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阿里云对象存储OSS SDK的使用

news 2026/5/12 3:03:11

官方文档

https://help.aliyun.com/zh/oss/developer-reference/java

准备工作

windows安装好JDK，这里使用JDK1.8为例
windows安装好IDEA，这里使用IDEA2022
登录阿里云控制台，通过免费试用OSS或开通OSS

步骤

配置访问凭证

有临时和长期访问凭证，简单起见，这里使用长期访问凭证。

配置RAM用户的访问密钥

1.创建RAM用户

登录阿里云，搜索访问控制，进入RAM 访问控制
在这里插入图片描述

在RAM 访问控制中，创建RAM用户
在这里插入图片描述
填写用户信息，勾选相关访问方式，点击确定

安全验证，根据提示进行其中一个验证。

得到RAM用户的相关信息，例如登录名称、登录密码、AccessKey ID和Access Secret

点击用户，找到刚创建的RAM用户一行，点击添加权限

在这里插入图片描述
添加AliyunOSSFullAccess权限

2.配置RAM用户的访问密钥。

有两种方式配置RAM用户的访问密钥

设置环境变量
代码嵌入
把AccessKey ID和Access Secret设置在环境变量里比直接代码嵌入的方式更加安全些，两种方式选择其中之一即可。

设置环境变量

打开cmd命令行。

执行以下命令配置RAM用户的访问密钥。

set OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=LTAI4GDty8ab9W4Y1D****
set OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=IrVTNZNy5yQelTETg0cZML3TQn****

注意： OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET修改为对应AccessKey ID和Access Secret的值。
在这里插入图片描述

执行以下命令以使更改生效。

setx OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID "%OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%"
setx OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET "%OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET%"

这个过程其实是往用户的环境变量里设置相应的值(用图形界面设置也一样)
在这里插入图片描述

执行以下命令验证环境变量配置。

echo %OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%
echo %OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET%

成功返回示例如下：

LTAI4GDty8ab9W4Y1D****
IrVTNZNy5yQelTETg0cZML3TQn****

从环境变量中获取RAM用户的访问密钥。

// 使用环境变量中获取的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();

注意：设置环境变量后，如果之前已经打开IDEA，后面使用代码去获取环境变量时，需要重启IDEA，才能获取到新的环境变量设置。否则获取到的环境变量为null

代码嵌入

// RAM用户的访问密钥（AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret）。
String accessKeyId = "yourAccessKeyId";
String accessKeySecret = "yourAccessKeySecret";
// 使用代码嵌入的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new DefaultCredentialProvider(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);

代码开发

1. 创建maven工程

打开IDEA->点击File->New Project
在这里插入图片描述

2. 添加sdk依赖

    <dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId><version>3.15.1</version></dependency></dependencies>

刷新依赖

3. 功能代码开发

使用SDK API实现创建Bucket、列举Bucket文件、上传文件、下载文件、删除文件。代码参考官方帮助文档。
代码结构如下：
在这里插入图片描述

创建Bucket

package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;public class CreateBucketDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1（杭州）为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前，请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// 创建存储空间。ossClient.createBucket(bucketName);} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}

*注意：修改endpoint、bucketName ，bucketName 不能有重复。

运行后，在阿里云控制台查看到bucket创建成功如下
在这里插入图片描述
可以手动上传一些文件到bucket里，点击Bucket名称

进入bucket文件列表页面，通过上传文件、创建目录等方式让Bucket里得到一些目录和文件。

列举Bucket文件

package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.DefaultCredentialProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.OSSObjectSummary;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.ObjectListing;public class ListFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1（杭州）为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 嵌入代码// RAM用户的访问密钥（AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret）。注意修改xxx的值String accessKeyId = "xxx";String accessKeySecret = "xxx";// 使用代码嵌入的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new DefaultCredentialProvider(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前，请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
//        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// ossClient.listObjects返回ObjectListing实例，包含此次listObject请求的返回结果。ObjectListing objectListing = ossClient.listObjects(bucketName);// objectListing.getObjectSummaries获取所有文件的描述信息。for (OSSObjectSummary objectSummary : objectListing.getObjectSummaries()) {System.out.println(" - " + objectSummary.getKey() + "  " +"(size = " + objectSummary.getSize() + ")");}} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}

使用代码嵌入的方式得到RAM用户的访问密钥。
注意修改accessKeyId和accessKeySecret的值。
运行代码能看到一些文件
在这里插入图片描述

上传文件

package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;public class UploadFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1（杭州）为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前，请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 填写Object完整路径，例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。String objectName = "file/uploadobject1.txt";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {String content = "Hello OSS";ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()));} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}

运行后，查看阿里云控制台，多了一个uploadobject1.txt文件，
在这里插入图片描述
可以验证uploadobject1.txt的内容为

Hello OSS

下载文件

package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.OSSObject;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;public class DownloadFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1（杭州）为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前，请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 填写Object完整路径，例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。String objectName = "file/emp.sql";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// 调用ossClient.getObject返回一个OSSObject实例，该实例包含文件内容及文件元信息。OSSObject ossObject = ossClient.getObject(bucketName, objectName);// 调用ossObject.getObjectContent获取文件输入流，可读取此输入流获取其内容。InputStream content = ossObject.getObjectContent();if (content != null) {BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content));while (true) {String line = reader.readLine();if (line == null) {break;}System.out.println("\n" + line);//这里简单打印每行内容}// 数据读取完成后，获取的流必须关闭，否则会造成连接泄漏，导致请求无连接可用，程序无法正常工作。content.close();}} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}

运行程序，看到emp.sql的内容
在这里插入图片描述

删除文件

package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;public class DeleteFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1（杭州）为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前，请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 填写Object完整路径，例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。String objectName = "file/uploadobject1.txt";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// 删除文件。ossClient.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName);} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}

运行程序后，刷新Bucket列表，看到file/uploadobject1.txt被删除了。
在这里插入图片描述
代码总结：
在使用OSS SDK时，需要先创建OSSClient实例ossClient，然后调用对应API方法。例如：

创建Bucket： ossClient.createBucket(bucketName)
列举Bucket文件： ossClient.listObjects(bucketName)
上传文件：ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()))
下载文件：ossClient.getObject(bucketName, objectName).getObjectContent()
删除文件：ossClient.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName)

完成！enjoy it！