【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计

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编辑|SQL和数据库技术(ID:SQLplusDB)

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【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计

FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计是Oracle提供的一种数据库审计方法，用于创建定制的审计设置。
可以通过调用Oracle的包DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY创建policy(审计策略)。

下面是一个简单的测试。

1. 设置FGA审计策略

 conn scott/tigerBEGIN DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY(object_schema => 'SCOTT',object_name => 'EMP',policy_name => 'EMP_ENAME',audit_column => 'ENAME',enable  => TRUE,statement_types => 'DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT,SELECT',audit_trail => DBMS_FGA.DB_EXTENDED,audit_column_opts =>DBMS_FGA.ANY_COLUMNS);END;/

２．查看设置的审计策略

 set pages 1000set line 200set trims oncol OBJECT_SCHEMA for a12col OBJECT_NAME   for a15col POLICY_NAME   for a30col POLICY_COLUMN for a25col AUDIT_TRAIL   for a12select OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,POLICY_NAME,ENABLED,SEL,INS,UPD,DEL,AUDIT_TRAIL,POLICY_COLUMN from ALL_AUDIT_POLICIESorder by OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,POLICY_NAME;

3. 重启数据库

conn / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
startup

4.执行 expdp导出数据（成功导出12条数据）

 expdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log REUSE_DUMPFILES=Y TABLES=SCOTT.EMP

5. 删除数据trunccate

 conn scott/tigertruncate table emp;

6.执行impdp导入数据（成功导入12条数据）
impdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLY

SQL> host  impdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLYImport: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 星期日 1月 21 09:41:07 2024
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.连接到: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
已成功加载/卸载了主表 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"
启动 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLY
处理对象类型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . 导入了 "SCOTT"."EMP"                               9.132 KB      12 行
作业 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 已于 星期日 1月 21 09:41:15 2024 elapsed 0 00:00:07 成功完成

7.确认FGA_LOG$的审计结果（FG审计log中输出import的操作记录）

 conn sys/PWset lin 2000 set pages 1000 col DB_USER format a10col OS_USER format a10col POLICY_NAME format a20col SQL_TEXT format a100select to_char(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS'),DB_USER,OS_USER,POLICY_NAME,SQL_TEXT from dba_fga_audit_trail order by timestamp desc; 

结果例：

SQL>  select to_char(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS'),DB_USER,OS_USER,POLICY_NAME,SQL_TEXT2   from dba_fga_audit_trail3   order by timestamp desc;TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDH DB_USER    OS_USER    POLICY_NAME          SQL_TEXT
---------------------------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20240121094115               SCOTT      OracleServ EMP_ENAME            INSERT /*+ APPEND PARALLEL("EMP",1)+*/ INTO RELATIONAL("SCOTT"."EMP" NOT XMLTYPE) ("EMPNO","ENAME","iceORCL                         JOB","MGR","HIREDATE","SAL","COMM","DEPTNO")SELECT "EMPNO","ENAME","JOB","MGR","HIREDATE","SAL","COMM","DEPTNO"FROM "ET$01EF9D620001" KU$

8.测试结束，删除策略。

BEGINDBMS_FGA.DROP_POLICY(object_schema      => 'SCOTT',object_name        => 'EMP',policy_name        => 'EMP_ENAME');
END;
/

参考

32 Auditing Specific Activities with Fine-Grained Auditing
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/dbseg/auditing-specific-activities-fine-grained-auditing1.html#GUID-B706FF6F-13A6-4944-AFCB-29971F5076FD