用鸿蒙HarmonyOS5实现中国象棋小游戏的过程

下面是一个基于鸿蒙OS (HarmonyOS) 的中国象棋小游戏的实现代码。这个实现使用Java语言和鸿蒙的Ability框架。

1. 项目结构

/src/main/java/com/example/chinesechess/├── MainAbilitySlice.java    // 主界面逻辑├── ChessView.java          // 游戏视图和逻辑├── ChessPiece.java         // 棋子类└── resources/├── base/│   ├── layout/│   │   └── ability_main.xml  // 布局文件│   └── graphic/│       └── board_bg.xml      // 棋盘背景

2. 实现代码

ChessPiece.java (棋子类)

package com.example.chinesechess;public class ChessPiece {public static final int RED = 0;public static final int BLACK = 1;private int type;   // 棋子类型private int color;  // 棋子颜色private int row;    // 行private int col;    // 列public ChessPiece(int type, int color, int row, int col) {this.type = type;this.color = color;this.row = row;this.col = col;}// 棋子类型常量public static final int GENERAL = 0;    // 将/帅public static final int ADVISOR = 1;    // 士public static final int ELEPHANT = 2;   // 象public static final int HORSE = 3;      // 马public static final int CHARIOT = 4;    // 车public static final int CANNON = 5;     // 炮public static final int SOLDIER = 6;    // 兵/卒// getter和setter方法public int getType() {return type;}public int getColor() {return color;}public int getRow() {return row;}public void setRow(int row) {this.row = row;}public int getCol() {return col;}public void setCol(int col) {this.col = col;}// 获取棋子名称public String getName() {String[] redNames = {"帅", "仕", "相", "马", "车", "炮", "兵"};String[] blackNames = {"将", "士", "象", "马", "车", "炮", "卒"};return color == RED ? redNames[type] : blackNames[type];}
}

ChessView.java (游戏视图和逻辑)

package com.example.chinesechess;import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.render.Canvas;
import ohos.agp.render.Paint;
import ohos.agp.utils.Color;
import ohos.agp.utils.RectFloat;
import ohos.app.Context;
import ohos.agp.components.AttrSet;
import ohos.multimodalinput.event.TouchEvent;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class ChessView extends Component implements Component.DrawTask {private static final int ROWS = 10;     // 棋盘行数private static final int COLS = 9;      // 棋盘列数private Paint linePaint;                // 棋盘线画笔private Paint redPaint;                 // 红方棋子画笔private Paint blackPaint;               // 黑方棋子画笔private Paint textPaint;                // 文字画笔private Paint selectedPaint;            // 选中状态画笔private List<ChessPiece> pieces;        // 棋子列表private ChessPiece selectedPiece;       // 当前选中的棋子private int currentPlayer = ChessPiece.RED; // 当前玩家public ChessView(Context context) {super(context);init();}public ChessView(Context context, AttrSet attrSet) {super(context, attrSet);init();}private void init() {linePaint = new Paint();linePaint.setColor(new Color(0xFF000000));linePaint.setStrokeWidth(2);redPaint = new Paint();redPaint.setColor(new Color(0xFFFF0000));redPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_STYLE);blackPaint = new Paint();blackPaint.setColor(new Color(0xFF000000));blackPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_STYLE);textPaint = new Paint();textPaint.setColor(new Color(0xFFFFFFFF));textPaint.setTextSize(40);textPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);selectedPaint = new Paint();selectedPaint.setColor(new Color(0x6600FF00));selectedPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_STYLE);initPieces();addDrawTask(this);setTouchEventListener(this::onTouchEvent);}private void initPieces() {pieces = new ArrayList<>();// 初始化红方棋子pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CHARIOT, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 0));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.HORSE, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 1));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ELEPHANT, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 2));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ADVISOR, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 3));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.GENERAL, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 4));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ADVISOR, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 5));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ELEPHANT, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 6));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.HORSE, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 7));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CHARIOT, ChessPiece.RED, 9, 8));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CANNON, ChessPiece.RED, 7, 1));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CANNON, ChessPiece.RED, 7, 7));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.RED, 6, 0));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.RED, 6, 2));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.RED, 6, 4));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.RED, 6, 6));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.RED, 6, 8));// 初始化黑方棋子pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CHARIOT, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 0));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.HORSE, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 1));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ELEPHANT, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 2));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ADVISOR, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 3));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.GENERAL, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 4));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ADVISOR, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 5));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ELEPHANT, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 6));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.HORSE, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 7));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CHARIOT, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 8));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CANNON, ChessPiece.BLACK, 2, 1));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.CANNON, ChessPiece.BLACK, 2, 7));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.BLACK, 3, 0));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.BLACK, 3, 2));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.BLACK, 3, 4));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.BLACK, 3, 6));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.SOLDIER, ChessPiece.BLACK, 3, 8));}@Overridepublic void onDraw(Component component, Canvas canvas) {int width = getWidth();int height = getHeight();float cellWidth = width / (float) COLS;float cellHeight = height / (float) ROWS;// 绘制棋盘drawBoard(canvas, width, height, cellWidth, cellHeight);// 绘制棋子drawPieces(canvas, cellWidth, cellHeight);}private void drawBoard(Canvas canvas, int width, int height, float cellWidth, float cellHeight) {// 绘制横线for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {float y = i * cellHeight;canvas.drawLine(0, y, width, y, linePaint);}// 绘制竖线for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {float x = j * cellWidth;canvas.drawLine(x, 0, x, height, linePaint);}// 绘制楚河汉界float centerY = (ROWS / 2 - 0.5f) * cellHeight;canvas.drawText("楚河", width * 0.3f, centerY - 20, textPaint);canvas.drawText("汉界", width * 0.7f, centerY - 20, textPaint);// 绘制九宫格drawNinePalaces(canvas, cellWidth, cellHeight, 0); // 上方九宫格drawNinePalaces(canvas, cellWidth, cellHeight, 7); // 下方九宫格}private void drawNinePalaces(Canvas canvas, float cellWidth, float cellHeight, int startRow) {float left = 3 * cellWidth;float top = startRow * cellHeight;float right = 5 * cellWidth;float bottom = (startRow + 2) * cellHeight;// 绘制斜线canvas.drawLine(left, top, right, bottom, linePaint);canvas.drawLine(right, top, left, bottom, linePaint);}private void drawPieces(Canvas canvas, float cellWidth, float cellHeight) {for (ChessPiece piece : pieces) {float centerX = (piece.getCol() + 0.5f) * cellWidth;float centerY = (piece.getRow() + 0.5f) * cellHeight;float radius = Math.min(cellWidth, cellHeight) * 0.4f;// 绘制棋子背景Paint bgPaint = piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.RED ? redPaint : blackPaint;canvas.drawCircle(centerX, centerY, radius, bgPaint);// 绘制棋子文字textPaint.setColor(piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.RED ? Color.WHITE : Color.WHITE);canvas.drawText(piece.getName(), centerX, centerY + 15, textPaint);// 绘制选中状态if (piece == selectedPiece) {canvas.drawCircle(centerX, centerY, radius + 5, selectedPaint);}}}private boolean onTouchEvent(Component component, TouchEvent event) {if (event.getAction() == TouchEvent.PRIMARY_POINT_DOWN) {int width = getWidth();int height = getHeight();float cellWidth = width / (float) COLS;float cellHeight = height / (float) ROWS;int col = (int) (event.getPointerPosition(0).getX() / cellWidth);int row = (int) (event.getPointerPosition(0).getY() / cellHeight);if (row >= 0 && row < ROWS && col >= 0 && col < COLS) {handleClick(row, col);}}return true;}private void handleClick(int row, int col) {ChessPiece clickedPiece = getPieceAt(row, col);if (selectedPiece == null) {// 没有选中棋子时，尝试选中一个棋子if (clickedPiece != null && clickedPiece.getColor() == currentPlayer) {selectedPiece = clickedPiece;invalidate();}} else {// 已经选中了一个棋子if (clickedPiece != null && clickedPiece.getColor() == currentPlayer) {// 点击的是己方棋子，切换选中selectedPiece = clickedPiece;invalidate();} else {// 尝试移动棋子if (isValidMove(selectedPiece, row, col)) {// 如果目标位置有对方棋子，则吃掉if (clickedPiece != null) {pieces.remove(clickedPiece);// 检查是否将/帅被吃if (clickedPiece.getType() == ChessPiece.GENERAL) {gameOver(currentPlayer);return;}}// 移动棋子selectedPiece.setRow(row);selectedPiece.setCol(col);// 切换玩家currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == ChessPiece.RED) ? ChessPiece.BLACK : ChessPiece.RED;selectedPiece = null;invalidate();}}}}private ChessPiece getPieceAt(int row, int col) {for (ChessPiece piece : pieces) {if (piece.getRow() == row && piece.getCol() == col) {return piece;}}return null;}private boolean isValidMove(ChessPiece piece, int toRow, int toCol) {int fromRow = piece.getRow();int fromCol = piece.getCol();// 目标位置不能是己方棋子ChessPiece targetPiece = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (targetPiece != null && targetPiece.getColor() == piece.getColor()) {return false;}// 根据棋子类型判断移动是否合法switch (piece.getType()) {case ChessPiece.GENERAL: // 将/帅return isValidGeneralMove(piece, fromRow, fromCol, toRow, toCol);case ChessPiece.ADVISOR: // 士return isValidAdvisorMove(piece, fromRow, fromCol, toRow, toCol);case ChessPiece.ELEPHANT: // 象return isValidElephantMove(piece, fromRow, fromCol, toRow, toCol);case ChessPiece.HORSE: // 马return isValidHorseMove(fromRow, fromCol, toRow, toCol);case ChessPiece.CHARIOT: // 车return isValidChariotMove(fromRow, fromCol, toRow, toCol);case ChessPiece.CANNON: // 炮return isValidCannonMove(fromRow, fromCol, toRow, toCol);case ChessPiece.SOLDIER: // 兵/卒return isValidSoldierMove(piece, fromRow, fromCol, toRow, toCol);default:return false;}}private boolean isValidGeneralMove(ChessPiece piece, int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol) {// 将/帅只能在九宫格内移动if (piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.RED) {if (toRow < 7 || toRow > 9 || toCol < 3 || toCol > 5) {return false;}} else {if (toRow < 0 || toRow > 2 || toCol < 3 || toCol > 5) {return false;}}// 将/帅每次只能走一格直线int rowDiff = Math.abs(toRow - fromRow);int colDiff = Math.abs(toCol - fromCol);if ((rowDiff == 1 && colDiff == 0) || (rowDiff == 0 && colDiff == 1)) {return true;}// 将帅对面特殊情况if (fromCol == toCol && colDiff == 0) {ChessPiece target = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (target != null && target.getType() == ChessPiece.GENERAL && target.getColor() != piece.getColor()) {// 检查中间是否有其他棋子int minRow = Math.min(fromRow, toRow);int maxRow = Math.max(fromRow, toRow);for (int r = minRow + 1; r < maxRow; r++) {if (getPieceAt(r, fromCol) != null) {return false;}}return true;}}return false;}private boolean isValidAdvisorMove(ChessPiece piece, int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol) {// 士只能在九宫格内移动if (piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.RED) {if (toRow < 7 || toRow > 9 || toCol < 3 || toCol > 5) {return false;}} else {if (toRow < 0 || toRow > 2 || toCol < 3 || toCol > 5) {return false;}}// 士每次只能走一格斜线int rowDiff = Math.abs(toRow - fromRow);int colDiff = Math.abs(toCol - fromCol);return rowDiff == 1 && colDiff == 1;}private boolean isValidElephantMove(ChessPiece piece, int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol) {// 象不能过河if (piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.RED && toRow < 5) {return false;}if (piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.BLACK && toRow > 4) {return false;}// 象走田字int rowDiff = Math.abs(toRow - fromRow);int colDiff = Math.abs(toCol - fromCol);if (rowDiff == 2 && colDiff == 2) {// 检查象眼是否被堵int eyeRow = (fromRow + toRow) / 2;int eyeCol = (fromCol + toCol) / 2;return getPieceAt(eyeRow, eyeCol) == null;}return false;}private boolean isValidHorseMove(int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol) {int rowDiff = Math.abs(toRow - fromRow);int colDiff = Math.abs(toCol - fromCol);// 马走日if ((rowDiff == 2 && colDiff == 1) || (rowDiff == 1 && colDiff == 2)) {// 检查马腿是否被堵if (rowDiff == 2) {int middleRow = (fromRow + toRow) / 2;return getPieceAt(middleRow, fromCol) == null;} else {int middleCol = (fromCol + toCol) / 2;return getPieceAt(fromRow, middleCol) == null;}}return false;}private boolean isValidChariotMove(int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol) {// 车走直线if (fromRow != toRow && fromCol != toCol) {return false;}// 检查路径上是否有其他棋子if (fromRow == toRow) {int minCol = Math.min(fromCol, toCol);int maxCol = Math.max(fromCol, toCol);for (int c = minCol + 1; c < maxCol; c++) {if (getPieceAt(fromRow, c) != null) {return false;}}} else {int minRow = Math.min(fromRow, toRow);int maxRow = Math.max(fromRow, toRow);for (int r = minRow + 1; r < maxRow; r++) {if (getPieceAt(r, fromCol) != null) {return false;}}}return true;}private boolean isValidCannonMove(int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol) {// 炮走直线if (fromRow != toRow && fromCol != toCol) {return false;}ChessPiece targetPiece = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);int pieceCount = 0;// 计算路径上的棋子数量if (fromRow == toRow) {int minCol = Math.min(fromCol, toCol);int maxCol = Math.max(fromCol, toCol);for (int c = minCol + 1; c < maxCol; c++) {if (getPieceAt(fromRow, c) != null) {pieceCount++;}}} else {int minRow = Math.min(fromRow, toRow);int maxRow = Math.max(fromRow, toRow);for (int r = minRow + 1; r < maxRow; r++) {if (getPieceAt(r, fromCol) != null) {pieceCount++;}}}// 炮移动时不能有棋子阻挡if (targetPiece == null) {return pieceCount == 0;}// 炮吃子时必须有一个棋子作为炮架else {return pieceCount == 1;}}private boolean isValidSoldierMove(ChessPiece piece, int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol) {int rowDiff = toRow - fromRow;int colDiff = Math.abs(toCol - fromCol);if (piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.RED) {// 红方兵向上走if (rowDiff != -1) {return false;}} else {// 黑方卒向下走if (rowDiff != 1) {return false;}}// 未过河只能向前if ((piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.RED && fromRow > 4) || (piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.BLACK && fromRow < 5)) {return colDiff == 0;}// 过河后可以左右移动else {return colDiff == 0 || colDiff == 1;}}private void gameOver(int winner) {String message = (winner == ChessPiece.RED) ? "红方胜利!" : "黑方胜利!";if (getContext() instanceof MainAbilitySlice) {((MainAbilitySlice) getContext()).showGameOverDialog(message);}// 重置游戏initPieces();currentPlayer = ChessPiece.RED;selectedPiece = null;invalidate();}public void resetGame() {initPieces();currentPlayer = ChessPiece.RED;selectedPiece = null;invalidate();}
}

MainAbilitySlice.java (主界面)

package com.example.chinesechess;import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.*;
import ohos.agp.window.dialog.ToastDialog;
import ohos.agp.components.DirectionalLayout;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {private ChessView chessView;private Text statusText;@Overridepublic void onStart(Intent intent) {super.onStart(intent);DirectionalLayout layout = new DirectionalLayout(this);layout.setOrientation(DirectionalLayout.VERTICAL);// 状态文本statusText = new Text(this);statusText.setText("当前回合: 红方");statusText.setTextSize(50);statusText.setPadding(10, 10, 10, 10);// 象棋视图chessView = new ChessView(this);// 按钮布局DirectionalLayout buttonLayout = new DirectionalLayout(this);buttonLayout.setOrientation(DirectionalLayout.HORIZONTAL);buttonLayout.setPadding(10, 10, 10, 10);// 重新开始按钮Button resetButton = new Button(this);resetButton.setText("重新开始");resetButton.setClickedListener(component -> {chessView.resetGame();statusText.setText("当前回合: 红方");});// 悔棋按钮Button undoButton = new Button(this);undoButton.setText("悔棋");undoButton.setClickedListener(component -> {// 悔棋功能待实现new ToastDialog(this).setText("悔棋功能待实现").show();});buttonLayout.addComponent(resetButton);buttonLayout.addComponent(undoButton);layout.addComponent(statusText);layout.addComponent(chessView);layout.addComponent(buttonLayout);super.setUIContent(layout);}public void showGameOverDialog(String message) {new ToastDialog(this).setText(message).show();statusText.setText("游戏结束 - " + message);}
}

ability_main.xml (布局文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayoutxmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="match_parent"ohos:orientation="vertical"><Textohos:id="$+id:status_text"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:text="当前回合: 红方"ohos:text_size="20fp"ohos:padding="10vp"/><com.example.chinesechess.ChessViewohos:id="$+id:chess_view"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="0vp"ohos:weight="1"/><DirectionalLayoutohos:id="$+id:button_layout"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="wrap_content"ohos:orientation="horizontal"ohos:padding="10vp"><Buttonohos:id="$+id:reset_button"ohos:width="0vp"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:weight="1"ohos:text="重新开始"ohos:margin="5vp"/><Buttonohos:id="$+id:undo_button"ohos:width="0vp"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:weight="1"ohos:text="悔棋"ohos:margin="5vp"/></DirectionalLayout>
</DirectionalLayout>

3. 功能说明

1. ​​游戏规则​​：标准中国象棋规则
2. ​​棋子类型​​：
   • 将/帅、士、象、马、车、炮、兵/卒
3. ​​界面元素​​：
   • 棋盘：9×10网格，包含楚河汉界和九宫格
   • 棋子：红黑两色，带有汉字标识
   • 状态显示：当前回合信息
   • 操作按钮：重新开始、悔棋(待实现)
4. ​​交互​​：
   • 点击选中棋子
   • 再次点击目标位置移动棋子
   • 自动判断移动是否合法
   • 自动判断胜负