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Spring Boot集成selenium实现自动化测试

news 2026/3/27 15:12:32

1.什么是selenium？

Selenium 是支持web 浏览器自动化的一系列工具和库的综合项目。它提供了扩展来模拟用户与浏览器的交互，用于扩展浏览器分配的分发服务器，以及用于实现W3C WebDriver 规范的基础结构，该规范允许您为所有主要Web 浏览器编写可互换的代码。 Selenium 不仅仅是一个工具或 API, 它还包含许多工具.

WebDriver

如果您开始使用桌面网站测试自动化, 那么您将使用 WebDriver APIs. WebDriver 使用浏览器供应商提供的浏览器自动化 API 来控制浏览器和运行测试. 这就像真正的用户正在操作浏览器一样. 由于 WebDriver 不要求使用应用程序代码编译其 API, 因此它本质上不具有侵入性. 因此, 您测试的应用程序与实时推送的应用程序相同.

Selenium IDE

Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment 集成开发环境) 是用来开发 Selenium 测试用例的工具. 这是一个易于使用的 Chrome 和 Firefox 浏览器扩展, 通常是开发测试用例最有效率的方式. 它使用现有的 Selenium 命令记录用户在浏览器中的操作, 参数由元素的上下文确定. 这不仅节省了开发时间, 而且是学习 Selenium 脚本语法的一种很好的方法.

Grid

Selenium Grid允许您在不同平台的不同机器上运行测试用例. 可以本地控制测试用例的操作, 当测试用例被触发时, 它们由远端自动执行. 当开发完WebDriver测试之后, 您可能需要在多个浏览器和操作系统的组合上运行测试. 这就是 Grid 的用途所在.

2.代码工程

实验目标

打开chrome，自动输入Google网页并进行搜索
对搜索结果截图并保存
关闭浏览器

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId><groupId>com.et</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>Selenium</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><selenium.version>3.141.59</selenium.version><webdrivermanager.version>4.3.1</webdrivermanager.version><testng.version>7.4.0</testng.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java --><dependency><groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId><artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId><version>${selenium.version}</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.github.bonigarcia/webdrivermanager --><!--            https://github.com/bonigarcia/webdrivermanager--><dependency><groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId><artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId><version>${webdrivermanager.version}</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.testng/testng --><dependency><groupId>org.testng</groupId><artifactId>testng</artifactId><version>${testng.version}</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

测试主类

package com.et.selenium;import com.et.selenium.page.google.GooglePage;
import com.et.selenium.util.ScreenShotUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;import java.io.IOException;public class GoogleSearch1Test extends SpringBaseTestNGTest {@Autowiredprivate GooglePage googlePage;@Lazy // only create the object when needed@Autowiredprivate ScreenShotUtil screenShotUtil;@Testpublic void GoogleTest() throws IOException, InterruptedException {this.googlePage.goToGooglePage();Assert.assertTrue(this.googlePage.isAt());this.googlePage.getSearchComponent().search("spring boot");Assert.assertTrue(this.googlePage.getSearchResult().isAt());Assert.assertTrue(this.googlePage.getSearchResult().getCount() > 2);System.out.println("Number of Results: " + this.googlePage.getSearchResult().getCount());// wait 3 secondsThread.sleep(3000);//take screenshotthis.screenShotUtil.takeScreenShot("Test.png");this.googlePage.close();}
}

打开google网页

package com.et.selenium.page.google;import com.et.selenium.annotation.Page;
import com.et.selenium.page.Base;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;// this is the main page class that uses search componet and search results componet
@Page // using custom annotation created; src/main/java/com/demo/seleniumspring/annotation/Page.java
public class GooglePage extends Base {@Autowiredprivate SearchComponent searchComponent;@Autowiredprivate SearchResult searchResult;@Value("${application.url}")private String url;//launch websitepublic void goToGooglePage(){this.driver.get(url);}public SearchComponent getSearchComponent() {return searchComponent;}public SearchResult getSearchResult() {return searchResult;}@Overridepublic boolean isAt() {return this.searchComponent.isAt();}public void close(){this.driver.quit();}
}

搜索“ Spring Boot”关键字

package com.et.selenium.page.google;import com.et.selenium.annotation.PageFragment;
import com.et.selenium.page.Base;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;import java.util.List;@PageFragment// using custom annotation created; src/main/java/com/demo/seleniumspring/annotation/PageFragment.java
public class SearchComponent extends Base {@FindBy(name = "q")private WebElement searchBox;@FindBy(name="btnK")private List<WebElement> searchBtns;public void search(final String keyword) {this.searchBox.sendKeys(keyword);this.searchBox.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);// CLICK first search buttonthis.searchBtns.stream().filter(e -> e.isDisplayed() && e.isEnabled()).findFirst().ifPresent(WebElement::click);}@Overridepublic boolean isAt() {return this.wait.until(driver1 -> this.searchBox.isDisplayed());}
}

搜索结果截图

package com.et.selenium.util;import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Path;@Lazy
@Component
public class ScreenShotUtil {@Autowiredprivate TakesScreenshot driver;// location of screenshot file@Value("${screenshot.path}")private String path;public void takeScreenShot(final String imgName) throws IOException {// takes screenshot as saves to path in app properties file using given imgName ex. test.pngif (System.getenv("CLOUD_RUN_FLAG") == null) {try {File sourceFile = this.driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);File  targetfile = new File(path+"/"+imgName);FileCopyUtils.copy(sourceFile, targetfile);System.out.println("Saving screenshot to " + path);} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("Something went wrong with screenshot capture" + e);}}}
}

关闭chrome浏览器

this.googlePage.close();

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

GitHub - Harries/springboot-demo: a simple springboot demo with some components for example: redis,solr,rockmq and so on.(selenium)

3.测试

启动测试方法GoogleTest，效果如下面动图

selenium

4.引用

Spring Boot集成selenium实现自动化测试 | Harries Blog™
Selenium