高级深入--day42

注意：模拟登陆时，必须保证settings.py里的 COOKIES_ENABLED (Cookies中间件) 处于开启状态

COOKIES_ENABLED = True 或 # COOKIES_ENABLED = False

策略一：直接POST数据（比如需要登陆的账户信息)

只要是需要提供post数据的，就可以用这种方法。下面示例里post的数据是账户密码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapyclass Renren1Spider(scrapy.Spider):name = "renren1"allowed_domains = ["renren.com"]def start_requests(self):url = 'http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do'# FormRequest 是Scrapy发送POST请求的方法yield scrapy.FormRequest(url = url,formdata = {"email" : "[e-mail]", "password" : "axxxxxxxe"},callback = self.parse_page)def parse_page(self, response):with open("mao2.html", "w") as filename:filename.write(response.body)

策略二：标准的模拟登陆步骤

正统模拟登录方法：

1. 首先发送登录页面的get请求，获取到页面里的登录必须的参数（比如说zhihu登陆界面的 _xsrf）

2. 然后和账户密码一起post到服务器，登录成功

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapyclass Renren2Spider(scrapy.Spider):name = "renren2"allowed_domains = ["renren.com"]start_urls = ("http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do",)# 处理start_urls里的登录url的响应内容，提取登陆需要的参数（如果需要的话)def parse(self, response):# 提取登陆需要的参数#_xsrf = response.xpath("//_xsrf").extract()[0]# 发送请求参数，并调用指定回调函数处理yield scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(response,formdata = {"email" : "[e-mail]", "password" : "axxxxxxxe"},#, "_xsrf" = _xsrf},callback = self.parse_page)# 获取登录成功状态，访问需要登录后才能访问的页面def parse_page(self, response):url = "http://www.renren.com/422167102/profile"yield scrapy.Request(url, callback = self.parse_newpage)# 处理响应内容def parse_newpage(self, response):with open("xiao.html", "w") as filename:filename.write(response.body)

策略三：直接使用保存登陆状态的Cookie模拟登陆

如果实在没办法了，可以用这种方法模拟登录，虽然麻烦一点，但是成功率100%

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapyclass RenrenSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = "renren"allowed_domains = ["renren.com"]start_urls = ('http://www.renren.com/111111','http://www.renren.com/222222','http://www.renren.com/333333',)cookies = {"anonymid" : "ixrna3fysufnwv","_r01_" : "1","ap" : "327550029","JSESSIONID" : "abciwg61A_RvtaRS3GjOv","depovince" : "GW","springskin" : "set","jebe_key" : "f6fb270b-d06d-42e6-8b53-e67c3156aa7e%7Cc13c37f53bca9e1e7132d4b58ce00fa3%7C1484060607478%7C1%7C1486198628950","t" : "691808127750a83d33704a565d8340ae9","societyguester" : "691808127750a83d33704a565d8340ae9","id" : "327550029","xnsid" : "f42b25cf","loginfrom" : "syshome"}# 可以重写Spider类的start_requests方法，附带Cookie值，发送POST请求def start_requests(self):for url in self.start_urls:yield scrapy.FormRequest(url, cookies = self.cookies, callback = self.parse_page)# 处理响应内容def parse_page(self, response):print "===========" + response.urlwith open("deng.html", "w") as filename:filename.write(response.body)