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鸿蒙OSUniApp PWA开发实践：打造跨平台渐进式应用#三方框架 #Uniapp

article 2025/6/3 14:46:13

UniApp PWA开发实践：打造跨平台渐进式应用

前言

在过去的一年里，我们团队一直在探索如何利用UniApp框架开发高性能的PWA应用。特别是随着鸿蒙系统的普及，我们积累了不少有价值的实践经验。本文将分享我们在开发过程中的技术选型、架构设计和性能优化经验，希望能为大家提供一些参考。

技术栈选择

经过多轮技术评估，我们最终确定了以下技术栈：

基础框架：UniApp + Vue3 + TypeScript
PWA框架：Workbox 7.x
状态管理：Pinia
UI框架：uView UI
构建工具：Vite
鸿蒙适配：HMS Core

PWA基础配置

1. manifest.json配置

首先，我们需要在项目根目录下创建一个完整的manifest配置：

{"name": "UniApp PWA Demo","short_name": "PWA Demo","description": "UniApp PWA应用示例","start_url": "/index.html","display": "standalone","background_color": "#ffffff","theme_color": "#42b983","icons": [{"src": "/static/logo-192.png","sizes": "192x192","type": "image/png","purpose": "any maskable"},{"src": "/static/logo-512.png","sizes": "512x512","type": "image/png"}],"related_applications": [{"platform": "harmony","url": "market://details?id=com.example.pwa","id": "com.example.pwa"}]
}

2. Service Worker配置

我们使用Workbox来简化Service Worker的开发。以下是我们的核心配置：

// src/sw/service-worker.ts
import { precacheAndRoute } from 'workbox-precaching';
import { registerRoute } from 'workbox-routing';
import { StaleWhileRevalidate, CacheFirst } from 'workbox-strategies';
import { ExpirationPlugin } from 'workbox-expiration';
import { CacheableResponsePlugin } from 'workbox-cacheable-response';// 预缓存
precacheAndRoute(self.__WB_MANIFEST);// API请求缓存策略
registerRoute(({ url }) => url.pathname.startsWith('/api'),new StaleWhileRevalidate({cacheName: 'api-cache',plugins: [new CacheableResponsePlugin({statuses: [0, 200],}),new ExpirationPlugin({maxEntries: 50,maxAgeSeconds: 24 * 60 * 60, // 1天}),],})
);// 静态资源缓存策略
registerRoute(({ request }) => request.destination === 'image',new CacheFirst({cacheName: 'image-cache',plugins: [new ExpirationPlugin({maxEntries: 60,maxAgeSeconds: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60, // 30天}),],})
);// 鸿蒙系统特殊处理
if (self.platform === 'harmony') {self.addEventListener('fetch', (event) => {if (event.request.url.includes('hms-api')) {// HMS API请求特殊处理event.respondWith(fetch(event.request).then((response) => {const clonedResponse = response.clone();caches.open('hms-api-cache').then((cache) => {cache.put(event.request, clonedResponse);});return response;}).catch(() => {return caches.match(event.request);}));}});
}

离线存储实现

为了提供更好的离线体验，我们实现了一个统一的存储管理器：

// src/utils/StorageManager.ts
import { openDB, IDBPDatabase } from 'idb';
import { Platform } from '@/utils/platform';export class StorageManager {private db: IDBPDatabase | null = null;private platform: Platform;constructor() {this.platform = new Platform();this.initStorage();}private async initStorage() {if (this.platform.isHarmony()) {// 使用HMS Core的存储APIconst storage = uni.requireNativePlugin('storage');this.db = await storage.openDatabase({name: 'pwa-store',version: 1});} else {// 使用IndexedDBthis.db = await openDB('pwa-store', 1, {upgrade(db) {if (!db.objectStoreNames.contains('offline-data')) {db.createObjectStore('offline-data', { keyPath: 'id' });}},});}}async saveData(key: string, data: any) {if (!this.db) return;if (this.platform.isHarmony()) {await this.db.put({table: 'offline-data',data: { id: key, value: data }});} else {const tx = this.db.transaction('offline-data', 'readwrite');await tx.store.put({ id: key, value: data });}}async getData(key: string) {if (!this.db) return null;if (this.platform.isHarmony()) {const result = await this.db.get({table: 'offline-data',key});return result?.value;} else {const tx = this.db.transaction('offline-data', 'readonly');const result = await tx.store.get(key);return result?.value;}}
}

性能优化实践

1. 资源预加载

我们实现了一个智能预加载器来提升应用性能：

// src/utils/Preloader.ts
export class Preloader {private static readonly PRELOAD_ROUTES = ['/home','/profile','/settings'];static init() {// 注册预加载观察器if ('IntersectionObserver' in window) {const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {entries.forEach(entry => {if (entry.isIntersecting) {const link = entry.target as HTMLLinkElement;if (!link.loaded) {link.loaded = true;import(link.dataset.module!);}}});},{ threshold: 0.1 });// 添加预加载链接this.PRELOAD_ROUTES.forEach(route => {const link = document.createElement('link');link.rel = 'prefetch';link.href = route;link.dataset.module = route;document.head.appendChild(link);observer.observe(link);});}}
}

2. 性能监控

我们开发了一个性能监控模块：

// src/utils/PerformanceMonitor.ts
export class PerformanceMonitor {private metrics: Map<string, number[]> = new Map();trackMetric(name: string, value: number) {if (!this.metrics.has(name)) {this.metrics.set(name, []);}this.metrics.get(name)!.push(value);// 上报到性能监控平台if (this.shouldReport(name)) {this.reportMetrics(name);}}private shouldReport(name: string): boolean {const values = this.metrics.get(name)!;return values.length >= 10;}private reportMetrics(name: string) {const values = this.metrics.get(name)!;const average = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b) / values.length;// 上报逻辑if (uni.getSystemInfoSync().platform === 'harmony') {// 使用HMS Analytics上报const analytics = uni.requireNativePlugin('analytics');analytics.trackEvent({name: `performance_${name}`,value: average});} else {// 使用通用统计SDK上报console.log(`Performance metric ${name}: ${average}`);}// 清空已上报的数据this.metrics.set(name, []);}
}

实战案例：离线优先的新闻应用

以下是一个实际的新闻列表组件示例：

<!-- components/NewsList.vue -->
<template><view class="news-list"><view v-if="!online" class="offline-notice">当前处于离线模式</view><view v-for="article in articles" :key="article.id" class="news-item"@click="handleArticleClick(article)"><image :src="article.image" mode="aspectFill" class="news-image"/><view class="news-content"><text class="news-title">{{ article.title }}</text><text class="news-summary">{{ article.summary }}</text></view></view></view>
</template><script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent, ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
import { StorageManager } from '@/utils/StorageManager';
import { PerformanceMonitor } from '@/utils/PerformanceMonitor';export default defineComponent({name: 'NewsList',setup() {const articles = ref([]);const online = ref(navigator.onLine);const storage = new StorageManager();const performance = new PerformanceMonitor();const loadArticles = async () => {const startTime = performance.now();try {if (online.value) {// 在线模式：从API获取数据const response = await fetch('/api/articles');articles.value = await response.json();// 缓存数据await storage.saveData('articles', articles.value);} else {// 离线模式：从缓存获取数据articles.value = await storage.getData('articles') || [];}} catch (error) {console.error('加载文章失败:', error);// 降级处理：尝试从缓存加载articles.value = await storage.getData('articles') || [];}// 记录性能指标performance.trackMetric('articles_load_time',performance.now() - startTime);};onMounted(() => {loadArticles();// 监听网络状态变化window.addEventListener('online', () => {online.value = true;loadArticles();});window.addEventListener('offline', () => {online.value = false;});});return {articles,online};}
});
</script><style>
.news-list {padding: 16px;
}.offline-notice {background: #fef6e7;padding: 8px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;border-radius: 4px;
}.news-item {display: flex;margin-bottom: 16px;background: #fff;border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}.news-image {width: 120px;height: 120px;object-fit: cover;
}.news-content {flex: 1;padding: 12px;
}.news-title {font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 8px;
}.news-summary {font-size: 14px;color: #666;line-height: 1.4;
}
</style>

最佳实践总结

离线优先策略

优先使用缓存数据
实现优雅的降级处理
提供清晰的离线状态提示

性能优化要点

使用Service Worker缓存关键资源
实现智能预加载
监控关键性能指标

鸿蒙系统适配

使用HMS Core相关API
适配鸿蒙特有的存储机制
优化系统通知和推送

开发建议

采用TypeScript确保代码质量
实现统一的错误处理
保持代码模块化和可测试性

未来规划

随着PWA技术和鸿蒙生态的发展，我们计划在以下方面持续优化：

技术升级

支持新的PWA特性
深度整合HMS Core能力
优化离线体验

性能提升

引入更智能的预加载策略
优化首屏加载时间
提升动画流畅度

总结

通过在UniApp中开发PWA应用，我们不仅提供了优秀的离线体验，还实现了跨平台的统一部署。特别是在鸿蒙系统上，通过深度整合HMS Core，我们确保了应用能充分利用平台特性，为用户提供流畅的使用体验。

希望本文的实践经验能为大家在UniApp PWA开发中提供有价值的参考。记住，好的应用不仅要关注功能实现，更要注重用户体验的持续优化。在未来的开发中，我们也会持续关注PWA技术的发展，不断改进我们的实践方案。