【大数据监控】Prometheus、Node_exporter、Graphite_exporter安装部署详细文档

Prometheus

简介

Prometheus是一个开源的系统监控和报警系统，现在已经加入到CNCF基金会，成为继k8s之后第二个在CNCF托管的项目，在kubernetes容器管理系统中，通常会搭配prometheus进行监控，同时也支持多种exporter采集数据，还支持pushgateway进行数据上报，Prometheus性能足够支撑上万台规模的集群。

下载软件包

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.19.2/prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

安装部署

解压

tar zxvf prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

创建用户

groupadd prometheus
useradd -g prometheus -m -d /var/lib/prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
chown prometheus.prometheus -R /usr/local/prometheus

创建Systemd服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=prometheus
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus/data 
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

修改配置文件prometheus.yml

前面部分基本没改动，沿用默认配置。

参数	作用
scrape_interval	默认抓取间隔, 15秒向目标抓取一次数据
scrape_configs	这个配置是表示在这个配置内的时间序例，每一条都会自动添加上这个{job_name:“prometheus”}的标签 - job_name: ‘prometheus’
job_name	默认抓取间隔, 15秒向目标抓取一次数据
scrape_interval	监控名称，相当于分组组名之类 （可手动自定义添加）
static_configs	配置静态获取地址，与targets配合使用
file_sd_configs	引用外部获取地址，与files配合使用
files	外部获取地址文件指定，外部IP地址需要以json格式。 此方法优点适合大集群规模，可以根据hosts文件，批量生成json文件。可以直接添加IP地址，不用修改主配置，不用重启prometheus

最终配置文件如下：

# my global config
global:scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:alertmanagers:- static_configs:- targets:# - alertmanager:9093# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:# - "first_rules.yml"# - "second_rules.yml"# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.- job_name: 'prometheus'# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'# scheme defaults to 'http'.static_configs:- targets: ['localhost:9090']- job_name: 'linux_server' #自定义名称,用于监控linux基础服务file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/linux.json  #linux机器IP地址json文件- job_name: 'hdfs'  #用于监控HDFS组件file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/hdfs.json  #hdfs参数获取地址- job_name: 'hbase' #用于监控Hbase组件file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/hbase.json #hbase参数获取地址- job_name: 'yarn' #用于监控Yarn组件file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/yarn.json #yarn参数获取地址- job_name: 'zookeeper' #用于监控zk组件file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/zookeeper.json #zk参数获取地址- job_name: 'hive'file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/hive.json- job_name: 'kafka'file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/kafka.json- job_name: 'spark'file_sd_configs:- files:- configs/spark.json

启动Prometheus

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl status prometheus
systemctl enable prometheus

node exporter

Exporter是Prometheus的指标数据收集组件。它负责从目标Jobs收集数据，并把收集到的数据转换为Prometheus支持的时序数据格式。 和传统的指标数据收集组件不同的是，他只负责收集，并不向Server端发送数据，而是等待Prometheus Server 主动抓取.

node-exporter 默认的抓取url地址：http://ip:9100/metrics

另外，如果因为环境原因，网络不可达的场景，Prometheus可以使用Pushgateway 这个组件推送node-exporter的指标数据到远端Prometheus

node-exporter用于采集node的运行指标，包括node的cpu、load、filesystem、meminfo、network等基础监控指标，类似于zabbix监控系统的的zabbix-agent

node-export由Prometheus官方提供、维护，属于监控指标收集类UNIX内核操作系统的必备的exporter。

下载软件包

wget https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/9524057/b94645a1-6c86-4474-bf67-60d4a50107dd?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20220926%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20220926T095059Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=6612cfe53142f33025f44b20185fb9894ab369e9f6f0c1732b55962a67331805&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=13580594&key_id=0&repo_id=9524057&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dnode_exporter-1.3.1.linux-arm64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream

安装部署

解压

tar zxvf prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-2.19.2.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

添加用户

groupadd prometheus
useradd -g prometheus -m -d /var/lib/prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus

创建systemd服务

vim /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
After=network.target[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动node_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter
systemctl status node_exporter
systemctl enable node_exporter

graphite_exporter

Graphite 来收集度量标准，Grafana 则用于构建仪表板，首先，需要配置 Spark 以将 metrics 报告到 Graphite。

prometheus 提供了一个插件（graphite_exporter），可以将 Graphite metrics 进行转化并写入 Prometheus (本文的方式)。

graphite_exporter 接收数据端口为9109

下载软件包

wget https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/34077510/22f3c69a-c294-4f41-a1d9-3de222264411?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20220927%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20220927T071920Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=cbf4255c933adaa74c2343ca5ddf268ddde7bc5ad38da35a4d52ba553d16fadb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=13580594&key_id=0&repo_id=34077510&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dgraphite_exporter-0.12.3.linux-arm64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream

安装部署

解压

tar -xvzf graphite_exporter-0.12.3.linux-arm64.tar.gz
mv graphite_exporter-0.12.3.linux-arm64 /usr/local/graphite_exporter

创建systemd服务

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphite_exporter.service[Unit]
Description=prometheus graphite_exporter[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/graphite_exporter/graphite_exporter --graphite.mapping-config=/usr/local/graphite_exporter/graphite_exporter_mapping
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=42s[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动 graphite_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart graphite_exporter.service
systemctl enable graphite_exporter.service
systemctl status graphite_exporter

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