【web开发】9、Django（4）ajax请求

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一、Ajax是什么？

Ajax（Asynchronous JavaScript and XML）是一种用于在不重新加载整个网页的情况下向服务器发送请求并接收响应的技术。它通过 JavaScript 来实现异步通信，允许你在网页上动态地加载数据、更新内容和与服务器交互，从而提升用户体验。

二、使用步骤

功能介绍
GET\POST以URL和表单的形式向浏览器发送请求并提交（页面会刷新）。
除此之外，也可以基于Ajax向后台发送请求（偷偷的发送请求）。

• 依赖jQuery
• 编写ajax代码

import json
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponsefrom app01 import models
from app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
from app01.utils.form import TaskModelForm
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootstrapModelFormclass TaskModelForm(BootstrapModelForm):class Meta:model = models.Taskfields = "__all__"widgets = {"detail": forms.TextInput}def task_list(request):"""任务列表"""# 去数据库获取数据queryset = models.Task.objects.all()page_object = Pagination(request, queryset, page_size=2)form = TaskModelForm()context = {"form": form,"page_string": page_object.html(),  # 生成页码"queryset": page_object.page_queryset,}return render(request, "task_list.html", context)@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):print(request.GET)print(request.POST)data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))@csrf_exempt
def task_add(request):print(request.POST)# 1.用户输入数据进行校验（modelForm校验）form = TaskModelForm(data=request.POST)if form.is_valid():form.save()data_dict = {"status": True}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))data_dict = {"status": False, 'error': form.errors}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict, ensure_ascii=False))

{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading">表单</div><div class="panel-body"><form id="formAdd"><div class="clearfix">{% for field in form %}<div class="col-xs-6"><div class="form-group,col-ms-2" style="margin-bottom: 20px ;position:relative;">{#                            <div class="form-control">#}<label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span class="error-msg" style="color: red;position: absolute"></span></div></div>{% endfor %}<div class="col-xs-12"><button id="btnAdd1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary  ">提 交</button></div></div></form></div></div><div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 20px;"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><div><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"> 任务列表 </span></div></div><!-- Table --><table class="table"><thead><tr><th>id</th><th>标题</th><th>级别</th><th>负责人</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.title }}</td><td>{{ obj.get_level_display }}</td><td>{{ obj.user_id }}</td><td><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs ">编辑</a><a href="#" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs ">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div><ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul><div style="height: 1000px"></div><hr/><h2>实例1</h2><input type="text" id="txtUser" placeholder="姓名"><input type="text" id="txtAge" placeholder="年龄"><input type="button" id="btn1" value="提交"></div>{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script type="text/javascript">$(function () {{#            页面加载完就自动执行#}bindBtnAdd1Event();bindBtn1Event();})function bindBtnAdd1Event() {$("#btnAdd1").click(function () {$(".error-msg").empty();$.ajax({url: '/task/add/',type: "post",data: $("#formAdd").serialize(),dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {alert("添加成功");{#添加自动刷新#}location.reload();} else {$.each(res.error, function (name, data) {console.log(name, data)$("#id_" + name).next().text(data[0]);})}}})})}function bindBtn1Event() {$("#btn1").click(function () {$.ajax({url: '/task/add/',type: "post",data: {user: $("#txtUser").val(),age: $("#txtAge").val()},dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {console.log(res);console.log(res.status);console.log(res.data);}})})}</script>
{% endblock %}

二、订单管理

注意：
< input id=“btnAdd” type=“button” value=“新建订单2” class=“btn btn-success”>
< div class=“clearfix”>：清除浮动
< button id=“btnSave” type=“button” class=“btn btn-primary”>保 存</ button>

#order_list.html
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div>
{#          <input type="button" value="新建订单1" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">#}<input id="btnAdd" type="button" value="新建订单2" class="btn btn-success"></div><div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 20px;"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><div><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"> 订单列表 </span></div></div><!-- Table --><table class="table"><thead><tr><th>id</th><th>订单号</th><th>名称</th><th>价格</th><th>状态</th><th>负责人</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.oid }}</td><td>{{ obj.title }}</td><td>{{ obj.price }}</td><td>{{ obj.get_status_display }}</td><td>{{ obj.admin.username }}</td><td><input uid="{{ obj.id }}" type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs btn-edit" value="编 辑"><input uid="{{ obj.id }}" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs btn-delete" type="button"value="删 除"></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div><ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul></div>{#新建/编辑对话框#}<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"><div class="modal-dialog" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><spanaria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button><h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">新建</h4></div><div class="modal-body"><form id="formSave"><div class="clearfix">{% for field in form %}<div class="col-xs-6"><div class="form-group,col-ms-2"style="margin-bottom: 20px ;position:relative;">{#                            <div class="form-control">#}<label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span class="error-msg" style="color: red;position: absolute"></span></div></div>{% endfor %}</div></form></div><div class="modal-footer"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取 消</button><button id="btnSave" type="button" class="btn btn-primary">保 存</button></div></div></div></div>{#删除对话框#}<div class="modal fade" id="deleteModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="deleteModalLabel"><div class="modal-dialog" role="document"><div class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible fade in" role="alert"><button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><spanaria-hidden="true">×</span></button><h4>是否删除？</h4><p style="margin:10px 0px;">确定删除后，选取数据所有相关的数据都会被删除</p><p style="text-align: right ;"><button id="btnConfirmDelete" type="button" class="btn btn-danger">确 定</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取 消</button></p></div></div></div>{#删除对话框#}{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script type="text/javascript">var DELETE_IDvar EDIT_ID$(function () {bindBtnAddEvent();bindBtnSaveEvent();bindBtnDeleteEvent();bindBtnConfirmDeleteEvent();bindBtnEditEvent();})function bindBtnAddEvent() {$('#btnAdd').click(function () {{#将正在编辑的ID设置为空#}EDIT_ID = undefined;{#清空对话框中的数据#}$("#formSave")[0].reset();$("#myModalLabel").text("新建")$('#myModal').modal('show')});}function bindBtnSaveEvent() {$("#btnSave").click(function () {{#清除错误信息#}$(".error-msg").empty();if (EDIT_ID) {//编辑doEdit();} else {//添加doAdd();}function doEdit() {$.ajax({url: '/order/edit/' + "?uid=" + EDIT_ID,type: "post",data: $("#formSave").serialize(),dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {alert("添加成功");{##清空表单#}$("#formSave")[0].reset();{#关闭对话框#}$('#myModal').modal('hide'){#添加自动刷新#}location.reload();} else {if (res.tips) {alert(res.tips);} else {$.each(res.error, function (name, errorlist) {{#console.log(name, errorlist)#}$("#id_" + name).next().text(errorlist[0]);})}}}})}function doAdd() {$.ajax({url: '/order/add/',type: "post",data: $("#formSave").serialize(),dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {alert("添加成功");{##清空表单#}$("#formSave")[0].reset();{#关闭对话框#}$('#myModal').modal('hide'){#添加自动刷新#}location.reload();} else {{#console.log(res.error);#}$.each(res.error, function (name, errorlist) {{#console.log(name, errorlist)#}$("#id_" + name).next().text(errorlist[0]);})}}})}{#向后台发送请求（添加ajax请求#}})}function bindBtnDeleteEvent() {$(".btn-delete").click(function () {{#alert("点击了删除");#}$("#deleteModal").modal('show');{#  获取当前行的ID并赋值给全局变量  #}DELETE_ID = $(this).attr("uid");})}function bindBtnConfirmDeleteEvent() {$("#btnConfirmDelete").click(function () {{#    确认删除按钮，将确定删除的id发送给后台#}$.ajax({url: "/order/delete/",type: "GET",data: {uid: DELETE_ID},dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {{#alert("删除成功");#}{#$('#deleteModal').modal('hide');#}{#location.reload();#}{#    在页面上将当前一行数据删除#}{#$("tr[uid='"+DELETE_ID +"']").remove();#}{#    要删除的id置为空#}{#DELETE_ID = 0;#}location.reload();} else {alert(res.error);}}})})}function bindBtnEditEvent() {$(".btn-edit").click(function () {var uid = $(this).attr("uid");EDIT_ID = uid{#设置对话框标题#}$("#myModalLabel").text("编辑"){#alert("点击了编辑");#}{#  发送ajax去后端获取当前行的相关数据#}$.ajax({url: "/order/detail/",type: "get",data: {uid: uid},dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {$.each(res.data, function (name, value) {$("#id_" + name).val(value);})$("#myModal").modal('show');} else {alert(res.error)}}}){#  在对话框中默认看到#}})}</script>
{% endblock %}

注意：
订单号：form.instance.oid = datetime.now().strftime(“%Y%m%d%H%M%S”) + str(random.randint(1000, 9999))
当前管理员：form.instance.admin_id = request.session[“info”][“id”]

{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div>{#            <input type="button" value="新建订单1" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">#}<input id="btnAdd" type="button" value="新建订单2" class="btn btn-success"></div><div class="panel panel-default" style="margin-top: 20px;"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><div><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"> 订单列表 </span></div></div><!-- Table --><table class="table"><thead><tr><th>id</th><th>订单号</th><th>名称</th><th>价格</th><th>状态</th><th>负责人</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.oid }}</td><td>{{ obj.title }}</td><td>{{ obj.price }}</td><td>{{ obj.get_status_display }}</td><td>{{ obj.admin.username }}</td><td><input uid="{{ obj.id }}" type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs btn-edit" value="编 辑"><input uid="{{ obj.id }}" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs btn-delete" type="button"value="删 除"></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div><ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul></div>{#新建/编辑对话框#}<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"><div class="modal-dialog" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><spanaria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button><h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">新建</h4></div><div class="modal-body"><form id="formSave"><div class="clearfix">{% for field in form %}<div class="col-xs-6"><div class="form-group,col-ms-2"style="margin-bottom: 20px ;position:relative;">{#                            <div class="form-control">#}<label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span class="error-msg" style="color: red;position: absolute"></span></div></div>{% endfor %}</div></form></div><div class="modal-footer"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取 消</button><button id="btnSave" type="button" class="btn btn-primary">保 存</button></div></div></div></div>{#删除对话框#}<div class="modal fade" id="deleteModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="deleteModalLabel"><div class="modal-dialog" role="document"><div class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible fade in" role="alert"><button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><spanaria-hidden="true">×</span></button><h4>是否删除？</h4><p style="margin:10px 0px;">确定删除后，选取数据所有相关的数据都会被删除</p><p style="text-align: right ;"><button id="btnConfirmDelete" type="button" class="btn btn-danger">确 定</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取 消</button></p></div></div></div>{#删除对话框#}{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script type="text/javascript">var DELETE_IDvar EDIT_ID$(function () {bindBtnAddEvent();bindBtnSaveEvent();bindBtnDeleteEvent();bindBtnConfirmDeleteEvent();bindBtnEditEvent();})function bindBtnAddEvent() {$('#btnAdd').click(function () {{#将正在编辑的ID设置为空#}EDIT_ID = undefined;{#清空对话框中的数据#}$("#formSave")[0].reset();$("#myModalLabel").text("新建")$('#myModal').modal('show')});}function bindBtnSaveEvent() {$("#btnSave").click(function () {{#清除错误信息#}$(".error-msg").empty();if (EDIT_ID) {//编辑doEdit();} else {//添加doAdd();}function doEdit() {$.ajax({url: '/order/edit/' + "?uid=" + EDIT_ID,type: "post",data: $("#formSave").serialize(),dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {alert("添加成功");{##清空表单#}$("#formSave")[0].reset();{#关闭对话框#}$('#myModal').modal('hide'){#添加自动刷新#}location.reload();} else {if (res.tips) {alert(res.tips);} else {$.each(res.error, function (name, errorlist) {{#console.log(name, errorlist)#}$("#id_" + name).next().text(errorlist[0]);})}}}})}function doAdd() {$.ajax({url: '/order/add/',type: "post",data: $("#formSave").serialize(),dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {alert("添加成功");{##清空表单#}$("#formSave")[0].reset();{#关闭对话框#}$('#myModal').modal('hide'){#添加自动刷新#}location.reload();} else {{#console.log(res.error);#}$.each(res.error, function (name, errorlist) {{#console.log(name, errorlist)#}$("#id_" + name).next().text(errorlist[0]);})}}})}{#向后台发送请求（添加ajax请求#}})}function bindBtnDeleteEvent() {$(".btn-delete").click(function () {{#alert("点击了删除");#}$("#deleteModal").modal('show');{#  获取当前行的ID并赋值给全局变量  #}DELETE_ID = $(this).attr("uid");})}function bindBtnConfirmDeleteEvent() {$("#btnConfirmDelete").click(function () {{#    确认删除按钮，将确定删除的id发送给后台#}$.ajax({url: "/order/delete/",type: "GET",data: {uid: DELETE_ID},dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {{#alert("删除成功");#}{#$('#deleteModal').modal('hide');#}{#location.reload();#}{#    在页面上将当前一行数据删除#}{#$("tr[uid='"+DELETE_ID +"']").remove();#}{#    要删除的id置为空#}{#DELETE_ID = 0;#}location.reload();} else {alert(res.error);}}})})}function bindBtnEditEvent() {$(".btn-edit").click(function () {var uid = $(this).attr("uid");EDIT_ID = uid{#设置对话框标题#}$("#myModalLabel").text("编辑"){#alert("点击了编辑");#}{#  发送ajax去后端获取当前行的相关数据#}$.ajax({url: "/order/detail/",type: "get",data: {uid: uid},dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {$.each(res.data, function (name, value) {$("#id_" + name).val(value);})$("#myModal").modal('show');} else {alert(res.error)}}}){#  在对话框中默认看到#}})}</script>
{% endblock %}