通过QT进行服务器和客户端之间的网络通信

客户端

client.pro

#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2024-07-02T14:11:20
#
#-------------------------------------------------QT       += core gui network   #网络通信greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgetsTARGET = client
TEMPLATE = app# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which as been marked as deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0SOURCES += main.cpp\widget.cppHEADERS  += widget.hFORMS    += widget.ui

widget.h

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H#include <QWidget>
#include <QTcpSocket>namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}class Widget : public QWidget
{Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);~Widget();void InitClient();private slots:void on_connect_bt_clicked();void on_send_bt_clicked();void OnReadData();private:Ui::Widget *ui;QTcpSocket *m_pSocket;
};#endif // WIDGET_H

main.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include <QApplication>int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication a(argc, argv);Widget w;w.InitClient();w.show();return a.exec();
}

widget.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
#include <QDebug>          //Qt 提供的输出调试信息的工具。
#include <QHostAddress>Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :   //Widget类继承自QWidgetQWidget(parent),ui(new Ui::Widget) //通过ui对象初始化界面布局
{ui->setupUi(this);m_pSocket = NULL;     //初始化m_pSocket为NULL
}Widget::~Widget()      //析构函数释放了ui对象。
{delete ui;
}void Widget::InitClient()       //设置界面初始状态，创建串口对象
{qDebug() << "Widget::InitClient() enter";if (NULL == m_pSocket){m_pSocket = new QTcpSocket(this);   //QTcpSocket是Qt提供的用于TCP网络通信的类connect(m_pSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(OnReadData()));//readyRead()当socket接收到新的数据时发出的信号，SIGNAL()是一个宏，将信号转换为字符串形式。this是信号的发送者。//当m_pSocket对象接收到数据时，会触发readyRead()信号，然后调用当前类的OnReadData()槽函数来处理这些接收到的数据}qDebug() << "Widget::InitClient() exit";
}void Widget::on_connect_bt_clicked()   //当按钮connect_bt被点击时触发
{qDebug() << "Widget::on_connect_bt_clicked() enter";QString strIP = ui->ip_edit->text();   //获取用户输入的IP地址QString strPort = ui->port_edit->text();qDebug() << strIP << " " << strPort;if (strIP.length() == 0 || strPort.length() == 0)  //检查用户输入的有效性，如果IP或端口号为空，则输出错误信息并返回{qDebug() << "input error";return;}if (NULL == m_pSocket)      //检查m_pSocket是否为NULL，如果是则输出错误信息并返回{qDebug() << "socket error";return;}m_pSocket->connectToHost(QHostAddress("127.0.0.1"), strPort.toShort());//使用m_pSocket->connectToHost()连接到指定的主机地址（这里是本地地址 "127.0.0.1"）和端口号if (m_pSocket->waitForConnected(3000))//使用m_pSocket->waitForConnected(3000)等待连接建立，超时时间为3000毫秒（3秒）{qDebug() << "connect ok";}else{qDebug() << "connect error";}qDebug() << "Widget::on_connect_bt_clicked() exit";
}void Widget::on_send_bt_clicked()
{qDebug() << "Widget::on_send_bt_clicked() enter";QString strData = ui->send_edit->text();if (strData.length() == 0){qDebug() << "input error";return;}if (NULL == m_pSocket){qDebug() << "socket error";return;}m_pSocket->write(strData.toStdString().data());    //发送字符串形式的数据到已连接的服务器端qDebug() << "Widget::on_send_bt_clicked() exit";
}void Widget::OnReadData()
{QByteArray arr = m_pSocket->readAll();    //读取所有接收到的数据，并将其存储arr中qDebug() << arr;
}

widget.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0"><class>Widget</class><widget class="QWidget" name="Widget"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>0</x><y>0</y><width>692</width><height>468</height></rect></property><property name="windowTitle"><string>Widget</string></property><widget class="QLabel" name="label"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>50</x><y>60</y><width>72</width><height>15</height></rect></property><property name="text"><string>ip</string></property></widget><widget class="QLineEdit" name="ip_edit"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>100</x><y>60</y><width>181</width><height>21</height></rect></property></widget><widget class="QLabel" name="label_2"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>40</x><y>100</y><width>72</width><height>15</height></rect></property><property name="text"><string>port</string></property></widget><widget class="QLineEdit" name="port_edit"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>100</x><y>100</y><width>181</width><height>21</height></rect></property></widget><widget class="QPushButton" name="connect_bt"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>350</x><y>90</y><width>93</width><height>28</height></rect></property><property name="text"><string>connect</string></property></widget><widget class="QPushButton" name="send_bt"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>350</x><y>150</y><width>93</width><height>28</height></rect></property><property name="text"><string>send</string></property></widget><widget class="QLineEdit" name="send_edit"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>100</x><y>160</y><width>181</width><height>21</height></rect></property></widget></widget><layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/><resources/><connections/>
</ui>

服务器

server.pro

#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2024-07-02T09:20:48
#
#-------------------------------------------------QT       += core gui networkgreaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgetsTARGET = server
TEMPLATE = app# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which as been marked as deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0SOURCES += main.cpp\widget.cppHEADERS  += widget.hFORMS    += widget.ui

widget.h

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H#include <QWidget>
#include <QTcpServer>namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}class Widget : public QWidget
{Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);~Widget();void InitServer();private slots:void OnNewConnection();void OnReadyData();void on_listen_bt_clicked();private:Ui::Widget *ui;QTcpServer *m_pServer;
};#endif // WIDGET_H

main.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include <QApplication>int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication a(argc, argv);Widget w;w.InitServer();w.show();return a.exec();
}

widget.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QHostAddress>
#include <QTcpSocket>Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :QWidget(parent),ui(new Ui::Widget)
{ui->setupUi(this);m_pServer = NULL;
}Widget::~Widget()
{delete ui;
}void Widget::InitServer()
{qDebug() << "Widget::InitServer() enter";if (NULL == m_pServer){m_pServer = new QTcpServer(this);connect(m_pServer, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(OnNewConnection()));}qDebug() << "Widget::InitServer() exit";
}void Widget::OnNewConnection()
{qDebug() << "new connection";QTcpSocket *pTmp = m_pServer->nextPendingConnection();  //获取下一个挂起的连接if (NULL != pTmp){connect(pTmp, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(OnReadyData()));//当这个客户端socket有数据可读时，就会调用OnReadyData()函数}
}void Widget::OnReadyData()
{qDebug() << "read data";QTcpSocket *pTmp = (QTcpSocket *)sender();   //获取信号的发送者if (NULL == pTmp){qDebug() << "socket error";return;}QByteArray arr = pTmp->readAll();  //读取所有接收到的数据//qDebug() << arr;QString strData = ui->textEdit->toPlainText();  //将接收到的数据显示在界面中strData.append("recv : ");  //追加数据recv :strData.append(arr);strData.append("\n");ui->textEdit->setText(strData);pTmp->write(arr);   //将接收到的数据原样发送回客户端
}void Widget::on_listen_bt_clicked()
{qDebug() << "Widget::on_listen_bt_clicked() enter";if (NULL == m_pServer){return;}QString strIP = ui->ip_edit->text();QString strPort = ui->port_edit->text();if (strIP.length() == 0 || strPort.length() == 0){qDebug() << "input error";return;}bool bRet = m_pServer->listen(QHostAddress(strIP), strPort.toShort());   //监听指定的IP地址和端口号if (bRet == true){qDebug() << "server listen ok";}qDebug() << "Widget::on_listen_bt_clicked() enter";
}

widget.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0"><class>Widget</class><widget class="QWidget" name="Widget"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>0</x><y>0</y><width>893</width><height>629</height></rect></property><property name="windowTitle"><string>Widget</string></property><widget class="QLabel" name="label"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>80</x><y>60</y><width>72</width><height>15</height></rect></property><property name="text"><string>ip</string></property></widget><widget class="QLineEdit" name="ip_edit"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>140</x><y>60</y><width>221</width><height>21</height></rect></property></widget><widget class="QLineEdit" name="port_edit"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>140</x><y>100</y><width>221</width><height>21</height></rect></property></widget><widget class="QLabel" name="label_2"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>80</x><y>100</y><width>72</width><height>15</height></rect></property><property name="text"><string>port</string></property></widget><widget class="QPushButton" name="listen_bt"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>400</x><y>100</y><width>93</width><height>28</height></rect></property><property name="text"><string>listen</string></property></widget><widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit"><property name="geometry"><rect><x>60</x><y>190</y><width>761</width><height>401</height></rect></property></widget></widget><layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/><resources/><connections/>
</ui>

测试