第15届蓝桥杯嵌入式省赛准备第三天总结笔记(使用STM32cubeMX创建hal库工程+串口接收发送)

因为我是自己搞得板子，原本的下程序和串口1有问题，所以我用的是串口2，用的PA2和PA3

一，使用CubeMX配置串口

选择A开头的这个是异步通信。

配置串口参数，往届的题基本用的9600波特率，所以我这里设置为9600，其他参数照着设置即可。

接下来设置开启串口中断，把他勾选上。

下一步，配置基本GPIO，B站很多博主都更改过配置，我默认的使用没什么问题

接下来把程序导出即可。

二，发送数据

我们在主程序写一个发送程序，首先需要添加两个头文件

#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"

然后写发送程序：

	char temp1[30];sprintf(temp1,"%d\r\n",123456);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t *)temp1,strlen(temp1),50);

sprintf函数：包含在stdio.h里面，他在作用是将sprintf函数打印到字符串中（要注意字符串的长度要足够容纳打印的内容，否则会出现内存溢出），这里我们就是将123456放到temp1这个数组里面。

HAL_UART_Transmit是HAL库提供的串口发送函数。四个参数分别是：

* @param huart UART句柄。
* @param pData指向数据缓冲区(u8或u16数据元素)。
* @param Size要发送的数据元素数量(u8或u16)。
* @param Timeout超时时间。

串口接收：

三，接收数据

需要自己写两个函数

uint8_t rx_porint=0;
uint8_t rx_dat; 
char rx_data[64];
char car_1[10];
char car_2[10];
char car_3[20];
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) //Rx传输完成回调，这个就是HAL库中其中一个回调函数，接受完成回调。
{rx_data[rx_porint++]=rx_dat;HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart2,&rx_dat,1);
}void Uart_Rx_Receiving_Processvoid(void) //接受数据处理函数
{if(rx_porint>0){sscanf(rx_data,"%4s:%4s:%14s",car_1,car_2,car_3);}	rx_porint = 0;memset(rx_data,0,30);
}

sscanf:通常被用来解析并转换字符串，可以实现很强大的字符串解析功能。

memset:作用数组清零。

接下来是我的main.c和usart.c和usart.h程序全部。

//main.c
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
void SystemClock_Config(void);
unsigned char key; 
char temp1[30];
int main(void)
{HAL_Init();SystemClock_Config();MX_GPIO_Init();LCD_Init();LED_Init();Key_Init();MX_USART2_UART_Init();sprintf(temp1,"%d\r\n",123456);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t *)temp1,strlen(temp1),50);while (1){if(rx_porint != 0){int temp=rx_porint;HAL_Delay(1);if(temp==rx_porint){Uart_Rx_Receiving_Processvoid();}}sprintf(temp1,"val=%s",car_1);LCD_SetBackColor(Yellow);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line1,(unsigned char *)temp1);sprintf(temp1,"va2=%s",car_2);LCD_SetBackColor(Yellow);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line3,(unsigned char *)temp1);sprintf(temp1,"va3=%s",car_3);LCD_SetBackColor(Yellow);LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5,(unsigned char *)temp1);}}void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

//usart.c
#include "usart.h"
UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;
uint8_t rx_porint=0;
uint8_t rx_dat; 
char rx_data[64];
char car_1[10];
char car_2[10];
char car_3[20];void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{huart2.Instance = USART2;huart2.Init.BaudRate = 9600;huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;huart2.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;huart2.Init.ClockPrescaler = UART_PRESCALER_DIV1;huart2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}if (HAL_UARTEx_SetTxFifoThreshold(&huart2, UART_TXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}if (HAL_UARTEx_SetRxFifoThreshold(&huart2, UART_RXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}if (HAL_UARTEx_DisableFifoMode(&huart2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart2,&rx_dat,1);
}void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};if(uartHandle->Instance==USART2){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART2_MspInit 0 *//** Initializes the peripherals clocks*/PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART2;PeriphClkInit.Usart2ClockSelection = RCC_USART2CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USART2 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART2_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART2 GPIO ConfigurationPA2     ------> USART2_TXPA3     ------> USART2_RX*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART2;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USART2 interrupt Init */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART2_IRQn, 0, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART2_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART2_MspInit 1 */}
}void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) 
{rx_data[rx_porint++]=rx_dat;HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart2,&rx_dat,1);
}void Uart_Rx_Receiving_Processvoid(void)
{if(rx_porint>0){sscanf(rx_data,"%4s:%4s:%14s",car_1,car_2,car_3);}	rx_porint = 0;memset(rx_data,0,30);
}

//usart.h
#ifndef __USART_H__
#define __USART_H__
#include "main.h"extern unsigned char rx_porint;
extern uint8_t rx_dat;
extern char rx_data[64];
extern char car_1[10];
extern char car_2[10];
extern char car_3[20];
extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);
void Uart_Rx_Receiving_Processvoid(void);#endif