【Java刷题】二叉树

1. 相同的树

public boolean isSameTree(TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {if(p == null && q == null) {return true;} else if(p != null && q != null) {if(p.val != q.val) {return false;} else {return isSameTree(p.left, q.left) && isSameTree(p.right, q.right);}}return false;
}

2. 另一棵树的子树

public boolean isSameTree(TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {if(p == null && q == null) {return true;} else if(p != null && q != null) {if(p.val != q.val) {return false;} else {return isSameTree(p.left, q.left) && isSameTree(p.right, q.right);}}return false;
}
public boolean isSubtree(TreeNode root, TreeNode subRoot) {if(root == null) {return false;}return isSameTree(root, subRoot) || isSubtree(root.left, subRoot) || isSubtree(root.right, subRoot);
}

3. 翻转二叉树

public TreeNode invertTree(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) {return null;}TreeNode left = invertTree(root.left);TreeNode right = invertTree(root.right);root.left = right;root.right = left;return root;
}

4. 平衡二叉树

// 方式一
public int getHeight(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) {return 0;}return 1 + Math.max(getHeight(root.left), getHeight(root.right));
}
public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) {return true;}if( Math.abs(getHeight(root.left) - getHeight(root.right)) > 1 ) {return false;}return isBalanced(root.left) && isBalanced(root.right);
}// 方式二 - 优化
public int getHeight(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) {return 0;}int leftHeight = getHeight(root.left);int rightHeight = getHeight(root.right);if( leftHeight == -1 || rightHeight == -1 || Math.abs(leftHeight - rightHeight) > 1 ) {return -1;}return 1 + Math.max(leftHeight, rightHeight);
}
public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {return getHeight(root) >= 0;
}

5. 对称二叉树

public boolean isSymmetricHelper(TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {if(left == null && right == null) {return true;} else if(left != null && right != null) {if(left.val != right.val) {return false;} else {return isSymmetricHelper(left.left, right.right) && isSymmetricHelper(left.right, right.left);}}return false;
}
public boolean isSymmetric(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) {return true;}return isSymmetricHelper(root.left, root.right);
}

6. 二叉树遍历

class TreeNode {public char val;public TreeNode left;public TreeNode right;public TreeNode(char val) {this.val = val;}
}public class Main {public static int i;public static TreeNode createTree(String str) {TreeNode root = null;char c = str.charAt(i++);if(c != '#') {root = new TreeNode(c);root.left = createTree(str);root.right = createTree(str);}return root;}public static void inorder(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) {return;}inorder(root.left);System.out.print(root.val + " ");inorder(root.right);}public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);while (in.hasNextLine()) {String str = in.nextLine();i = 0;TreeNode root = createTree(str);inorder(root);System.out.println();}}
}

7. 二叉树的层序遍历

public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {List<List<Integer>> ret = new ArrayList<>();if(root == null) {return ret;}Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();queue.offer(root);while (!queue.isEmpty()) {int size = queue.size();List<Integer> row = new ArrayList<>();while (size > 0) {TreeNode peek = queue.peek();if(peek.left != null) {queue.offer(peek.left);}if(peek.right != null) {queue.offer(peek.right);}row.add(queue.remove().val);--size;}ret.add(row);}return ret;
}

8. 二叉树的最近公共祖先

// 方式一
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {if(root == null) return root;if(root == p || root == q) {return root;}TreeNode left = lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q);TreeNode right = lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);if(left != null && right != null) {return root;} else if(left != null) {return left;} else {return right;}
}// 方式二
public boolean lowestCommonAncestorHelper(TreeNode root, TreeNode tofind, Stack<TreeNode> stack) {if(root == null) return false;stack.push(root);if(root == tofind) return true;if(lowestCommonAncestorHelper(root.left, tofind, stack) || lowestCommonAncestorHelper(root.right, tofind, stack)) {return true;} else {stack.pop();return false;}
}
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {Stack<TreeNode> stack1 = new Stack<>();Stack<TreeNode> stack2 = new Stack<>();lowestCommonAncestorHelper(root, p, stack1);lowestCommonAncestorHelper(root, q, stack2);while(stack1.size() > stack2.size()) {stack1.pop();}while(stack1.size() < stack2.size()) {stack2.pop();}while(stack1.peek() != stack2.peek()) {stack1.pop();stack2.pop();}return stack1.peek();
}

9. 从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树

public int step = 0;
public TreeNode buildTreeHelper(int[] preorder, int[] inorder, int start, int end) {if(start > end) return null;TreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[step++]);int i = 0;for ( ; i <= end; i++) {if (inorder[i] == root.val) {break;}}root.left = buildTreeHelper(preorder, inorder, start, i - 1);root.right = buildTreeHelper(preorder, inorder, i + 1, end);return root;
}
public TreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {return buildTreeHelper(preorder, inorder, 0, inorder.length - 1);
}

10. 从中序与后序遍历序列构造二叉树

public int step;
public TreeNode buildTreeHelper(int[] postorder, int[] inorder, int start, int end) {if(start > end) return null;TreeNode root = new TreeNode(postorder[step--]);int i = 0;for ( ; i <= end; i++) {if (inorder[i] == root.val) {break;}}// 构建顺序相对前序 交换一下root.right = buildTreeHelper(postorder, inorder, i + 1, end);root.left = buildTreeHelper(postorder, inorder, start, i - 1);return root;
}
public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder) {step = postorder.length - 1;return buildTreeHelper(postorder, inorder, 0, inorder.length - 1);
}

11. 根据二叉树创建字符串

public String tree2str(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) return "";StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();str.append(root.val);if(root.left != null || root.right != null) {str.append('(');str.append(tree2str(root.left));str.append(')');}if(root.right != null) {str.append('(');str.append(tree2str(root.right));str.append(')');}return str.toString();
}

12. 二叉树的前序遍历

public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();if (root == null) return list;Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();TreeNode cur = root;TreeNode top = null;while (cur != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {while(cur != null) {stack.push(cur);list.add(cur.val);cur = cur.left;}top = stack.pop();cur = top.right;}return list;
}

13. 二叉树的中序遍历

public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();if (root == null) return list;Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();TreeNode cur = root;TreeNode top = null;while (cur != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {while(cur != null) {stack.push(cur);cur = cur.left;}top = stack.pop();list.add(top.val);cur = top.right;}return list;
}

14. 二叉树的后序遍历

public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();if (root == null) return list;Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();TreeNode cur = root;TreeNode top = null;while (cur != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {while(cur != null) {stack.push(cur);cur = cur.left;}top = stack.peek();cur = top.right;if(cur == null) {TreeNode tmp = stack.pop();list.add(tmp.val);while(!stack.isEmpty() && stack.peek().right == tmp) {tmp = stack.pop();list.add(tmp.val);}}}return list;
}

15. 判断一棵树是不是完全二叉树

boolean isCompleteTree(TreeNode root) {if(root == null) {return true;}Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();queue.offer(root);while (true) {TreeNode top = queue.poll();if(top != null) {queue.offer(top.left);queue.offer(top.right);} else {break;}}while (!queue.isEmpty()) {if(queue.poll() != null) {return false;}}return true;
}