UDP多对多组播通信

广播和多播仅应用于UDP。TCP是一个面向连接的协议，TCP一定是点对点的，一点是两个主机来建立连接的，TCP肯定是单播。只有UDP才会使用广播和组播。

如下示例实现一个UDP多对多的组播通信，进程中有收、发两个线程，分别表示往组播发送、接收数据。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>// 组播地址必须是D类地址，224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255
#define GROUP_IP "239.0.0.1"
#define GROUP_PORT 8888
#define MAX_MESSAGE 128void *sender(void *arg) {int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0) {printf("Sender alloc socket failed! %s", strerror(errno));pthread_exit(NULL);}struct sockaddr_in addr;memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));addr.sin_family = AF_INET;addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(GROUP_IP);addr.sin_port = htons(GROUP_PORT);while(1) {char message[MAX_MESSAGE];printf("Enter message to send: ");fgets(message, MAX_MESSAGE, stdin);sendto(sockfd, message, strlen(message), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));}close(sockfd);pthread_exit(NULL);
}void *receiver(void *arg) {int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0) {printf("Receiver alloc socket failed! %s", strerror(errno));pthread_exit(NULL);}struct sockaddr_in addr;memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));addr.sin_family = AF_INET;addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(GROUP_IP);addr.sin_port = htons(GROUP_PORT);struct ip_mreq mreq;mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr(GROUP_IP);mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);/* 加入组播 */int ret = setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &mreq, sizeof(mreq));if (ret < 0) {printf("IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP failed! %s", strerror(errno));pthread_exit(NULL);}/* 设置端口复用，多个进程监听同一端口 */ret =  setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &mreq, sizeof(mreq));if (ret < 0) {printf("SO_REUSEADDR failed! %s", strerror(errno));pthread_exit(NULL);}ret = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));if (ret < 0) {printf("Bind failed! %s", strerror(errno));pthread_exit(NULL);}char message[MAX_MESSAGE];struct sockaddr_in sender_addr;socklen_t sender_len = sizeof(sender_addr);while(1) {recvfrom(sockfd, message, MAX_MESSAGE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sender_addr, &sender_len);printf("Received message from %s:%d - %s\n", inet_ntoa(sender_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(sender_addr.sin_port), message);}close(sockfd);pthread_exit(NULL);
}int main() {pthread_t threadA, threadB;pthread_create(&threadA, NULL, sender, NULL);pthread_create(&threadB, NULL, receiver, NULL);pthread_join(threadA, NULL);pthread_join(threadB, NULL);return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

使用任意节点发送消息，其它的节点都能收到。