uniapp微信小程序蓝牙连接与设备数据对接

蓝牙连接并通信方法封装大致步骤。

1. 初始化蓝牙并搜索；
2. 获取并启用service服务；
3. 数据读取和监听设备返回数据

需要使用uniapp官方提供api：

// 关闭蓝牙
uni.closeBluetoothAdapter({})
// 打开蓝牙
uni.openBluetoothAdapter({})
// 搜索附近的蓝牙
uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({})
// 停止搜索
uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({})
// 连接低功耗BLE蓝牙
uni.createBLEConnection({})
// 获取蓝牙设备所有服务(service)
uni.getBLEDeviceServices({})
// 获取蓝牙特征值
uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({})
// 启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的 notify 功能，订阅特征值
uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({})
// 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化事件
uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange({})
// 读取低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值的二进制数据值
uni.readBLECharacteristicValue({})

1、开启蓝牙适配器初始化蓝牙模块，获取手机蓝牙是否打开

const getBluetoothState = () => {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.openBluetoothAdapter({mode: 'central', // 主机模式success: (r) => {console.log("蓝牙初始化成功");// 获取蓝牙的匹配状态uni.getBluetoothAdapterState({success: function(row) {console.log('蓝牙状态：', row.available);if (row.available) {// 蓝牙连接成功，开启蓝牙设备搜索resolve();} else {// 请开启蓝牙uni.showToast({title: "请开启蓝牙",icon: 'none',duration: 2000});reject();}},fail: function(err) {// 请开启蓝牙uni.showToast({title: "请开启蓝牙",icon: 'none',duration: 2000});reject();}})},fail: () => {// 请开启蓝牙uni.showToast({title: "请开启蓝牙",icon: 'none',duration: 2000});reject();}});});
}

2、开启蓝牙设备搜索

const discoveryBluetooth = () => {return new Promise((resolve) => {uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({success(res) {uni.showLoading({title: "正在搜索设备",icon:"none",duration: 2000});console.log('搜索蓝牙外围设备完成', res)setTimeout(() => {// 监听寻找到的蓝牙设备resolve();}, 2000);}});});
}

3、获取搜索到的设备信息

const getBluetoothDevices = () => {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.getBluetoothDevices({success(res) {// 过滤掉name为空或者未知设备的设备let devices = res.devices.filter(function(obj) {return obj.name !== "" && obj.name !== "未知设备"});devices && devices.forEach(item => {// 获取指定连接deviceIdif(item.name && item.name.substring(0, 5) === 'aaaa-'){// aaaa-*********蓝牙设备型号，根据需求选择设备型号// item.deviceId;}});},fail: function() {console.log('搜索蓝牙设备失败');reject();},complete: function() {console.log("蓝牙搜索完成");resolve();}});});
}

4、关闭蓝牙搜索

const stopDiscoveryBluetooth = () => {uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({success(r) {console.log("停止搜索蓝牙设备", r);}});
};

5、连接蓝牙

const connectBluetooth = () => {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.createBLEConnection({deviceId: deviceId, // 设备idsuccess() {// 蓝牙连接成功后关闭蓝牙搜索并获取服务idstopDiscoveryBluetooth();resolve();// 获取服务idgetServiceId();},fail() {console.log("蓝牙连接失败");reject();}});});
};

6、获取服务id

const getServiceId = () => {uni.getBLEDeviceServices({deviceId: deviceId,success(res) {console.log("获取服务Id", res)// serviceId固定，获取蓝牙设备某个服务中的所有特征值【读写属性】let model = res.services[0];serviceId = model.uuid;// 调用蓝牙监听和写入功能getCharacteId();},fail(err){console.log('获取服务失败', err);}})
};

7、获取蓝牙低功耗设备某个服务中所有特征

const getCharacteId = () => {uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({deviceId: deviceId, // 蓝牙设备idserviceId: serviceId, // 蓝牙服务UUIDsuccess(res) {console.log('数据监听', res);res.characteristics.forEach(item => {// 003if (item.properties.notify === true) {// 监听notify = item.uuid;}// 002if (item.properties.write === true) {// 写入let writeId = item.uuid;}});},fail(err) {console.log("数据监听失败", err)}})
};

8、监听设备返回数据，启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的notify功能

const startNotice = () => {uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({characteristicId: notify,deviceId: deviceId,serviceId: serviceId,state: true,success(res) {// 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange(result => {console.log("监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化", result);if (result.value) {console.log('设备返回数据', result.value)}})}});
};

9、向蓝牙设备发送数据

const writeData = (buffer) => {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.writeBLECharacteristicValue({characteristicId: uni.getStorageSync("writeId"),deviceId: deviceId,serviceId: serviceId,value: buffer,success(res) {console.log("writeBLECharacteristicValue success", res);resolve();},fail(err) {console.log("报错了", err);reject();}});});
};

封装完整方法：

import { TextDecoder } from 'text-encoding-utf-8';
let bluetoothOpen = false; // 手机蓝牙是否打开
let bluetoothConnect = false; // 设备和蓝牙是否连接
let isHaveDevice = false; // 是否查找到设备
let deviceId = null; // 设备id
let serviceId = null; // 服务id
let notify = null; // 监听uuid
let writeId = null; // 写入uuid
/*** 获取手机蓝牙是否打开*/
const getBluetoothState = () => {// 主机模式return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.openBluetoothAdapter({mode: 'central',success: (r) => {console.log("蓝牙初始化成功");// 获取蓝牙的匹配状态uni.getBluetoothAdapterState({success: function(row) {console.log('蓝牙状态：', row.available);if (row.available) {bluetoothOpen = true;resolve();} else {// 请开启蓝牙bluetoothOpen = false;bluetoothConnect = false;reject();}},fail: function(err) {// 请开启蓝牙bluetoothOpen = false;bluetoothConnect = false;reject();}})},fail: () => {// 请开启蓝牙bluetoothOpen = false;bluetoothConnect = false;reject();}});});
};
/*** 开始搜索蓝牙设备*/
const discoveryBluetooth = () => {return new Promise((resolve) => {uni.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({success(res) {console.log('搜索蓝牙外围设备完成', res)setTimeout(() => {resolve();}, 2000);}});})
};
// 关闭蓝牙搜索
const stopDiscoveryBluetooth = () => {uni.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery({success(r) {console.log("停止搜索蓝牙设备", r);}});
};
/*** 获取搜索到的设备信息*/
const getBluetoothDevices = () => {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.getBluetoothDevices({success(res) {bluetoothConnect = false;// 过滤掉name为空或者未知设备的设备let devices = res.devices.filter(function(obj) {return obj.name !== "" && obj.name !== "未知设备"});devices && devices.forEach(item => {if(item.name && item.name.substring(0, 5) === 'aaaa-'){deviceId = item.deviceId;}});},fail: function() {console.log('搜索蓝牙设备失败');bluetoothConnect = false;reject();},complete: function() {console.log("蓝牙搜索完成");// 是否具有当前设备if (deviceId) {isHaveDevice = true;} else {isHaveDevice = false;}resolve(isHaveDevice);}});});
}
/*** 连接蓝牙* deviceId 蓝牙设备id*/
const connectBluetooth = () => {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.createBLEConnection({deviceId: deviceId, // 设备idsuccess() {bluetoothConnect = true;// 蓝牙连接成功后关闭蓝牙搜索stopDiscoveryBluetooth();resolve();// 获取服务idgetServiceId();},fail() {bluetoothConnect = false;console.log("蓝牙连接失败");reject();}});});
};
// 获取服务id
const getServiceId = () => {uni.getBLEDeviceServices({deviceId: deviceId,success(res) {console.log("获取服务Id", res)let model = res.services[0];serviceId = model.uuid;// 调用蓝牙监听和写入功能getCharacteId();}})
};
// 获取蓝牙低功耗设备某个服务中所有特征
const getCharacteId = () => {uni.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({deviceId: deviceId, // 蓝牙设备idserviceId: serviceId, // 蓝牙服务UUIDsuccess(res) {console.log('数据监听', res);res.characteristics.forEach(item => {// 003if (item.properties.notify === true) {// 监听notify = item.uuid;startNotice();}// 002if (item.properties.write === true) {// 写入let writeId = item.uuid;uni.setStorageSync("writeId", item.uuid);}});},fail(err) {console.log("数据监听失败", err)}})
};
// 启用低功耗蓝牙设备特征值变化时的notify功能
const startNotice = () => {uni.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({characteristicId: notify,deviceId: deviceId,serviceId: serviceId,state: true,success(res) {// 监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化uni.onBLECharacteristicValueChange(result => {console.log("监听低功耗蓝牙设备的特征值变化", result);if (result.value) {let decoder = new TextDecoder('utf-8');let data = decoder.decode(result.value);console.log('帽子返回数据', data)}})}});
};
// 蓝牙发送数据
const writeData = (buffer) => {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {uni.writeBLECharacteristicValue({characteristicId: uni.getStorageSync("writeId"),deviceId: deviceId,serviceId: serviceId,value: buffer,success(res) {console.log("writeBLECharacteristicValue success", res);resolve();},fail(err) {console.log("报错了", err);reject();}});});
};
export default {getBluetoothState,discoveryBluetooth,stopDiscoveryBluetooth,getBluetoothDevices,connectBluetooth,getServiceId,getCharacteId,startNotice,writeData
};

使用案例：

<template><view class="device_container"></view>
</template><script>import bluetooth from '../bluetooth.js';export default {data() {return {bluetoothStatus: false, // 蓝牙连接状态}},methods: {// 获取蓝牙和设备是否已连接initBluetooth() {let _this = this;// 初始化蓝牙bluetooth.getBluetoothState().then(() => {// 搜索外围蓝牙设备bluetooth.discoveryBluetooth().then(() => {this.discoveryLoading = true;// 获取蓝牙设备bluetooth.getBluetoothDevices().then((isHaveDevice) => {if (isHaveDevice) {// 搜索到指定设备,连接蓝牙bluetooth.connectBluetooth().then(() => {_this.bluetoothStatus = true;}, () => {_this.bluetoothStatus = false;});} else {// 未搜到设备_this.bluetoothStatus = false;}}, () => {// 蓝牙搜索失败_this.bluetoothStatus = false;});});}, () => {// 未开启蓝牙_this.bluetoothStatus = false;});},// 向设备发送数据writeBlueData() {let obj = {cmd: 3,freq: 430125,speakable: 1};let objStr = JSON.stringify(obj);let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(objStr.length); // 每个字符占用2个字节let bufView = new Uint8Array(buffer);for (let i = 0; i < objStr.length; i++) {bufView[i] = objStr.charCodeAt(i);}bluetooth.writeData(buffer);}},onShow() {// 获取蓝牙和设备连接状态this.initBluetooth();},}
</script><style lang="scss">page {height: 100%;}
</style>