Unity json反序列化为 字典存储

当在Unity游戏中需要加载和管理游戏数据，通常使用JSON文件是一种常见的方法。在本篇博客中，我们将深入探讨如何使用C#和Unity的JSON反序列化功能来实现这一目标。我们可以使用Unity的JsonUtility来反序列化JSON数据并将其映射到自定义的C#数据结构中。

首先，让我们来创建一些数据类，以便加载和管理游戏中的角色和武器数据。在这个示例中，我们将使用Player（角色）、Monster（怪物）和WeaponData（武器数据）这三种数据类型。

{"players": [{"id": "1","name": "player0","weaponID": "102","maxHp": "50","damage": "0","defense": "0","moveSpeed": "5.0","coolDown": "0","amount": "0"},{"id": "2","name": "player1","weaponID": "101","maxHp": "40","damage": "-10","defense": "0","moveSpeed": "5","coolDown": "20","amount": "0"},{"id": "3","name": "player2","weaponID": "101","maxHp": "50","damage": "20","defense": "1","moveSpeed": "5.0","coolDown": "-50","amount": "1"},{"id": "4","name": "player3","weaponID": "102","maxHp": "50","damage": "-50","defense": "-1","moveSpeed": "6","coolDown": "100","amount": "0"}]
} 

我们需要创建了具有与JSON数据匹配的数据结构。这些类使用[Serializable]特性，以便能够进行JSON序列化和反序列化

[Serializable]public class Monster{public int id;public string name;public int maxHp;public int damage;public int defense;public float moveSpeed;public int expMul;}`在这里插入代码片`

通过观察JSON文件我们发现，这个JSON文件示例是一个包含多个玩家信息的数组。

[Serializable]public class PlayerData{public List<Player> players = new List<Player>();}

我们可以用一个玩家数据结构的数组去存储这个json文件，并

用

TextAsset textAsset = Managers.Resource.Load<TextAsset>($"Data/PlayerData");
PlayerData []players JsonUtility.FromJson<Loader>(textAsset.text);

去解析并且遍历它放到字典里，
当我们要解析的json特别多时 我们定义了一个泛型方法LoadJson，该方法负责加载JSON数据并将其反序列化为具体类型的字典。这个方法接受一个Loader类型，该类型必须实现ILoader接口。

 Loader LoadJson<Loader, Key, Value>(string path) where Loader : ILoader<Key, Value>{TextAsset textAsset = Managers.Resource.Load<TextAsset>($"Data/{path}");return JsonUtility.FromJson<Loader>(textAsset.text);}

ILoader接口

public interface ILoader<Key, Value>
{Dictionary<Key, Value> MakeDict();
}

我们让存储具有JSON数据结构的数组继承该接口

	[Serializable]public class PlayerData : ILoader<int, Player>{public List<Player> players = new List<Player>();public Dictionary<int, Player> MakeDict(){Dictionary<int, Player> dict = new Dictionary<int, Player>();foreach (Player player in players)dict.Add(player.id, player);return dict;}}

这样就可以将JSON文件反序列化放在数组中

 public Dictionary<int, Data.WeaponData> WeaponData { get; private set; } = new Dictionary<int, Data.WeaponData>();public Dictionary<int, Data.Player> PlayerData { get; private set; } = new Dictionary<int, Data.Player>();public Dictionary<int, Data.Monster> MonsterData { get; private set; } = new Dictionary<int, Data.Monster>();public void Init(){PlayerData = LoadJson<Data.PlayerData, int, Data.Player>("PlayerData").MakeDict();WeaponData = LoadJson<Data.WeaponDataLoader, int, Data.WeaponData>("WeaponData").MakeDict();MonsterData = LoadJson<Data.MonsterData, int, Data.Monster>("MonsterData").MakeDict();}

代码如下

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public interface ILoader<Key, Value>
{Dictionary<Key, Value> MakeDict();
}public class DataManager
{public Dictionary<int, Data.WeaponData> WeaponData { get; private set; } = new Dictionary<int, Data.WeaponData>();public Dictionary<int, Data.Player> PlayerData { get; private set; } = new Dictionary<int, Data.Player>();public Dictionary<int, Data.Monster> MonsterData { get; private set; } = new Dictionary<int, Data.Monster>();public void Init(){PlayerData = LoadJson<Data.PlayerData, int, Data.Player>("PlayerData").MakeDict();WeaponData = LoadJson<Data.WeaponDataLoader, int, Data.WeaponData>("WeaponData").MakeDict();MonsterData = LoadJson<Data.MonsterData, int, Data.Monster>("MonsterData").MakeDict();}Loader LoadJson<Loader, Key, Value>(string path) where Loader : ILoader<Key, Value>{TextAsset textAsset = Managers.Resource.Load<TextAsset>($"Data/{path}");return JsonUtility.FromJson<Loader>(textAsset.text);}}

在DataManager的Init方法中，我们加载并初始化了游戏数据，包括角色数据、武器数据和怪物数据。通过调用LoadJson泛型方法，我们可以轻松地加载各种类型的JSON数据并将其转化为字典对象。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;namespace Data
{#region Character[Serializable]public class Player{public int id;public string name;public int weaponID;public int maxHp;public int damage;public int defense;public float moveSpeed;public int coolDown;public int amount;}[Serializable]public class PlayerData : ILoader<int, Player>{public List<Player> players = new List<Player>();public Dictionary<int, Player> MakeDict(){Dictionary<int, Player> dict = new Dictionary<int, Player>();foreach (Player player in players)dict.Add(player.id, player);return dict;}}#endregion#region Monster[Serializable]public class Monster{public int id;public string name;public int maxHp;public int damage;public int defense;public float moveSpeed;public int expMul;}public class MonsterData : ILoader<int, Monster>{public List<Monster> monsters = new List<Monster>();public Dictionary<int, Monster> MakeDict(){Dictionary<int, Monster> dict = new Dictionary<int, Monster>();foreach (Monster monster in monsters)dict.Add(monster.id, monster);return dict;}}#endregion#region Weapon[Serializable]public class WeaponData{public int weaponID;public string weaponName;public List<WeaponLevelData> weaponLevelData = new List<WeaponLevelData>();}[Serializable]public class WeaponLevelData{public int level;public int damage;public float movSpeed;public float force;public float cooldown;public float size;public int penetrate;public int countPerCreate;}[Serializable]public class WeaponDataLoader : ILoader<int, WeaponData>{public List<WeaponData> weapons = new List<WeaponData>();public Dictionary<int, WeaponData> MakeDict(){Dictionary<int, WeaponData> dict = new Dictionary<int, WeaponData>();foreach (WeaponData weapon in weapons)dict.Add(weapon.weaponID, weapon);return dict;}}#endregion}

通过使用Unity的JsonUtility和C#的泛型方法，我们可以方便地加载和管理游戏数据。这种方法对于处理不同类型的数据非常有用，而且代码可复用性很高。希望这篇博客对你了解Unity中的JSON反序列化和数据管理有所帮助。如果你有任何问题或需要进一步的指导，请随时在评论中提问！