定语 从句

回顾能作定语的成分
形容词：She is a responsible girl．她是一个负责任的姑娘。（前置定语）

The girl responsible was expelled．对此负责的姑娘被开除了。（后置定语）

代词：Whose fault is it？这得怪谁？

This could change our lives．这可以改变我们的生活。

数词：She bought two kilos of apples．她买了两公斤的苹果。 Our office is on the 12th floor．我们的办公室在十二楼。

名词或名词所有格：They are going to send a trade delegation to China．他们将派遣一个贸易代表团来中国。

What’s your government’s view about it？你们政府对此有何看法？

分词（短语）：There is a door leading to the garden．有一座门通往花园。

What do you think of the proposal put forward by the Green Party？绿党提出的建议你觉得如何？

不定式（短词）：Perhaps in years to come we shall meet again．或许在未来岁月中我们还会相见。

There are a lot of things to be done．有很多事要做。

介词短语：That has no relation to the matter under discussion．这和讨论的问题没有关系。

Plans for the weekend are still tentative．关于周末的计划还只是初步的。

副词：The scenery up at the lake is just breathtaking．湖上风光令人惊讶。

The buildings around were badly damaged．附近的建筑受到严重损坏。

词组或合成词：Is there anything the matter with you？出了什么事吗？

They were mostly well-to-do farmers．他们大多数是富裕农民。

从句：There are a number of factors which we’re to consider．有很多因素我们需要考虑。

This is the only reference book(that) I find useful．这是我发现的唯一有用的参考书。

限制性定语从句（也称限制性关系从句）
大多数定语从句都对所修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“……的人（事物）”：

1.由关系代词who (m)引导，代表人时多用who：
The man who stole your car has been arrested．偷你汽车的人已经捕获。

Would anyone who saw the accident please get in touch with the police？请目击这一事故的人与警方联系好吗？

The girl who came this morning is my cousin．今天早上来的姑娘是我的表妹。

有时可用that，特别是在all, everyone, no one, nobody和those后面：

Everyone that (who) knows him likes him．认识他的人都喜欢他。

Is he the man that sells dogs？他就是卖狗的人吗？

在从句中作宾语时用whom，也可用that代替：

The man whom (that) I saw told me to come here．我见到的人让我到这里来。

The man with whom I travelled (that I travelled with) couldn’t speak English.和我一道旅行的人不会说英语。

在口语中常用who或省略：

The girls who (that) he employs are always complaining about the pay．他雇佣的女孩子们，老是抱怨她们的工资低。

The man who (m)(that) I brought the computer from doesn’t own a shop．我向他买电脑的那个人并没有开一家店。

2. 由关系代词whose引导
   起所有格的作用，表示“……的”：

People whose rents have been raised can appeal．房租被提高的人可以上诉。

The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him．电影讲的是一个被妻子出卖的间谍。

代表物时多用which或that，可在从句中作主语，宾语或介词宾语：

作主语：This is the film which(that) created a great sensation．这就是那部引起很大轰动的电影。

All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs．落在地上的苹果都被猪吃了。

作宾语：This is the best hotel (that) I know．这是我知道的最佳旅馆。

作介词宾语：The agency from which we bought our tickets is bankrupt．卖给我们机票的旅行社破产了。

that不能紧跟在介词后面，但若把介词放在句末，则可以用that（也可省略）：

This is the pan (that) I boiled the milk in.

The agency (that) we bought our tickets from is bankrupt.

3. when, where, why等关系副词引导定语从句：
   1994 was the year when he was born.1994是他的出生年。

There are times when such things are necessary．有时候这样的事是必要的。

This is the village where he was born．这就是他出生的村子。

She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer．她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。

非限制性定语从句
对所修饰的名词没有限制意义的作用，而只补充一点情况，与主句关系不紧密，把它们拿掉，主句照样成立。它们和所修饰的名词之间常加一个逗号，译成汉语时另起一个句子，仿佛是并列句。只有who (m),whose和which等关系代词能引起这类从句(that不能）：

who (m),whose和which引导
I’ve invited Diana, who lives in the next flat．我邀请了戴安娜，她住在我们隔壁。

My daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week．我女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。

Mr. Green, for whom I was working, was very generous．我给格林先生工作，他很慷慨大方。

Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job．格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。

The 8:30 train, which is usually very punctual, was late today．八点半的火车通常是很准时的，今天却晚点了。

which, whom等可以和of或其他介词一起用：

I picked up the peaches,some of which were badly bruised．我捡起那些桃子，其中有些已经碰伤了。

Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning．她的两个儿子都在国外工作，今天早上给她来了电话。

His house,for which he paid￡10,000, is now worth￡50,000．他的房子买的时候他花了一万英镑，现在值五万英镑了。

This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper．九点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。

George, with whom I played tennis on Sundays, was fitter than me．我每星期天都和乔治一道打网球，他的身体比我好。

which有时不代表一个名词，而代表前面句子的全部或部分意思：

Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous．彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。

Rats ran about the attic all night, which kept me awake．阁楼老鼠整夜跑，吵得我睡不着。

He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true．他说他从没见到

关系副词when和where也可引起非限制性定语从句：
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better．我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点儿。

That was in 1949, since when things have been better．那时是1949年，从那以后情况就好些了。

Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus．巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。

We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of theprocession．我们爬上屋顶，从那儿可以很好地观看游行。

由其他一些关系代词或副词引起的从句as也可用作关系代词，引起定语从句，主要和such连用：

He is not such a fool as he looks．他并不像他看起来那么傻。

I never heard such stories as he tells．我从未听过他讲的这种故事。

He never remembered to have such weariness as he felt now．他不记得过去曾有过他现在的这种疲惫的感觉。

有时可和such连在一起：

Then I left it, feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before．然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重情绪。

We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had．我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。

There was a look of fear in her eyes, such as people have when they aresuddenly awakened．她眼睛里有一种人们突然被唤醒时产生的恐惧表情。

也可和same连用：

You must show my wife the same respect as you show me．你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的敬重。

My stand on this is just the same as it was four years ago．我对这问题的立场仍和四年前一样。

She knew he felt just the same as she did．她知道他的感受和她一样。
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原文见CSDN博主「加菲猫惹」的原创文章，
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Problem_Girl/article/details/108266186