Java中配置RabbitMQ基本步骤

在Java中配置RabbitMQ，需要遵循以下步骤：

1.添加依赖

在项目的pom.xml文件中添加RabbitMQ的Java客户端依赖：

<dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>5.13.0</version>
</dependency>

2.创建连接工厂

创建一个连接工厂，用于创建与RabbitMQ服务器的连接：

import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;public class RabbitMQConfig {public static ConnectionFactory createConnectionFactory() {ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.setHost("localhost"); // 设置RabbitMQ服务器地址factory.setPort(5672); // 设置RabbitMQ服务器端口factory.setUsername("guest"); // 设置用户名factory.setPassword("guest"); // 设置密码return factory;}
}

3.创建生产者和消费者 

创建一个生产者，用于发送消息到RabbitMQ队列：

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;public class Producer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitMQConfig.createConnectionFactory();Connection connection = factory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();String queueName = "test_queue";channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);String message = "Hello, RabbitMQ!";channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));System.out.println("Sent: '" + message + "'");channel.close();connection.close();}
}

创建一个消费者，用于从RabbitMQ队列中接收消息：4

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Consumer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {ConnectionFactory factory = RabbitMQConfig.createConnectionFactory();Connection connection = factory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();String queueName = "test_queue";channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);System.out.println("Waiting for messages...");DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");System.out.println("Received: '" + message + "'");};channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});}
}

4.运行生产者和消费者 

分别运行Producer和Consumer类的main方法，生产者将消息发送到RabbitMQ队列，消费者将从队列中接收并处理消息。