解决Ubuntu报“无法解析域名cn.archive.ubuntu.com“问题

    今天在Ubuntu系统上，使用sudo apt update命令，进行更新时，弹出"无法解析域名 cn.archive.ubuntu.com"问题，如图(1)所示：

图(1) 弹出"无法解析域名 cn.archive.ubuntu.com" 错误

    出现这种现象的原因: cn.archive.ubuntu.com这个网站的镜像资源不稳定，dns经常解析出错，需要改成稳定性好、速度快的Ubuntu镜像，,比如,

• 163镜像(http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/)、
• 清华源镜像(https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/)
• 中科大镜像(https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/)
• 阿里云镜像(http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/)

    这里推荐163镜像(http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/)，解决步骤如下：

1 查看Ubuntu的发行版本

    查看Ubuntu的发行版本，命令如下：

lsb_release -a

    由图(2) 可知，当前系统的发行版本是bionic，则Ubuntu的apt源镜像要选择bionic版本。
    注意：镜像源的版本，要与当前系统的发行版本(代号版本)保持一致。

图(2) 查看Ubuntu的发行版本(即代号,昵称)

2 备份sources.list

sudo  cp  /etc/apt/sources.list    /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

3 修改sources.list的权限

su root
chmod 666 /etc/apt/sources.list

4 填写Ubuntu镜像

    将原来的sources.list文件里的内容清空，然后，填入如下的163的apt源(镜像):

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

5 刷新apt源

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

6 其他镜像

6.1 阿里云的Ubuntu镜像

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

6.2 清华的Ubuntu镜像

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

6.3 中科大的Ubuntu镜像

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse