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Mongodb 更新集合的方法到底有几种 (中) ？

news 2025/7/6 20:55:57

更新方法

Mongodb 使用以下几种方法来更新文档 ， Mongodb V5.0+ 使用 mongosh 客户端：

  • db.collection.updateOne(<filter>, <update>, <options>)

  • db.collection.updateMany(<filter>, <update>, <options>)

  • db.collection.replaceOne(<filter>, <update>, <options>)

  • db.collection.findOneAndReplace(<filter>, <replacement>, <options>)

  • db.collection.findOneAndUpdate( <filter>, <update>, <options>)

  • db.collection.findAndModify(<document>)

  • db.collection.bulkWrite()

  • Bulk.find.replaceOne(<document>)

  • Bulk.find.update(<update>)

  • Bulk.find.updateOne(<update>)

  • Bulk.find.upsert()

查找并替换

根据指定过滤器替换单个文档， findOneAndReplace() 方法具有以下形式：

对于嵌入文档中的字段，您可以使用以下任一方式指定字段：

  • 点符号，例如 “field.nestedfield”: <value>

  • 嵌套形式，例如 { field: { nestedfield: <value> } }（从 MongoDB 4.4 开始）

db.collection.findOneAndReplace() 功能要比 db.collection.replaceOne() 强，比如可以排序替换文档、 操作设置特定的完成时间限制等。

db.collection.findOneAndReplace(<filter>,<replacement>,{writeConcern: <document>,projection: <document>,sort: <document>,maxTimeMS: <number>,upsert: <boolean>,returnDocument: <string>,returnNewDocument: <boolean>,collation: <document>}
)

以下示例 把年龄超过 45岁（含），找到匹配的一行，替换为新的字段。如下，

  • 这里的 replace 也是按行替换的。
  • 尽管有多个文档符合过滤条件， db.collection.findOneAndReplace() 仅替换一份文档。
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf2"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 213 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf6"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 116, "B" : 216 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 6, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf3"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 111, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf4"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 112, "B" : 215 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"), "name" : "user22", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 115, "B" : 212 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 60, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 75, "item" : { "A" : 118, "B" : 218 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.findOneAndReplace(
...    { "age" : { $gte : 45 } },
...    { "name" : "chen", "status" : "Modified" }
... )
{"_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"),"name" : "user22","age" : 55,"item" : {"A" : 115,"B" : 212},"number" : [{"n1" : 5,"n2" : 5},{"n1" : 99,"n2" : 5},{"n1" : 7,"n2" : 6}]
}sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"), "name" : "chen", "status" : "Modified" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf2"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 213 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf6"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 116, "B" : 216 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 6, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf3"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 111, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf4"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 112, "B" : 215 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 60, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 75, "item" : { "A" : 118, "B" : 218 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }

以下操作使用 sort 排序替换， 对 age 字段降序排序，然后找到匹配的单个文档，执行更新，如下：

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"), "name" : "user9", "age" : 75, "item" : { "A" : 118, "B" : 218 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 3 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 60, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf4"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 112, "B" : 215 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf6"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 116, "B" : 216 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 6, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf3"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 111, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf2"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 213 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"), "name" : "chen", "status" : "Modified" }sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.findOneAndReplace(
...    { "age" : { $gte : 45 } },
...    { "name" : "user10", "status" : "Modified" }, 
...    { sort: { "age" : -1 } }
... )
{"_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"),"name" : "user9","age" : 75,"item" : {"A" : 118,"B" : 218},"number" : [{"n1" : 1,"n2" : 3},{"n1" : 99,"n2" : 5},{"n1" : 7,"n2" : 6}]
}sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 60, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf4"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 112, "B" : 215 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf6"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 116, "B" : 216 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 6, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf3"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 111, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf2"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 213 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"), "name" : "user10", "status" : "Modified" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"), "name" : "chen", "status" : "Modified" }

查找并更新

根据 filter 和 sort 标准更新单个文档。findOneAndUpdate() 方法具有以下形式：

db.collection.findOneAndUpdate() 更新集合中与filter匹配， 如果没有文档与 filter 匹配，则不会更新任何文档。

该sort参数可用于影响更新哪个文档。

注意 db.collection.findOneAndUpdate() 方法比 db.collection.findOneAndReplace() 多了 arrayFilters: [ , … ] 功能 ！！！

  • 过滤器文档的数组，用于确定要针对数组字段的更新操作修改哪些数组元素。

对于嵌入文档中的字段，您可以使用以下任一方式指定字段：

  • 点符号，例如 “field.nestedfield”: <value>

  • 嵌套形式，例如 { field: { nestedfield: <value> } }（从 MongoDB 4.4 开始）

db.collection.findOneAndUpdate(<filter>,<update document or aggregation pipeline>, // Changed in MongoDB 4.2{writeConcern: <document>,projection: <document>,sort: <document>,maxTimeMS: <number>,upsert: <boolean>,returnDocument: <string>,returnNewDocument: <boolean>,collation: <document>,arrayFilters: [ <filterdocument1>, ... ]}
)

以下示例，查找 name 为 user8 的， 并 对 age 字段 自增1操作， 如下：

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 60, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf4"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 112, "B" : 215 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf6"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 116, "B" : 216 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 6, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf3"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 111, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf2"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 213 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"), "name" : "user10", "status" : "Modified" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"), "name" : "chen", "status" : "Modified" }sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.findOneAndUpdate(
...    { "name" : "user8" },
...    { $inc: { "age" : 1 } }
... )
{"_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"),"name" : "user8","age" : 60,"item" : {"A" : 113,"B" : 211},"number" : [{"n1" : 5,"n2" : 4},{"n1" : 99,"n2" : 5},{"n1" : 7,"n2" : 6}]
}sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 61, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf4"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 112, "B" : 215 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf6"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 116, "B" : 216 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 6, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf3"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 111, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf2"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 213 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"), "name" : "user10", "status" : "Modified" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"), "name" : "chen", "status" : "Modified" }

使用 Upsert 更新文档

  • 如果没有任何内容匹配，以下upsert操作使用更新字段插入文档：
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> try {
...     db.user.findOneAndUpdate(
...        { "name" : "user11" },
...        { $set: { "name" : "user11", "age" : 50}, $inc : { "number" : 1 } },
...        { sort: { "age" : 1 }, upsert:true, returnNewDocument : true }
...     );
... }catch (e){
...    print(e);
... }
{"_id" : ObjectId("64db6285f386d37d5de1b830"),"name" : "user11","age" : 50,"number" : 1
}sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf7"), "name" : "user8", "age" : 61, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 5, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf4"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 55, "item" : { "A" : 112, "B" : 215 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 4, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64db6285f386d37d5de1b830"), "name" : "user11", "age" : 50, "number" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf6"), "name" : "user7", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 116, "B" : 216 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 6, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 5 }, { "n1" : 7, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf3"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 45, "item" : { "A" : 111, "B" : 211 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 99, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 4 }, { "n1" : 3, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf2"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 30, "item" : { "A" : 113, "B" : 213 }, "number" : [ { "n1" : 1, "n2" : 8 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 }, { "n1" : 2, "n2" : 6 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf8"), "name" : "user10", "status" : "Modified" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b8d2404b442dde59447cf5"), "name" : "chen", "status" : "Modified" }

查找并修改

db.collection.findAndModify(document) 修改并返回单个文档。

注意是 单个文档！！！！ ， 单个文档！！！！ 单个文档！！！！

默认情况下，返回的文档不包含更新时所做的修改。要返回包含更新后所做修改的文档，请使用该new选项。

db.collection.findAndModify() 不仅可以做更新操作，还可以执行删除操作 ！！！

对于删除操作：

  • 如果查询与文档匹配， findAndModify() 返回已删除的文档。
  • 如果查询与要删除的文档不匹配， findAndModify() 返回null。

对于更新操作：

  • 如果该new参数未设置或为false：

    • 如果查询与文档匹配，则为修改前的文档；
    • 否则，null。

  • 如果new是true：

    • 如果查询返回匹配项，则修改文档；
    • upsert: true如果没有文档与查询匹配，则插入文档；
    • 否则，null。

findAndModify() 方法具有以下形式：

db.collection.findAndModify({query: <document>,sort: <document>,remove: <boolean>,update: <document or aggregation pipeline>, // Changed in MongoDB 4.2new: <boolean>,fields: <document>,upsert: <boolean>,bypassDocumentValidation: <boolean>,writeConcern: <document>,maxTimeMS: <integer>,collation: <document>,arrayFilters: [ <filterdocument1>, ... ],let: <document> // Added in MongoDB 5.0
});

更新与返回，以下示例更新并返回 orders 集合中与查询条件匹配的现有文档：

查找 “cust_id” : “B”, “status” : “0” 的订单， 并且 price 大于 30 的记录，将其价格调整自增1，如下：

这里查找了两个记录， 按 sort 排序后，更新第一条记录， 注意是修改 单个文档 ！！！！！

  • 返回的文档不包含更新时所做的修改。
  • 要返回更新后的文档，请使用 new:true 选项。
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 15, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 5, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.781Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 60, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 55, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "pears", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-18T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 26, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 40, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 6, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 38, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 10, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 7, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 21, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 8, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 76, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 9, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 51, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 5, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-23T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 23, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }#  "_id" : 3 的记录被修改，只修改单个文档 ！！！！！！！！！
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.findAndModify({
...     query: { "cust_id" : "B",  "status" : "0", "price": { $gt: 20 } },
...     sort: { "_id": 1 },
...     update: { $inc: { price: 1 } }
... })
{"_id" : 3,"cust_id" : "B","ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"),"price" : 55,"items" : [{"sku" : "apple","qty" : "15","price" : 2.5},{"sku" : "pears","qty" : 10,"price" : 2.5}],"status" : "0","lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z")
}sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 15, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 5, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.781Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 60, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 56, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "pears", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-18T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 26, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 40, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 6, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 38, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 10, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 7, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 21, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 8, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 76, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 9, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 51, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 5, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-23T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 23, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }

更新插入， 以下示例包括更新匹配文档或创建新文档（如果不存在匹配文档）的操作 upsert: true 选项，如下：

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 15, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 5, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.781Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 60, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 56, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "pears", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-18T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 26, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 40, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 6, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 38, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 10, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 7, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 21, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 8, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 76, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 9, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 51, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 5, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-23T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 23, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }# 不存在匹配文档, 返回 null 
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.findAndModify({
...     query: { "cust_id" : "E",  "status" : "0", "price": { $gt: 10 } },
...     sort: { "_id": 1 },
...     update: { $inc: { price: 1 } },
...     upsert: true
... })
null# 插入记录： "_id" : 10 
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 15, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 5, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.781Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 60, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 56, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "pears", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-18T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 26, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 40, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 6, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 38, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 10, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 7, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 21, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 8, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 76, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 9, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 51, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 5, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-23T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 23, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64dde9e72fabd7cc0b2c6faa"), "cust_id" : "E", "status" : "0", "price" : 1 }

排序并删除， 通过在字段_id 上排序 sort ，以下示例从集合中删除匹配文档中_id 最小的单个文档，如下：

sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 15, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 5, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.781Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 60, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 56, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "pears", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-18T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 26, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 40, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 6, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 38, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 10, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 7, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 21, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 8, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 76, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 9, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 51, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 5, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-23T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 23, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64dde9e72fabd7cc0b2c6faa"), "cust_id" : "E", "status" : "0", "price" : 1 }#  "_id" : 3 排在第一，将被删除 ！
sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.findAndModify(
...    {
...      query: { "cust_id" : "B"},
...      sort: { "_id": 1 },
...      remove: true
...    }
... )
{"_id" : 3,"cust_id" : "B","ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"),"price" : 56,"items" : [{"sku" : "apple","qty" : "15","price" : 2.5},{"sku" : "pears","qty" : 10,"price" : 2.5}],"status" : "0","lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z")
}sit_rs1:PRIMARY> db.orders.find()
{ "_id" : 1, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 15, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 5, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.781Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "cust_id" : "A", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-08T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 60, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-18T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 26, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : "15", "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "0", "lastModified" : ISODate("2023-08-11T09:50:49.782Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "cust_id" : "B", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 40, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 6, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-19T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 38, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 10, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 7, "cust_id" : "C", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 21, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 8, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 76, "items" : [ { "sku" : "banana", "qty" : 5, "price" : 10 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 9, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-20T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 51, "items" : [ { "sku" : "carrots", "qty" : 5, "price" : 1 }, { "sku" : "apples", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 }, { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "cust_id" : "D", "ord_date" : ISODate("2023-06-23T00:00:00Z"), "price" : 23, "items" : [ { "sku" : "apple", "qty" : 10, "price" : 2.5 } ], "status" : "1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64dde9e72fabd7cc0b2c6faa"), "cust_id" : "E", "status" : "0", "price" : 1 }

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