy_exc_min_int": "股东权益合计(不含少数股东权益)","total_hldr_eqy_inc_min_int": "股东权益合计(含少数股东权益)","total_liab_hldr_eqy": "负债及股东权益总计","lt_payroll_payable": "长期应付职工薪酬","oth_comp_income": "其他综合收益","oth_eqt_tools": "其他权益工具","oth_eqt_tools_p_shr": "其他权益工具(优先股)","lending_funds": "融出资金","acc_receivable": "应收款项","st_fin_payable": "应付短期融资款","payables": "应付款项","hfs_assets": "持有待售的资产","hfs_sales": "持有待售的负债","cost_fin_assets": "以摊余成本计量的金融资产","fair_value_fin_assets": "以公允价值计量且其变动计入其他综合收益的金融资产","cip_total": "在建工程(合计)(元)","oth_pay_total": "其他应付款(合计)(元)","long_pay_total": "长期应付款(合计)(元)","debt_invest": "债权投资(元)","oth_debt_invest": "其他债权投资(元)","oth_eq_invest": "其他权益工具投资(元)","oth_illiq_fin_assets": "其他非流动金融资产(元)","oth_eq_ppbond": "其他权益工具:永续债(元)","receiv_financing": "应收款项融资","use_right_assets": "使用权资产","lease_liab": "租赁负债","contract_assets": "合同资产","contract_liab": "合同负债","accounts_receiv_bill": "应收票据及应收账款","accounts_pay": "应付票据及应付账款","oth_rcv_total": "其他应收款(合计)（元）","fix_assets_total": "固定资产(合计)(元)","update_flag": "更新标识"
}# 定义一个空字典来存储变量名称和描述
variables_dict_3 = {"ts_code": "TS股票代码","ann_date": "公告日期","f_ann_date": "实际公告日期","end_date": "报告期","comp_type": "公司类型(1一般工商业2银行3保险4证券)","report_type": "报表类型","end_type": "报告期类型","net_profit": "净利润","finan_exp": "财务费用","c_fr_sale_sg": "销售商品、提供劳务收到的现金","recp_tax_rends": "收到的税费返还","n_depos_incr_fi": "客户存款和同业存放款项净增加额","n_incr_loans_cb": "向中央银行借款净增加额","n_inc_borr_oth_fi": "向其他金融机构拆入资金净增加额","prem_fr_orig_contr": "收到原保险合同保费取得的现金","n_incr_insured_dep": "保户储金净增加额","n_reinsur_prem": "收到再保业务现金净额","n_incr_disp_tfa": "处置交易性金融资产净增加额","ifc_cash_incr": "收取利息和手续费净增加额","n_incr_disp_faas": "处置可供出售金融资产净增加额","n_incr_loans_oth_bank": "拆入资金净增加额","n_cap_incr_repur": "回购业务资金净增加额","c_fr_oth_operate_a": "收到其他与经营活动有关的现金","c_inf_fr_operate_a": "经营活动现金流入小计","c_paid_goods_s": "购买商品、接受劳务支付的现金","c_paid_to_for_empl": "支付给职工以及为职工支付的现金","c_paid_for_taxes": "支付的各项税费","n_incr_clt_loan_adv": "客户贷款及垫款净增加额","n_incr_dep_cbob": "存放央行和同业款项净增加额","c_pay_claims_orig_inco": "支付原保险合同赔付款项的现金","pay_handling_chrg": "支付手续费的现金","pay_comm_insur_plcy": "支付保单红利的现金","oth_cash_pay_oper_act": "支付其他与经营活动有关的现金","st_cash_out_act": "经营活动现金流出小计","n_cashflow_act": "经营活动产生的现金流量净额","oth_recp_ral_inv_act": "收到其他与投资活动有关的现金","c_disp_withdrwl_invest": "收回投资收到的现金","c_recp_return_invest": "取得投资收益收到的现金","n_recp_disp_fiolta": "处置固定资产、无形资产和其他长期资产收回的现金净额","n_recp_disp_sobu": "处置子公司及其他营业单位收到的现金净额","stot_inflows_inv_act": "投资活动现金流入小计","c_pay_acq_const_fiolta": "购建固定资产、无形资产和其他长期资产支付的现金","c_paid_invest": "投资支付的现金","n_disp_subs_oth_biz": "取得子公司及其他营业单位支付的现金净额","oth_pay_ral_inv_act": "支付其他与投资活动有关的现金","n_incr_pledge_loan": "质押贷款净增加额","stot_out_inv_act": "投资活动现金流出小计","n_cashflow_inv_act": "投资活动产生的现金流量净额","c_recp_borrow": "取得借款收到的现金","proc_issue_bonds": "发行债券收到的现金","oth_cash_recp_ral_fnc_act": "收到其他与筹资活动有关的现金","stot_cash_in_fnc_act": "筹资活动现金流入小计","free_cashflow": "企业自由现金流量","c_prepay_amt_borr": "偿还债务支付的现金","c_pay_dist_dpcp_int_exp": "分配股利、利润或偿付利息支付的现金","incl_dvd_profit_paid_sc_ms": "其中:子公司支付给少数股东的股利、利润","oth_cashpay_ral_fnc_act": "支付其他与筹资活动有关的现金","stot_cashout_fnc_act": "筹资活动现金流出小计","n_cash_flows_fnc_act": "筹资活动产生的现金流量净额","eff_fx_flu_cash": "汇率变动对现金的影响","n_incr_cash_cash_equ": "现金及现金等价物净增加额","c_cash_equ_beg_period": "期初现金及现金等价物余额","c_cash_equ_end_period": "期末现金及现金等价物余额","c_recp_cap_contrib": "吸收投资收到的现金","incl_cash_rec_saims": "其中:子公司吸收少数股东投资收到的现金","uncon_invest_loss": "未确认投资损失","prov_depr_assets": "加:资产减值准备","depr_fa_coga_dpba": "固定资产折旧、油气资产折耗、生产性生物资产折旧","amort_intang_assets": "无形资产摊销","lt_amort_deferred_exp": "长期待摊费用摊销","decr_deferred_exp": "待摊费用减少","incr_acc_exp": "预提费用增加","loss_disp_fiolta": "处置固定、无形资产和其他长期资产的损失","loss_scr_fa": "固定资产报废损失","loss_fv_chg": "公允价值变动损失","invest_loss": "投资损失","decr_def_inc_tax_assets": "递延所得税资产减少","incr_def_inc_tax_liab": "递延所得税负债增加","decr_inventories": "存货的减少","decr_oper_payable": "经营性应收项目的减少","incr_oper_payable": "经营性应付项目的增加","others": "其他","im_net_cashflow_oper_act": "经营活动产生的现金流量净额(间接法)","conv_debt_into_cap": "债务转为资本","conv_copbonds_due_within_1y": "一年内到期的可转换公司债券","fa_fnc_leases": "融资租入固定资产","im_n_incr_cash_equ": "现金及现金等价物净增加额(间接法)","net_dism_capital_add": "拆出资金净增加额","net_cash_rece_sec": "代理买卖证券收到的现金净额(元)","credit_impa_loss": "信用减值损失","use_right_asset_dep": "使用权资产折旧","oth_loss_asset": "其他资产减值损失","end_bal_cash": "现金的期末余额","beg_bal_cash": "减:现金的期初余额","end_bal_cash_equ": "加:现金等价物的期末余额","beg_bal_cash_equ": "减:现金等价物的期初余额","update_flag": "更新标志(1最新）"
}

还看不懂就去官网找吧，地址：

全部数据接口

官网上面还有很多数据接口，比如什么黄金，外汇，基金，债券，期货........时间原因就不演示那么多了。自己去看官网上怎么用的，都很简单。

注意有的指标可能有的指标需要积分大于2000或者5000才能获取。像美股这种话需要单独充钱。